Transcript Slide 1
Ten-year Impact Study on Implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000) on Women Peace and Security in Peacekeeping Context and Background • Conduct of peacekeeping has changed as a result of resolution 1325 • The operational landscape has evolved in last 10 years: many more actors on the ground • New mandates that present new opportunities for enhancing implementation of resolution 1325 • Study commissioned to mark 10th anniversary of resolution 1325 • First global review of impact of peacekeeping missions in advancing women’s rights and gender equality in line with resolution 1325 Study Methodology • 12 peacekeeping and Special Political missions in 11 countries participated in the Study • A total of seven thematic issues relevant to resolution 1325 were reviewed: Women’s participation in peace negotiations, political participation, DDR, SSR, Legal and judicial reform, sexual and gender-based violence, protection of IDP and refugee women) • Each mission reviewed five themes • Cross-cutting issues were also reviewed, including: Representation of women in peacekeeping, accountability of senior managers and role of gender advisers • Standard Interview Guide was developed and facilitated consultations with national partners in government and civil society, and also UN staff • Focus on peacekeeping activities whilst acknowledging role of other partners • Recognition of long-term impact as work in progress Participation in Peace Negotiations Good Offices of SRSG Afghanistan, DRC, Darfur: facilitated women’s involvement in peace consultations Outreach to women not sufficiently inclusive Absence of a coherent overall strategy to mobilize women’s participation Progress due to pressure from below, not deliberate push from above Participation in Political/Electoral Processes Constitutional reform: quota guarantees Afghanistan (25%), Burundi (30%) Electoral Laws: gender-sensitive provisions DRC; Timor-Leste (25% quota in Electoral Law) Voting Process High rates of registration of women; high voter turn-out among women; specific outreach to women provision of electoral security for women voters Training support to women candidates Coaching of women candidates in Haiti ; training political candidates in Burundi, Liberia, DRC Capacity-building support to women elected officials is an outstanding challenge Disarmament Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR) • Eligibility criteria has generally tended to exclude women – Liberia as exception • Inconsistent application of gender and DDR standards • Improved security for women in and around cantonment sites • Access to reintegration support: DRC, Burundi, Liberia • Women not fairly considered in all phases of DDR process • Lukewarm commitment of senior DDR staff to strengthen gendersensitive approaches • Women still not fairly considered in all phases of DDR process Security Sector Reform • Increased representation of women in national security institutions: between 12%-20% in police service in Timor-Leste, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Kosovo – higher than global average • Adoption of gender policies for some security sector institutions: Police in Liberia, Sierra Leone • Important role modeling effect due to deployment of female peacekeepers – example of Timor and Liberia • Support for reform of security sector has not sufficiently addressed reform of institutional barriers to women’s participation in this sector – Widespread discrimination persists against women in national security sector institutions – Sexual harassment and lack of challenging professional opportunities commonplace Legal and Judicial Reform • Ratification of CEDAW in some countries with support of peacekeeping mission - Timor and Afghanistan • Representation o f women in legal and judicial sector has increased in some cases – Timor and Sierra Leone, though in overall terms women remain underrepresented • Support for adoption of laws to protect women’s rights in some cases, though implementation of laws remain a challenge • Challenge of customary vs formal law in many cases – Afghanistan, Sudan, Timor • Conditions of women in corrections institutions generally poor Sexual and Gender-based Violence Progress Support for adoption of laws related to sexual and gender-based violence DRC, Liberia, Afghanistan, Timor-Leste Support for National Strategies to combat SGBV Liberia, Cote d’Ivoire, DRC Support for establishment of special police units to deal with SGBV VPU (Timor-Leste), FSU (Sierra Leone), WCPS (Liberia), Special Protection Cells /DIS (Chad), Haiti Deployment of Mixed Teams and Joint Protection Teams DRC, Darfur Challenges • Sexual violence remains high in DRC, Liberia, Burundi, Darfur • Enhancing peacekeeping strategies, whilst communicating limits of peacekeeping • Lack of accurate data Protection of Women IDPs and Refugees • Enhanced protection due to presence of peacekeepers: Joint Protection Teams in DRC, Detachement Integre de Securite in Chad • Presence of female humanitarian workers welcomed by women IDPs • Coverage, consistency and effectiveness remains limited • Limited empowerment of women IDPs • Limited efforts to facilitate women’s participation in camp governance committees 30 30% 25 20 20% 15 10 8.7 5 3.3 0 Int. National Police Civilian Military Int. Civilian National Police Military Key Messages from Impact Review • Huge potential of peacekeeping missions to influence agenda of women’s rights and participation in peace processes • The potential to engage local women in peace processes has not been sufficiently tapped by peacekeepers. • Increasing women’s representation in post-conflict institutions (political or security) is not enough. Capacity-building for women to enable them serve optimally and removal of institutional barriers that impede women’s success is equally key • Partnership with local women in post-conflict countries must expand beyond urban elites and engage women from diverse sectors of society who have been impacted by the conflict Key Messages cont. • Senior managers must lead by example in demonstrating commitment to advancing women’s rights in post-conflict countries. • Policies, guidelines and training tools are all important tools to support gender mainstreaming and to enhance accountability • Peacekeeping missions are only one among key players who can support implementation of resolution 1325 at the country level. Partnership is key to ensure sustainability • Presence of women peacekeepers matters greatly; male champions of gender equality are equally effective Looking Ahead: The Next Decade • Key Issues and Opportunities • Keeping women’s participation high on the agenda; situating protection in wider context • Clarifying niche and comparative advantage of peacekeeping missions within context of increasing number of actors: UN Women as opportunity • Opportunity to enhance accountability through use of monitoring indicators • Expanding the availability of gender specialists within different peacekeeping components – SSR, DDR • Strengthening partnership strategy with Member States Forward-Looking Strategy • Build on comparative advantage of peacekeeping missions: – Strengthen gender technical expertise in peacekeeping missions to facilitate gender mainstreaming – Facilitate and support leadership role of local women in efforts to re-establish security and stability in post-conflict transitions • Broaden and deepen support to women in post-conflict countries: – Emphasize capacity-building support to women in post-conflict institutions – Engage partnership with women at all levels: national and local • Expand regional partnerships to advance implementation of resolution 1325 QUESTIONS?