Transcript Experience from the Field Implementation of 1325 and 1820

1325 in UN Peace Keeping
Missions
May 9, 2012
Maud Edgren-Schori
Pierre Schori
Indevelop
UN Resolution 1325:
Women, Peace and
Security
Maud Edgren-Schori
1325 in UN peacekeeping missions
Presentation 09.30 – 12.30
• Introduction (PS, ME-S)
• What is and Why the UN? (PS)
• UN Peace Keeping (PS)
•
Coffee Break 10.15 – 10.30
• Concept of Gender and CEDAW (ME-S)
• Gender Advisor in the Field (ME-S)
•
Legstretcher 11.15 – 11.30
• Responsibility to Protect (R2P)
• SC Resolutions and Mandates – CI
• 12.00: Q and A
•
Lunch Break 12.30 – 13.30
Main purposes of the UN
1. To keep peace throughout
world
2. To develop friendly
relations among nations
3. To support nations work
together to erase poverty,
hunger, disease and
illiteracy; and encourage
respect for HR
4. To establish Centre for
harmonizing actions to
achieve the goals
Dag Hammarskjöld (1905 – September 18, 1961)
served from April 1953 until his death in a plane crash.
He is the only person to have been awarded the Nobel
Peace Prize posthumously.
C F Reuterswärd, 1980
The Blue Helmets were created by
Hammarskjöld and his team.
Three guiding principles for PKO:s:
The UN Blue Helmets
(1) shall have the consent of the parties,
(2) be impartial and
(3) use force only in self-defence or in
defence of the mandate.
UN Peacekeeping
began in 1948 when the Security Council authorized the
deployment of UN military observers to the Middle East.
The mission's role was to monitor the Armistice Agreement
between Israel and its Arab neighbours (UNTSO) and the
UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan
(UNMOGIP). Both of these missions, which continue
operating to this day.
Since then, 67 peacekeeping operations have been
deployed by the UN, 54 of them since 1988. Over the
years, hundreds of thousands of military personnel, as well
as tens of thousands of UN police and other civilians from
more than 120 countries have participated in UN
peacekeeping operations.
The Suez and the Congo Crises
The earliest armed peacekeeping operation was the UN
Emergency Force (UNEF) deployed successfully in 1956 to
address the Suez Crisis.
The UN Operation in the Congo (ONUC), launched in 1960, was
the first large-scale mission having nearly 20,000 military
personnel at its peak.
ONUC demonstrated the risks involved in trying to bring
stability to war-torn regions – 250 UN personnel died while
serving on that mission, including the Secretary-General Dag
Hammarskjold.
As of 31 March 2012 workforce consisted of:
• 84,186 serving troops and military observers ,14,421
police personnel;
• 5,468 international civilian personnel; 12,290 local civilian
staff
• 2,421 UN Volunteers. 117 countries contributed military
and police personnel
.
Age and Sex Matter
Agencies
Donors
•
•
•
•
• Insist of SADD
collection and use
• Evaluate by SADD
Collect
Analysis
Act
Document
10
Gender
• shaped by rules, norms, customs and
practices through which the biological
differences (sex) - males and females are transformed into social differences
(gender)
• results in women and
men being valued
differently and having
unequal opportunities
and life chances
Gender Analysis (GA)
GA requires collection of:
• sex/age disaggregated data
• info on rules, norms and practices of social
institutions which impact the division of labour
and distribution of resources between women
and men
GA is a good Start of a better Ending!
Gender Mainstreaming
… assessing the implications for women
and men in any action, including
legislation, politics and programmes
… making concerns and experiences of
women and men an integral part of
design, implementation, monitoring
and evaluation of policies and
programmes, so that women an men
benefit equally
Guiding documents
•
•
•
•
•
Conventions
National policies on GE
UNDP (HQ) gender policy
UNDP-CI gender policy
UNSCR 1325 (1820, 1888 and 1960
came later)
• UNSC resolutions on CI
• UN policies on Gender, Codes of
Conduct
Who is responsible for
implementing 1325?
•
•
•
•
•
UN Security Council
UN Secretary-General
UN Member States/TCCs
UN Agencies
Armed groups – national militaries,
rebel groups, etc.
• Humanitarian agencies
• Mediators in peace negotiations
Gender Advisor UNDP
assignments
• Training - In-house + partners
• Prepare Gender Policy Declaration/
Strategic Action Plan (CI) /National
Gender Policy (L)
• Review of Programs/Projects
• Data collection/Needsassessment (G)
• Develop program: ”Women in Peace
and Reconciliation” (CI)
• Resource mobilisation (CI)
Gaps are caused by:
• Resistance
• Ignorance
• Indifference
Gender Perspective requires
• Knowledge
• Commitment
• Priority
• Resources
Two cases of Responibility to protect (R2P)
Thabo Mbeki, Why is the UN entrenching
former colonial powers on our continent?
http://foreignpolicy.com/articles, 29 April,
2011
David Rieff, The Man Who Knew Too
Much
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/article,
24 October, 2011
May 1st, 2012 ICC Weekly Update:
Situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
• In this situation, four cases have been brought before the
relevant Chambers: The Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga
Dyilo; The Prosecutor v. Bosco Ntaganda; The
Prosecutor v. Germain Katanga and Mathieu Ngudjolo
Chui; and The Prosecutor v. Callixte Mbarushimana.
• Thomas Lubanga Dyilo, Germain Katanga and Mathieu
Ngudjolo Chui are currently in the custody of the ICC.
The suspect Bosco Ntaganda remains at large. On 16
December 2011, Pre-Trial Chamber I declined to confirm
the charges against Mr Mbarushimana. He was released
on 23 December 2011.
• Ratko Mladić is a former Bosnian Serb military
leader accused of committing war crimes,
including the massacre of 8 000 Muslims at
Srebrenica in 1995. On 31 May 2011, Mladić
was extradited to The Hague, where he was
processed at the detention center of the
International Criminal Tribunal for the former
Yugoslavia (ICTY).His trial will begin on May 14.
• Milošević was charged with war crimes
and crimes against humanity in connection
with the wars in Bosnia, Croatia and
Kosovo by the International Criminal
Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY)
• Milošević conducted his own defense in
the five-year long trial, which ended
without a verdict when he died on 11
March 2006 in his prison cell in The
Hague.[
May 3rd 2012: Prosecutors want Charles
Taylor sentenced to 80 years in prison
• Prosecutors in the trial Charles Taylor
have said the former Liberian leader
should be sentenced to 80 years in prison,
given the “extreme magnitude” of the
crimes he committed.
• The 64-year-old leader was found guilty on
11 counts of war crimes and crimes
against humanity at the Special Court for
Sierra Leone.
”The United Nations was not created to
bring us to heaven but to save us from
hell”