Transcript Document

Gendering Peace
PROPOSAL FOR A POSITION PAPER OF EWL ON WOMEN,
CONFLICT AND UN SC RESOLUTION 1325
Rada Boric, European Women’s Lobby
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KEY POINTS
• Conflicts and wars are GENDERED
processes
• Conflicts and wars have disproportional
impact on women and children,
particularly the girl child.
• Women are not seen as equal in
contributing to the democratic
development and creating human
security for all.
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Gender, Peace and Security Policy within EU
Documents to Refer to:
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Participation of women in peaceful
conflict resolution (EP Resolution, 2000)
Resolution 1385 of the Council of Europe
on “Conflict Prevention and Resolution:
the Role of Women” (2004)
Council operational paper on the
implementation of SCR 1325 in the ESDP
(2005)
A roadmap for equality between women
and men 2006-2010 (2006)
Report on the situation of women in
armed conflicts and their role in the
reconstruction and democratic process in
post-conflict countries (2006)
Checklist to ensure gender
mainstreaming and implementation of
UNSCR 1325 in the planning and conduct
of ESDP Operations (2006)
Report on women in international politics
(2006)
Council conclusions on promoting gender
equality and gender mainstreaming in
crisis management (2006)
The EU was
created to ensure
lasting peace in
Europe
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UN SC Resolution 1325
on Women, Peace and Security (2000)
• Principal international instrument which
incorporates and mandates a gender
perspective in all aspects of
peacebuilding.
• A Gender perspective must be
mainstreamed throughout the peace
processes, peace accords/agreements and
peacekeeping operations
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The UN Resolution 1325 stresses four main areas
of concern:
• The participation of women in peacebuilding
• The inclusion of a gender perspective in peace
processes and training to promote gender
perspective in peace building
• The protection of women from violence in crisis
and war areas, especially from rape
• The inclusion of gender perspective in UN
reports and mechanisms for the
implementation of peace agreements
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How can the UN SC Resolution 1325 be effective?
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Increasing women’s involvement in peacebuilding/
promotion measures;
Recognizing the ways in which women and men are
affected differently by conflict;
Preventing gender-specific violence against women
and girls and protecting the rights and needs of
women and girls in armed conflict;
Developing and implementing National Action Plans;
Assuring gender budgeting;
Setting identifiable benchmark and time lines for
implementation
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National Action Plans
• The UN system has developed a 1325 Action Plan as the
best way to translate objectives of the Resolution 1325
into reality.
• Only six EU countries have develop NAPs: UK,
Denmark, Sweden, Austria, The Netherlands and
Spain, and two non-EU countries: Switzerland and
Norway. Canada is the only country outside Europe.
• The majority of these national action plans fail to
include gender budgeting, identifiable benchmarks
and/or timelines for the implementation
• legal instruments are in place, including developed
national action plans, the mechanisms for
implementing still needs to be developed.
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The role of women’s NGOs
• To disseminate information about Resolution 1325 to
national and regional stake holders involved in decisionmaking
• To publish shadow reports on gender perspectives on
conflicts
• To offer gender specific training for UN and other
international and national personnel
• To offer training to build women’s capacities to participate
in decision-making at all levels
• To encourage women’s organizations at all levels to
prepare and support candidates for decision-making
positions, including refugee women
• To lobby that the General Assembly prioritize the budget
for gender mainstreaming in peace operations and engage
personnel with gender expertise
• To lobby for establishing gender focal points/gender units
and utilize gender experts in all peacebuilding missions
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Preconditions for sustainable
peace and human security
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Gender Equality Platform for Action, CEDAW and SC Resolution 1325
articulated that equality and peace cannot be achieved without the equal
participation of women and full integration of gender perspectives.
Commitment to combat violence against women, increase girls’ access to
education, ensure women’s equal participation in decision-making and
access to reproductive rights, with firm benchmarks for action.
Gender Mainstreaming UN system has to strengthen gender
mainstreaming, as mandated, ensuring that the structural changes and
financial and human resources within the UN promote gender equality.
Development Peace, development and human rights are inextricably
linked. Link between conflict/war and poverty, as well as conflict
prevention and development has to be considered and conditions
tackled. Sustainable development should be reinforced by the political
and financial commitments as a form of prevention.
Human Rights Need to strengthen human rights mechanisms in the
member states as well as within the UN and EU/CoE. Legal reform
process must be based on gender mainstreaming human rights.
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Disarmament In the framework of human security, decisions on
the disarmament of all weapons, including small arms and light
weapons and nuclear weapons, should be carried out.
Demilitarisation does not only mean reduction of military
expenditure and control of availability of armaments, but the shift
in the politics – promotion of non-violent forms of conflict
transformation and promotion of the respect of human rights.
Civil Society Women’s NGos proved to perform important role in
peacebuilding processes and they role must be re-enforced. The
states and the UN cannot be effective in their commitments
toward sustainable peace without meaningful engagement from
civil society organizations and strong partnership between
member states and civil society. Consistent with the provisions of
UNSC Resolution 1325, gender analysis of all situations off armed
conflict should be performed.
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EWL Recommendations
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Re-affirm commitment for the implementation of UNSC Resolution 1325
and European Parliament’s resolution 2000/2025 on the Participation of
Women in Peaceful Conflict Resolution. Development of an EU-wide
Action Plan on SCR 1325 and development of NAPs by all EU members is
of urgent matter. SUGGESTION National action plans in conflict-affected
areas are crucial for the process of peace building. Support for their creation
and implementation by national and international NGOs is recommended.
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Call upon Governments, relevant UN agencies and other intergovernmental
bodies to provide full financial support for implementation of Resolution
1325, as well as adequate and sustainable funding for women’s equal
participation in peace building, conflict prevention and conflict resolution
processes. Strict benchmarks for the implementation needed, including
gender budgeting and time lines for implementation
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Conduct a mapping and review of gender issues within
EU peace and security policy and programming; assess
gaps and identify areas of EU strategic priority related to
SCR 1325 and EP resolution 2000/2025. Evaluate
implementation of SCR 1325/national action plans.
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Actively promote the equal participation of women in
conflict prevention, management and conflict resolution
and in post-conflict peace building, by developing the
capacity of the EU within the common security and
defence policy to respond to conflict prevention and to
promote the concept of human security.
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Place women’s human rights at the core of donor
policies for reconstruction and development by :
building support systems and investment in specialised
services for the victims of rape and trauma in the wake
of gender-based violence perpetrated during conflict/war
periods
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Provide a mandate within the common security and defence policy
to, inter alia: co-ordinate the EU with a focus on non-military crisis
management; ensure the drafting, implementation and monitoring of
codes of conduct for military and civilian factions intervening on
behalf of the EU in areas of armed conflict; and ensure that at least
40% of women are included in all reconciliation, peacekeeping,
peace-enforcement, peace building and conflict prevention posts
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Provide clear gender focused “Code of Conduct”on the standards
of conduct of military and civilian peacekeeping and humanitarian
staff while on mission in areas of armed conflict.
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Make funds available to women so they can seek redress through
the mechanisms of international law in the aftermath of armed
conflicts.
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Make funds available to women to participate and take
leadership in reconstructing community life and access to
infrastructure such as water supply, electricity, schools, hospitals,
roads as well as (re) building legal and administrative structures of
the State
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Condemn all forms of violence of gender-based
violence in situations of armed conflicts and postconflict societies. Women and girls should have access
to redress through the mechanism of international law in
the aftermath of the conflict. Support to the Tribunal for
the cases of gendered war violence.
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Grant protection to women who flee their countries:
grant women asylum by recognising gender-based
violence ; adopt the United Nations High Commissioner
for Refugees guidelines on Sexual and gender-based
violence against refugees, returnees and internally
displaced persons: Guide for Prevention and Response;
adopt within the process of EU harmonisation of; asylum
policies, the UN guidelines on “International Protection
– Gender Related Persecution within the context of
Article 1A(2);provide annual disaggregated data
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Support The International Criminal Court (ICC) to
pursue perpetrators of crimes committed against women
as crimes against humanity.
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Invest in civil society, by supporting women’s
organisations, as a means of conflict prevention.
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Appoint EU Rapporteur on women’s rights to monitor
implementation of gender policies in Europe, including
the implementation of the policies on resolution 1325.
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Develop and support alternative National Action Plans
and alternative/parallel Women’s Security Councils
to promote women in peace-building.
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www.womenlobby.org
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