Transcript Pluralul substantivelor - Gramatica Limbii Engleze

Pluralul substantivelor
prezentare
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La plural, substantivele primesc de regula
terminatia “-s”.
flower – flowers; book – books; cow – cows
Fac exceptie substantivele terminate in:
“-s”, “-z”, “-x”, “-ch”, “-sh”, care primesc terminatia
“-es”.
Bus – buses; box – boxes; bench –benches;
Brush – brushes; buzz- buzzes
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Observatie
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Substantivele terminate in “-o” fac pluralul in
doua moduri, in functie de vechimea pe care
o au in fondul limbii engleze.
Cele vechi primesc terminatia “-es”: potato –
potatoes; tomato – tomatoes.
Cele mai noi, precum si cele terminate in “-o”
precedat de vocala, au terminatia “-s”: piano
–pianos; radio – radios; mosquito –
mosquitos.
Reguli de ortografiere la adaugarea terminatiei “-s”
1. Substantivele terminate in “-y” precedat de o
consoana transforma “-y” in “-ie”:
Family – families; country – countries
2. Substantivele terminate in “-f” si “-fe” le transforma in
“-ves” la plural:
Leaf – leaves; wife – wives; knife – knives; life - lives;
shelf - shelves
Exceptii: roof – roofs, handkerchief - handkerchiefs; cliff
– cliffs
Substantive cu plural neregulat
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Man – men (policeman – policemen etc.)
Woman – women (policewoman – policewomen etc.)
Child – children
Mouse – mice
Ox – oxen
Tooth – teeth
Goose - geese
Foot – feet
Die - dice
Substantive de origine greaca
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Cele terminate in “-sis” fac pluralul in “-ses”
Axis – axes (axa – axe)
 Crisis – crises (criza – crize)
 Basis – bases (baza – baze)
 Oasis – oases (oaza – oaze)
etc.
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Alte substantive de origine greaca
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Phenomenon – phenomena (fenomen –
fenomene)
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Criterion – criteria (criteriu – criterii)
Substantive cu aceeasi forma la singular si plural
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Fish – fish
Fruit - fruit
Sheep – sheep
Deer – deer
etc.
Substantive nenumarabile
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La fel ca in limba romana, substantivele de
tipul urmator (lichide, solide, notiuni
abstracte) sunt considerate nenumarabile:
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Water, coffee, silver, iron, happiness, joy etc.
Alte substantive nenumarabile
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Pe langa cele mentionate, mai exista si alte
substantive care in romana sunt numarabile, insa in
engleza nu.
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Bread => a loaf of bread (o franzela , o paine); two
loaves of bread (doua paini)
Chocolate => a bar of chocolate (o ciocolata); three
bars of chocolate ( trei ciocolate)
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Alte substantive nenumarabile
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News => an item/a piece of news (o stire),
two items/pieces of news (doua stiri);
Lightening => a flesh of lightening (un fulger);
Furniture => a piece of furniture (o mobila);
Advice => a piece of advice (un sfat)
Soap => a cake of soap ( un sapun), two
cakes of soap (doua sapunuri);
Money = bani
Atentie!
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Substantivele nenumarabile se acorda cu
verbul la singular si nu admit numerale in
fata lor!
The news is good.
GRESIT: I have a good news.
Your money is here.
GRESIT : Your money are here.