Transcript 23. Contracting Out I

23. Contracting Out I
(Regional Organizations)
23. Contracting Out I
• Learning Objectives
– Identify the motives for UN cooperation with
regional organizations
– Familiar with the advantages and disadvantages of
regional organizations
– Understand the politics and mechanics of such
cooperation
– Identify examples of UN and regional organization
cooperation
23.1. Peacekeeping and Regional Organizations
• Motives
– Limitations of the UN system
– Mission failures
The UN and Regional Organizations
Agenda for Peace (1992)
“regional action as a matter of
decentralization, delegation
and cooperation with United
Nations efforts could not only
lighten the burden of the
Council but also contribute to a
deeper sense of participation,
consensus and democratization
in international affairs.”
Supplement to AFP (1995)
“Cooperation between the
United Nations and regional
organizations takes a number of
forms. At least five can be
identified: Consultation;
Diplomatic Support; Operational
Support; Co-Deployment; Joint
operations.”
23.1. Peacekeeping and Regional Organizations
• The legal basis
23.1. Peacekeeping and Regional Organizations
• The case for regional organizations
23.1. Contracting Out to Regional Organizations
• The case against regional organizations
23.1. Contracting Out to Regional Organizations
• The mechanics
UN Peacekeeping Model
Intergovernmental
Diplomacy
UNSC Mandate
UN Mission HQ
(Head of Mission)
Resident
Coordinator
Humanitarian
Coordinator
UN Country Team
Force Commander
Director / Chief of
Mission Support
Regional Organization Peacekeeping Model
Intergovernmental
Diplomacy
UNSC Mandate (VII)
Regional Organization
UN Mission HQ
(Head of Mission)
Mission Headquarters
Resident Coordinator
Force Commander
MNB HQ
MNB HQ
Humanitarian Coordinator
Elections
Political Affairs
23.1. Peacekeeping and Regional Organizations
• The record
NATO (and the OSCE and the EU) in Bosnia
• 1992-1995 NATO
provided support to
UNPROFOR: arms
embargo; no fly zone; air
strikes
• 1995 Dayton Agreement
• UNSCR approves NATO
IFOR (60,000 troops)
• NATO SFOR (1996-2005)
• EUFOR (2005- )
NATO in Kosovo
• 1999 air war against
Serbia (no UNSCR)
• Kosovo Force (KFOR)
deployed in June 1999
with UNSC mandate
• 50,000 personnel from
39 countries
• Deter hostility and
maintain a secure
environment
ECOWAS in Liberia
• Economic Community of West
African States Monitoring
Group (ECOMOG)
• Deployed in Liberia (19901998)
• Cooperation with UNOMIL
(1993-1997)
• Also Deployed in Sierra Leone
(1997-1999)
• Controversy over Nigerian
interests and interference
The EU in the DRC
• Operation Artemis in
Bunia (2003)
• EUFOR RD Congo (April
2006-November 2006)
• Both in support of
MONUC
• Authorized by UNSCR
The OAS in Haiti
• Joint UN/OAS
International Civilian
Mission in Haiti
(MICIVIH) in 1993
• Human rights
observation and
promotion, institutionbuilding; elections
• Supports UNMIH
23.1. Peacekeeping and Regional Organizations
• Regional Organization capacity
– NATO Response Force (NRF)
– EU Battlegroups
– AU African Standby Force