Transcript Engineering Design - به نام یگانه مهندس

References:
1 - The Science of Engineering
Design
by : Percy H. Hill
pub : Holt , Rinehart & Winston , Inc.
New York ,
1970
2 - Engineering Design Graphics
by : James H. Earle
pub : Addison_Welsy publishing co , 1992
Chapter 1
New Products
New products are basic to company growth and survival
today more than ever before.
Statistics show that between 55 & 60 good ideas found to
obtain one successful new product valuable enough to
have a significant effect on sales profit.
The ideas can be found from internal sources as well as
external sources.
Internal
sources
Improvement
to
present
products
Peripheral
products
Organized
creativity among
design
&
Development
group
A program
of
rewarding
creative ideas
External sources
Knowledge of what the competition is doing
Activities among companies outside the market area
Ideas from present & potential customers
Inventors & patent application listing
Consulting scientists & engineers
universities
Technical , trade & other publications
Professional society & trade association meeting
Stage of new-product evolution
Idea screening
New-product
Idea search
Market testing
Business
analysis
Pilot production
Product development
commercialization
Ideation

What’s wrong with it ?

How can it be improved?

Other uses

Minify

Magnify

Adapt

Reverse

New look & old look

Rearrange

Substitute

Combine

Convenience

safety
The
design
process
Identification of need :
The beginning of the design process is an idea . Often the idea is
motivated by an company’s urgent desire to lunch a new product .
(or solved a social problem).
Definition of goal :
An expression in general terms of one’s commitment to a system ,
device or process to satisfy the nee.
Research :
Collection of all available information related to the goal.
Task specification :
Listing of pertinent data & parameters that will tend to control the
design toward the desired .
Ideation :
The process of originating new idea .
Conceptualization :
Ingenious , innovative , creative activity in the form of the generation of
alternative possible solutions to required goal . This usually takes
the form of free-hand sketches.
Decision matrix :
An excellent technique to guide the designer in making the best
decision regarding alternative is a scoring matrix.
Analysis :
Testing selective concepts against physical laws.
Experiment :
Construction of prototype , & laboratory testing to determine
performance , workability , reliability & durability.
Solution description :
Specific information that defines the system , process or device. It
consist of a report containing a description of the device , drawings,
specifications, part list, cost estimation.
Manufacture :
Consideration of volume of production , shop requirements ,fabrication
techniques, stock acquisition , automation ,scheduling , quality
control , inspection .
Distribution :
Competitive pricing , advertising , marketing , profit margin .
Consumption :
Consumer feed back , repairing , servicing.
‫‪The creative process‬‬
‫موفقیت در زمینه علمی و صنعتی مستلزم داشتن ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬توانایی تحقیق‬
‫‪ -2‬توانایی طراحی‬
‫‪ -3‬توانایی تولید‬
‫است‪.‬‬
‫از عوامل موثر بر توانائی طراحی را میتوان استعداد و خالقیت نام برد‬
‫تعریف خالقیت‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫توانائی عملی برای دادن ایده های جدید جهت اهداف مهندس ی که دارای شرایط زیر‬
‫باشند‪:‬‬
‫ایدههای نو‬
‫مفید یا هنری وبا ارزش‬
‫ایجاد تسهیل در کاری که با عث پیچدگی است‬
‫گشودن راه ارتباطات جدید‪.‬‬
‫عوامل موثر بر خالقیت‪:‬‬
‫‪-1‬وراثت‬
‫‪-2‬محیط‬
‫‪-3‬تعلیم و تربیت گذشته‬
‫روشهای پرورش خالقیت‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ : Brainstorming‬انتقاد و ترس از انتقاد همیشه مانع بروز‬
‫ایدههای ابتکاری می شود لذا در این روش انتقاد ممنوع است‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ : inversion‬با تغییر دیدگاه یا نقطه نظر ایده های جدید رشد‬
‫میکند‬
‫‪ : Analogy‬مشابه سازی از منابع و طبیعت‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪: Empathy‬تلقین و انتقال فکر خود را بجای دیگران قرار دادن‬
‫‪ : Fantasy‬خیالبافی (آرزو دارم چنین با شد )‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
An example of the design process
Identification of need :
Assume that an engineer in private practice (consultant) is bothered by
the time & trouble of removing fallen leaves from his lawn-that he
would rather play golf. finally provoked by a recent newspaper
headline “autumn rite of leaf-burning adds to air pollution.” he
decides that there is an urgent need for a device to re move leaves.
Definition of goal :
Design a device or system for removing autumn leaves from suburban
lawns that is simple to use & will not add to air pollution.
Research :
The collection of all available information . Information sources may
include the following technical &trade journals, abstracts , research
reports, technical libraries, the competition catalogues of component
suppliers , the patent office. this information may reveal an already
available design solution ,the state-of-the-art ,& availability of
hardware to accomplish the goal.
Task specification
Since this stage requires imaginative thinking involving the overall
design plan , the designer often questions the goal , may wish to
revise it & may abandon the project if it is proven risky.
1.
Device must be safe to operate, specially when used near small
children.
2.
Controls must be such that the average house wife will have little
to no difficulty in learning to operate .
3.
Device may collect and remove leaves in following ways :
a.
Shredded and bagged
b.
Shredded and deposited as mulch calready available
c.
Compressed into blocks to be burned in fire place during winter
d.
Shredded and compressed into a type of peat for planting and
covering
e.
………………
f.
………………
4. Type of power to be considered
a.
Storage battery
b.
Electricity
c.
d.
e.
f.
5.
6.
a.
b.
c.
d.
7.
8.
9.
10.
i. c engine (2 cycle or 4 cycle )
Manual power through gearing
…………
…………
Device should be easily stored in garage or basement
Possibility of combining lawn tasks such as :
Collecting leaves & mowing lawn
Collecting leaves & fertilizing
Collecting leaves & spreading lime
Collecting leaves, moving lawn, &spreading lime
Device should use presently available hardware and require only
sheet metal and tube forming work or possibly fabricated plastic
or vacuum forming .
material should be selected on the basis of workability , strength .
Cast , appearance and ability to with stand varying weather
conditions.
Device must be reliable , require little to no maintenance , and sell
at a price below the average power lawn mower
…………..
Peykan+Peugeot(405)=R.D