Transcript SSM (Soft Systems Methodology) Stage 2
: زا دنترابع چیپرام لدم یایازم زا یخرب
.
دنک یم هدافتسا کسیر شهاک یارب یزاس هنومن زا و دزاس یم نکمم ار کسیر یبایزرا • .
دهد یم شیازفا ار یدوعص دشر و رارکت لامتحا • .
تسا ساسح اه یدنمزاین رییغت هب تبسن • .
دریگ یم رظن رد یرتشیب یاضف ناربراک تکراشم یارب • .
دنک یم لیهست ار هیلوا یاهاطخ و یناهگان بویع فشک •
: زا دنترابع چیپرام لدم هوقلاب تلاکشم زا یخرب
هنیزه • ؟دوش یم فقوتم چیپرام لدم تقو هچ •
تسا اه
IS
فلتخم فیاظو نتفرگ هدهعب یاه کینکت و رازبا فرعم ، اه یژولدتم
o
SSM (Soft Systems Methodology)
o
Multiview
o
RAD (Rapid Application Development)
o
System theory: Whole is greater than the sum of the parts Organization as a whole rather that functions in isolation Multi-disciplinary team of analysts Checkland: At Lancaster university Adapt system theory into a practical methodology by testing on client organizations ill-structured or soft problem situation Focus on understanding problem situation rather than developing solutions
Importance of people to understand real world Different and conflicting objectives, perceptions, and attitudes Unpredictable nature of human activity systems No possible “laboratory models” of human systems Try to satisfy all the parties in the organizations
Stage 1: The problem situation: Unstructured (Informal view) In the first two stages: Finding about the problem from as many people in that situation as possible Different views from different stakeholders Climate of the problem situation
Stage 2: The problem situation: Expressed (Formal view) Rich picture: Structure of the processes Relationship of the processes to each other Elements of the rich picture: Clients of the system People taking part in it Tasks being performed Environment of the system Owner of the system
Rich picture: A communication technique between users and analysts It shows: People involved Problem areas Controlling bodies Source of conflict Absence of communication line Shortage of supply and so on..
Stage 3: Root Definitions of relevant systems: Problem solver imagining the “relevant systems” Relevant systems: Looking at the problem which provides a useful insight Example: Problem: Conflicts between two departments Relevant systems: A system for redefining departmental boundaries “Debate” is important here: Owner and solver debate on how to describe their relevant systems
Root definition: Hypothesis about the relevant system Checkland:
The root definition is a concise, tightly constructed definition of a human activity system which states what the system is
Using CATWOE Root Definition of a doctor: A hospital is a system affected by NHS (Environment) designed to enable (Client) me (Actor) to treat (Transformation) as possible within a working week as many (World View) , patients with the aid of specialized equipment, nursing care and etc.
Organizational decisions are made by the hospital administrators (Owner).
2 هرامش
IS
یاه هژورپ یبایزرا
: میراد دصق هسلج نیا رد
IS هژورپ فیرعت و ی یاسانش o IS هژورپ یبایزرا o هژورپ تیریدم و یزیر همانرب لئاسم o
: میزوم ا یم اهتنا رد
CATWOE تسرهف زا هدافتسا اب ار IS لکشم فیرعت o IS هژورپ یارب ناعفنیذ لیلحت o IS هژورپ یارب هدنی ا طیحم و اه تیدودحم لیلحت o IS هژورپ یجنسناکما یبایزرا o
Project Assessment Implementation , Maintenance, Kill Project and Change Management Construction Current Situation Analysis Design of Proposed System
دنریگ یم تاشن لیلد هس زا IS هعسوت یاه هژورپ تلاکشم o اه تصرف o ) اهدومنهر ( یجراخ یاهراشف o ) 2 هحفص هوزج ( دنریگب همشچرس یفلتخم عبانم زا دنناوت یم قوف دراوم o (Wetherbe 1984)
PIECES
: قوف دروم 3 یدنب هقبط یارب o تامدخ ،داصتقا ،لرتنک ،یدم اراک ،تاعلاطا ،درکلمع : دوبهب هب زاین o 1 لاثم : سناژ ا
: هجوت دروم تاکن o
اه اه شقن نایم یناشوپمه نازیم
o
شقن نایم یگنهامه شقن نازیم و ضراعت
o o
نان ا رظن یور هلابند نازیم – رظن نابحاص
o
: نایم لداعت
o
(Resistors) ناگدننک تمواقم
o
(Adopters) ناگدنریذپ
o :
CASOCO
تسرهف o (Yeates & Cadle 2002) o o Client o Actor o Sponsor o Owner o Champion o Others