Transcript CHAPTER 7 Life in Society

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
CHAPTER 7
The Adult in Society
Section 1: Early and Middle Adulthood
Section 2: The World of Work
Section 3: The Later Years
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 1: Early and Middle Adulthood
Objectives:
 Summarize Daniel Levinson’s theory of adult
male development.
 Identify and describe the stages of adult female
development.
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 1: Early and Middle Adulthood
Three Stages of Adult Male Development
 Early Adulthood – ages 17-39, involves entering the
adult world, choosing a career, establishing oneself in
society, and making and re-evaluating commitments
 Middle Adulthood – ages 40-59, involves selfexamination, reformulation of life goals, perhaps a
midlife crisis, realization of one’s own mortality
 Late Adulthood – 60 to 75+, involves transitions
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 1: Early and Middle Adulthood
Phases of
Adult Female Development
 Phase 1: Leaving the Family – young women leave
home, break from their parents, and form a life plan,
with an emphasis on marriage over establishing a
career.
 Phase 2: Entering the Adult World – many women,
often in their twenties, marry and have children. More
than half combine work and motherhood. Others
leave work, which limits later job opportunities.
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 1: Early and Middle Adulthood
Phases of
Adult Female Development
(continued)
 Phase 3: Entering the Adult World Again – many
women, often in their early thirties, return to work
after their children start school. They then pursue
their career goals, similar to men in their twenties.
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 2: The World of Work
Objectives:
 Describe how the nature of work in the United
States has changed.
 Explain how the composition of the labor force
in the United States has changed.
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 2: The World of Work
Changes in the Nature of Work
and the Labor Force
 Farming and Manufacturing – fell from 85 percent of
the U.S. labor force in 1900 to 27 percent in 2000;
most work now is in professions, office work, sales,
and service jobs
 Education – workers’ education level has increased;
about 90 percent of workers aged 25 to 64 have high
school diplomas; about one third have college degrees
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 2: The World of Work
Changes in the Nature of Work
and the Labor Force
(continued)
 Women – have increased as a percentage of the total
labor force; now hold about half of all professional
jobs
 Minorities – have increased as a percentage of the
total labor force; in particular Hispanics, who are the
fastest growing group of American workers
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 2: The World of Work
Change in the Composition
of the Labor Force
 Increase in the number of women and
minorities in the labor force
 Better educated workforce
 Changes in the type of work people do
 Increase in career changes
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 3: The Later Years
Objectives:
 Describe the characteristics of life during late
adulthood.
 Identify the new challenges that older
Americans face.
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 3: The Later Years
Life During Late Adulthood
 Young-Old – ages 65 to 74; issues related to the
adjustment of retirement
 Middle-Old – ages 75-84; issues related to declining
physical and mental functioning, dependency, and
death
 Old-Old – ages 85+; issues related to declining
physical and mental functioning, dependency, and
death
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 3: The Later Years
New Challenges of Older Americans
 Adjustment to retirement
 Declining physical and mental functioning
 Dealing with dependency and death
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON