Transcript بخش اول

‫روش تحقیق در علوم دامی‬
Research Method in
Animals Science
Presented by: A. Riasi and M. A Edris
Department of Animal Science
‫‪ ‬اهداف این درس‬
‫‪ -1‬ارایه کلیاتی در مورد اصول تحقیق و مراحل انجام یک تحقیق علمی همراه با‬
‫مثال های مرتبط با علوم دامی‬
‫‪ -2‬آشنایی با شیوه نگارش پیشنهاد پایان نامه (پروپوزال) و پایان نامه های‬
‫کارشناس ی ارشد‬
‫‪ -3‬آشنایی با اصول نگارش مقاالت فارس ی و انگلیس ی‬
‫‪ -4‬انجام تکالیف درس ی شامل نوشتن پروپوزال فرض ی‪ ،‬تهیه یک پوستر به زبان‬
‫فارس ی یا انگلیس ی‬
‫سرفصل های بخش اول‬
‫سرفصل های بخش اول‬
‫(ادامه)‬
‫از نظر لغوی‪ ،‬به معني كشف یک حقيقت است و در فارس ی پژوهش‬
‫نامیده می شود‪.‬‬
‫پاسخگویی به پرسشهاي مختلفي که در طول روز با آنها مواجه هستيم (چه علمی و‬
‫چه غير علمی)‬
‫اما‪:‬‬
‫آيا ميتوان هر گونه تالش براي پاسخگويي به پرسشها و نادانسته ها را‬
‫«تحقيق علمي» ناميد؟‬
‫آيا ميتوان به هر كس ي كه اطالعاتي را جمعآوري ميكند و يا پرسش ي را پاسخ‬
‫ميدهد‪ ،‬محقق گفت؟‬
‫در مباحث علمي تعريف اصطالحي تحقيق یا پژوهش چيست؟‬
‫سؤال‬
‫‪Question‬‬
‫برخي از پرسشهاي ما به خاطر بياطالعي به وجود ميآيند‪.‬‬
‫مسأله‬
problem
‫بنا براين‪ ،‬در تعريف تحقيق می توان گفت‪:‬‬
‫تحقيق‪ ،‬کوشش ی روشمند برای پاسخگويی به مشکالت علمی است که موجب‬
‫نوآوری و پيشرفت علم میشود‪.‬‬
Definitions of Research
Advanced Learner’s Dictionary:
A careful investigation or inquiry specially
through search for new facts in any
branch of knowledge.
Redman and Mory:
A systematized effort to gain new knowledge.
Clifford Woody:
A careful inquiry or examination in seeking facts or
principles, a diligent investigation to ascertain
something.”
C.C. Crawford:
A systematic and refined technique of
thinking,
employing
specialized
tools,
instruments and procedures in order to
obtain a more adequate solution of a
problem than would be possible under
ordinary means. It starts with a problem,
collects data or facts, analyses them
critically and reaches decisions based on
the actual evidence.
Significance of Research
All progress is born of inquiry. Doubt is
often better than overconfidence, for it
leads to inquiry, and inquiry leads to
invention.” Hudson’s Maxim
1. For educationists in studying various
educational problems and in seeking
answers
to
various
educational
problems.
2. For social scientists in studying social
relationships and in seeking answers to
various social problems.
3.
Provides
government
the
basis
for
nearly
all
policies in our economic
system.
4. For solving various operational and
planning
industry.
problems
of
business
and
5. It inculcates scientific and inductive
thinking.
6. It promotes the development of logical
habits of thinking and organization.
7. To understand the new developments in
one’s filed in a better way.
Objectives of Research
General Aims
 To
find out the truth which is hidden and
which has not been discovered as yet.
 To
discover
through
the
procedures.
answers
application
to
of
questions
scientific

To gain familiarity with a phenomenon
or to achieve new insights into it.
(Exploratory or Formulative)

To portray accurately the characteristics
of a particular individual, situation or a
group. (Descriptive)

To determine the frequency with which
something occurs or with which it is
associated
with
something
else.
(Diagnostic)

To
test
relationship
hypothesis
between
(Hypothesis-testing)
of
a
casual
variables.
Motivation for Research

Desire to get a research degree.

Desire to face the challenge in solving the
unsolved problems.

Desire to get intellectual joy of doing
some creative work.

Desire to be of service to society.

Desire to get respectability.

Desire to understand casual relationships.

Directions from government.

Employment conditions.

Curiosity about new things.

Social thinking and awakening.
Types of Research
I. Classification based on ‘goal or objective’’
1.
Fundamental Research.
2.
Applied Research.
3.
Action Research.
Types of Research
(continue)
II. Classification based on ‘methodology’
1.
Historical Research.
2.
Descriptive Research.
3.
Experimental Research.
‫تحقيق بنيادی‬
‫تحقيقی است که برای گسترش و بسط دانش يا علوم پايه طرح ريزی‬
‫می شود و ممکن است همه يا بخش ی از اين دانش در آينده کاربرد‬
‫داشته باشد ولی معمول خود محقق در کاربرد آن نقش ی ندارد‪.‬‬
Fundamental Research (Basic/Pure)

Aims at obtaining empirical data that
can be used to formulate, expand or
evaluate a theory.
Fundamental Research (Basic/Pure) (continue)

Creation of knowledge solely for the
sake of knowledge.

Not concerned with the solution of
immediate practical problems.
‫تحقيق کاربردی‬
‫اين نوع پژوهش برای يافتن راه حل مسائل فوری با ماهيت عملی متمرکز‬
‫است و جنبه عملی داشته و معموال خود محققين درکاربرد نتايج آن‬
‫دخالت دارند‪.‬‬
Applied Research (Field)

Directed towards the solution of a
specific and practical problem.

Testing of theories or laws in the actual
field setting.
Applied Research (Field) (continue)

Devoted to the solution of the problems
of
filed
workers
individuals.
or
other
affected
Action Research

Focused on the immediate application
and not on the development of a theory.

Emphasis on decentralization of decision
making and action.
Historical Research

Describes What was?

Purpose: to arrive at an exact account of the
past, to build a perspective about the present,
to predict and control our future activities.
Descriptive Research

Describes What is?

Purpose: To discover the relationship between
the existing variables.
Experimental Research

Describes ‘What will be’ when certain
variables
are
manipulated.
carefully
controlled
or
Experimental Research (continue)

Purpose: Examine the impact of one set
of variables on another set of variables.
Process of an Experimental Research
Experiments
Analysis
Interpretation
Generalization
Recording