Transcript Epenthetic 'T' in Korean Morphology

And aspirated
and reinforced consonants
Daniel Rasband
Brigham Young University
Korean Assimilation
Phoneme 1
P2
P3
_#
V_V, N_V V_N
#_
_C
Tensed
[-tense],
[-aspiration]
Aspirated
ㄱ: /k/
/g/
/ŋ/
/k˺/
/kCC/
ㄲ: /k’/
ㅋ: /kh/
ㄷ: /t/
/d/
/n/
/t˺/
/tCC/
ㄸ:/t’/
ㅌ: /th/
ㅂ: /p/
/b/
/m/
/p˺/
/pCC/
ㅃ: /p’/
ㅍ: /ph/
ㅅ: /s/
/s/
/n/
/t˺/
/tCC/
ㅆ: /s’/
Ø
Hunminjeongeum (訓民正音)
Modern Hangul (한글)
위
뒤
아래 비
나무 깨
해
고기 수수 바다 가루 가
기타
누빗대
윗 글자쇠 뒷 번호
아랫
귀퉁이
빗골짜기 나뭇가지 깻묵
햇곡식
고깃간
수숫겨
바닷가
윗 조상
뒷 사람
아랫 줄
빗길
나뭇결
햇볕
고깃국
수숫대
바닷고기 건칠가루 개울가
윗거리
뒷 안부
아랫것
빗물
나뭇광
햇빛
고깃덩이 수숫단
바닷물
윗공간
뒷 트렁크 아랫계단 빗발
나뭇단
햇살
고깃배
바닷가고 겨잣가루 창가
가겟방
윗구석
뒷편
아랫길
빗방울
나뭇잎
햇수
바닷바람 계핏가루 냇가
가겟집
윗기울기 뒷간
아랫녘
빗소리
나뭇조각
바닷빛
고깃가루 갯가
가금법
윗길
뒷갑판
아랫니
빗속
나뭇짐
바닷속
고춧가루 개천가
가락짓벌
윗녘
뒷거래
아랫단
빗자국
바닷풀
광가루
윗니
뒷걸음
아랫도리 빗줄기
바닷길
금가루
윗단
뒷걸음질 아랫돌
바닷비늘 깻가루
윗대
뒷고대
아랫동네
바닷개
날콩가루
감정가
윗도리
뒷골
아랫두리
바닷게
녹말가루
감화가
윗돌
뒷골목
아랫마
바닷말
눈가루
강가
깻잎
수숫묵
수숫잎괭
이
수숫잎덩
이
수숫잎틀
이
밀가루
겟가루
강가
바닷가
가감법
가게거밋
과
물개
노란가루 가운뎃
진디물
발가락
가운뎃
손가락
What is Sai-sios?
 Noun-binding
 Reinforcing
 /ㅅ/ = /s/ = ?
 /nn/ before high front vowel
 /d/ before other vowels
 -> /kk/, /pp/, /tt/, /ss/ before the respective consonant
Aspirated and Tensed Consonants
Two Sides
Standard Orthography
Nonstandard Forms
 Sai-sios should not be used
 Misspellings
before aspirated consonants
or tensed consonants.
 The National Institute of the
Korean Language
 No (significant)
Pronunciation Change
 Sai-sios not explicit in other
words (where the
pronunciation does change).
 Analogy
 Valid Morpheme (has a
morpho-semantic function
and therefore there is no need
to omit it from standardized
spellings)
Methodology
 Morphological Analysis of Compound Words
 Analysis of Corpus Data
 Great Dictionary of Standard Korean (『표준국어대사전』)
 Malmungchi
 Google, Naver, Daum
Analysis
 24 words from each group
 Morphological Parse
 Internet search
 Compare
Words
Group 1
Group 2
twi-s-kan
‘latrine’
‘twi-kkuth’
‘the end’
twi-s-keli
‘back street’
twi-ttang
twi-s-kewul
‘back mirror’
twi-ppwuli
‘the pieces behind the front in
yuchnoli’
‘back root (of spine)’
twi-s-kelum
‘back step’
twi-ccok
‘backside’
twi-s-kol
‘back of the head’
twi-cha
‘car in the rear’
twi-s-kolmok
‘back alley’
twi-chang
‘rear window’
twi-s-kwumeng
‘back hole’
twi-cheli
‘after-measures’
twi-s-kwi
‘back of the ear’
twi-chwuk
‘heel of shoe’
twi-s-kulwu
‘back stump’
twi-chwum
‘rear pant waist’
twi-s-kulimca
‘rear shadow’
twi-chung
‘floor in the rear’
twi-s-kul
‘afterward’ (in book)
twi-kho
‘rear nose on needle’
Words continued…
twi-s-kil
‘back road’
twi-thal
‘later trouble’
twi-s-namwu
‘tree in the back’
twi-thay
‘figure from rear’
twi-s-nal
‘later days’
twi-thayto
‘figure from rear’
twi-s-tali
‘back leg’
twi-thek
‘back edge’
twi-s-tam
‘back fence’
twi-thongswu
‘back of the head’
twi-s-ton
‘off-the-books money’
twi-thum
‘back gap’
twi-s-tongney
‘back neighborhood’
twi-phan
‘back plate’
twi-s-matang
‘back yard’
twi-phyen
‘back side’
twi-s-mamwuli
‘finish’
twi-phyoci
‘back cover’
twi-s-maul
‘back village’
twi-phwuli
‘entertainment after a ceremony’
twi-s-mal
‘backbiting’
twi-phwum
‘shoulder width of garment’
twi-s-mas
‘aftertaste’
twi-heli
‘rear waist’
twi-s-mosup
‘figure from behind’
twi-hyokwa
‘after effect’
Percentages
Conclusions
 Morphological parse shows that the words with
aspirated and tensed consonants are of the same
category morpho-semantically as the words with the
sai-sios.
 Words with the aspirated and tensed consonants very
often “misspelled” by native Korean speakers
 There is something more to the sai-sios than just a
pronunciation change.
Further Work
 Speech Corpora (Phonetic Analysis)
 Other Problems with the Epenthetic ‘S'
 More Corpora
 Better Querying Functionality
References
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International Society of Language and Literature. 165-200.
-(2007). The Sai-Siot Phenomena and Hangeul Orthography. The Society of Poetics and Linguistics.
Poetics and Linguistics. 13, 1, 239-289.
DAUM. http://www.daum.net/ (accessed on April 1, 2008).
GIM, CHANGSEOP (1996). The Formation and Structure of Words in Korean. Doctorate Thesis. Seoul University. 154.
GOOGLE. http://www.google.com/ (accessed on April 1, 2008).
GWON, YONGGYEONG (2001). Diachronic Studies of the Sai-sios in Korean. Doctorate Thesis. Seoul University. 3-6.
HA, SE KYEONG, MOON, YANG SOO (2005). Optimality Theoretic Approach for "Sai-Sori" Phenomena in Korean.
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Language Research Come? Donga Publishers. 186-194.
MALMWUNGCHI. http://www.sejong.or.kr/ (accessed on April 1, 2008).
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NIKL. Language Regulations. The National Institute of the Korean Language. http://www.korean.go.kr/.
(Accessed on March 29, 2008).
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