Transcript Experience from the Field Implementation of 1325 and 1820

1325 in UN Peace Keeping
Missions
May 24, 2013
Maud Edgren-Schori
Pierre Schori
Indevelop
UN Resolution 1325:
Women, Peace and
Security
Maud Edgren-Schori
1325 in UN peacekeeping missions
Presentation 14.30 – 17.00
• Introduction (PS, ME-S)
• UN Peace Keeping (PS)
•
Break
• Human Rights and CEDAW (ME-S)
• Gender Advisor in the Field (ME-S)
•
Legstretcher
• SC Resolutions and Mandates ONUCI (PS)
• Responsibility to Protect - R2P (PS)
• Q and A
Thank you!
Dag Hammarskjöld (1905 – September 18, 1961)
served from April 1953 until his death in a plane crash.
He is the only person to have been awarded the Nobel
Peace Prize posthumously.
C F Reuterswärd, 1980
The Blue Helmets were created by
Hammarskjöld and his team.
Three guiding principles for PKO:s:
The UN Blue Helmets
(1) shall have the consent of the parties,
(2) be impartial and
(3) use force only in self-defence or in
defence of the mandate.
UN Peacekeeping
Began in 1948 when the Security Council authorized the
deployment of UN military observers to the Middle East
and Pakistan.
The observers role were to monitor the Armistice
Agreement
• between Israel and its Arab neighbors (UNTSO) and
• in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP)
Both of these missions continue operating to this day.
67 peacekeeping operations have been deployed by the
UN, 54 of them since 1988. Over the years, hundreds of
thousands of military personnel, as well as tens of
thousands of UN police and other civilians from more than
120 countries have participated in UN peacekeeping
operations.
The Suez and the Congo Crises
The earliest armed peacekeeping operation was the UN
Emergency Force (UNEF) deployed successfully in 1956 to
address the Suez Crisis.
The UN Operation in the Congo (ONUC), launched in 1960, was
the first large-scale mission having nearly 20,000 military
personnel at its peak.
ONUC demonstrated the risks involved in trying to bring
stability to war-torn regions – 250 UN personnel died while
serving on that mission, including the Secretary-General Dag
Hammarskjold.
UN PK workforce (March 2013)
• 77.891 troops, 1.802 military observers, 12.540
police personnel
• 5.090 international civilian personnel; 11.701
local civilian staff. 2.089 UN Volunteers
• 116 countries contributed
.
Gender Mainstreaming
… assessing the implications for women
and men in any action, including
legislation, politics and programmes
… making concerns and experiences of
women and men an integral part of
design, implementation, monitoring
and evaluation of policies and
programmes, so that women an men
benefit equally
Discrimination of Women
Definition (CEDAW 1979)
• any distinction, exclusion or restriction
made on the basis of sex which has the
effect or purpose of impairing or nullifying
the recognition, enjoyment or exercise by
women, irrespective of the marital status,
on a basis of equality of men and women,
of human rights and fundamental
freedoms in the political, economic, social,
cultural, civil or any other field.
Age and Sex Matter
Eleanor Roosevelt
–Commisssion on
HR established
1946
– UDHR was
adopted in 1948
– 9 HR conventions
(1965 – 2006)
International Agreements
CONVENTION
Legally binding for
the nations that
ratified
DECLARATION
RESOLUTION
Morally binding, not
legally.
Binding when
adopted by the SC
Guiding documents
•
•
•
•
HR Conventions
Beijing Platform of Action
National policies on GE
UN Agencies gender policy
• UNSCR 1325/2000,
1820/2008,1888/2009,1960/2010
• UNSC resolutions
• UN policies on Gender, Codes of
Conduct
Gender Advisor UNDP
assignments (examples)
• Training (In-house + partners)
• Drafting Gender Policy Declaration/
Strategic Action Plan (CI) /National
Gender Policy (L)
• Reviewing of Programs/Projects
• Data collection/Needsassessment (G)
• Develop program: ”Women in Peace
and Reconciliation” (CI)
• Resource mobilisation (CI)
Gaps in Gender Mainstreaming
are caused by:
• Resistance
• Ignorance
• Indifference
Gender Perspective requires
• Knowledge
• Commitment
• Priority
• Resources
Key commitments in UN SC
Resolution 1325(2000)
Women, Peace and Security
• Participation of women in peace
processes on all levels
• Protection of women and girls and respect
for their rights including fight against GBV
• Gender perspective in PKO
Who is responsible for
implementing 1325 and other
UNSCR?
•
•
•
•
UN Security Council
UN Secretary-General
UN Member States/TCCs
Armed groups – national militaries,
rebel groups, etc.
• Humanitarian agencies
• Mediators in peace negotiations
ONUCI (established 2004)
March 2013:
•
•
•
•
Troops 9.358 (113 w)
Military Experts 193 (13 w)
Police 509 (54 w)
FPU 998 (0 w)
TCC in Côte d’Ivoire
• Bangladesh, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Chad,
China, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador,
Ethiopia, France, Gambia, Ghana,
Guatemala, Guinea, India, Ireland, Jordan,
Malawi, Morocco, Namibia, Nepal, Niger,
Nigeria, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru,
Philippines, Poland, RoKorea, Moldova,
Romania, Russia, Senegal, Serbia, Togo,
Tunisia, Uganda, Tanzania, Uruguay,
Yemen, Zambia and Zimbabwe
Responsibility to protect (R2P)
Laurent Gbagbo, former
President of Côte d’Ivoire
• Warrant of arrest issued 23 November 2011.
Transfer to the ICC 30 November 2011.
Charges hearing: 19-28 February 2013
Charges
Laurent Gbagbo allegedly bears individual criminal
responsibility, as indirect co-perpetrator, for four (4) counts
of crimes against humanity:
1)
2)
3)
4)
murder
rape and other sexual violence
persecution and
other inhuman acts, allegedly committed in the context
of post-electoral violence in the territory of Côte d’Ivoire
between 16 December 2010 and 12 April 2011
”The United Nations was not created to
bring us to Heaven but to save us from
Hell”