Transcript Gradele de comparatie

Gradele de comparatie
prezentare
Comparativ de superioritate si
Superlativ
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1. Adjective scurte
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2. Adjective lungi
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3. Adjective neregulate
1. Adjective scurte (toate adj. monosilabice si unele
bisilabice)
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Comparativ de superioritate (mai…):
adj. + -”er”
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Superlativ (cel mai…):
the + adj. + “-est”
Reguli de scriere la adaugarea “-er” si “-est”
1. Adj. terminate in consoana-vocala-consoana dubleaza ultima litera.
Big – bigger – the biggest
2. Adj. terminate in “-e”, il elimina:
Nice – nicer – the nicest
3. Adj. terminate in “-y” precedat de consoana transforma “-y” in
“-i”:
Funny – funnier – the funniest
4. Adj. terminate in “-l” precedat de vocala neaccentuata dubleaza “-l”-ul:
Cruel – crueller – the cruellest
Exemple:
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fat – fatter – the fattest
thin – thinner – the thinnest
big - bigger – the biggest
pretty – prettier – the prettiest
happy – happier – the happiest
dirty – dirtier – the dirtiest
fine- finer – the finest
simple – simpler – the simplest
tall – taller – the tallest
old – older (elder) – the oldest (the eldest)
slow – slower – the slowest
clever – cleverer – the cleverest
narrow – narrower – the narrowest
2. Adjective lungi
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Comparativ de superioritate (mai…):
more + adj.
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Superlativ (cel mai…):
the most + adj.
Exemple:
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beautiful – more beautiful – the most beautiful
important – more important – the most important
Interesting – more interesting – the most interesting
recent – more recent – the most recent
expensive – more expensive – the most expensive
dangerous – more dangerous – the most dangerous
3. Adjective neregulate
Good – better –the best
(well – better – the best)
 Bad – worse – the worst
(ill - worse – the worst)
 Much – more – the most
 Many - more – the most
 Little – less – the least
 Far – farther – the farthest (departe in spatiu)
 Far – further – the furthest (departe in timp)
 Late – later – the latest (mai tarziu – cel mai recent/ultimul)
 Late – latter – the last (recent/al doilea - ultimul)
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Comparativ de egalitate
Valabil pentru toate adjectivele:
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as + adj. + as (la fel de… ca…)
Exemple:
As tall as (adj. scurt)
 He is as tall as my brother.
 (E la fel de inalt ca fratele meu)
As expensive as (adj. lung)
 This cap is as expensive as a dress.
 (Şapca aceasta este la fel de scumpa ca si o rochie.)
As much(+substantiv) as (adj neregulat)
 I think my neighbour has as much money as Donald Trump.
 (Cred ca vecinul meu are la fel de multi bani ca Donald Trump.
 I like reading as much as you do.
 (Imi place sa citesc la fel de mult ca tie.)
Comparativ de inferioritate
Valabil pentru toate adjectivele:
 Not
Sau
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as + adj. + as … (nu la fel de …ca…)
Not so + adj. + as … (nu asa de …ca…)
Exemple:
Not as dirty as/ not so dirty as (adj. scurt)
 Your windows are not as dirty as mine.
 (Ferestrele tale nu sunt la fel de murdare ca ale mele.)
Not as important as/ not so important as (adj. lung)
 I think Japanese is not so important as English.
 (Cred ca japoneza nu e asa importanta ca engleza.)
Not as bad as/ not so bad as (adj. neregulat)
 Your children are not so bad as mine.
 (Copiii tai nu sunt asa de rai ca ai mei.)
Constructii care folosesc gradele de comparatie –
Din ce in ce mai….
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Pentru adjective scurte si neregulate:
Comparativ de superioritate + and + comparativ de
superioritate
Unfortunately our parents are older and older.
(Din nefericire parintii nostri sunt din ce in ce mai batrani.)
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Your English is better and better.
(Engleza ta este din ce in ce mai buna.)
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He has more and more knowledge about English.
(Are din ce in ce mai multe cunostinte despre Engleza.)
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Constructii care folosesc gradele de comparatie –
Din ce in ce mai….
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Pentru adjective lungi:
More and more + adjectiv
Your little child is more and more intelligent.
(Copilasul tau este din ce in ce mai inteligent.)
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Food is more and more expensive nowadays.
(Mancarea este din ce in ce mai scumpa in zilele
noastre.)
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Constructii care folosesc gradele de comparatie –
cu cât… cu atât…
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Pentru toate adjectivele:
The + comparativ de superioritate + S + V, the + comparativ de
superioritate + S + V
The greater the effort is, the more satisfactory it will be.
(Cu cat este mai mare efortul, cu atat mai satisfacator va fi.)
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The more interesting the book becomes, the more anxious we are.
(Cu cat mai interesanta devine cartea, cu atat mai nerabdatori suntem.)
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The shorter the nights, the longer the days.
(Cu cat (sunt) mai scurte noptile, cu atat (sunt) mai lungi zilele.)
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Constructii idiomatice:
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So much the better = cu atat mai bine
So much the worse = cu atat mai rau
So much the more = cu atat mai mult
So much the less = cu atat mai putin