Transcript CHAPTER 8 Deviance and Social Control

SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
CHAPTER 8
Deviance and Social Control
Section 1: Deviance
Section 2: Crime
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 1: Deviance
Objectives:
 Explain the nature and social functions of
deviance.
 Compare the theories that have been proposed
to explain deviance.
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 1: Deviance
Nature of Deviance
 Because there are so many norms governing
behavior, occasional violations are
unavoidable
 What is considered deviant varies from society
to society
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 1: Deviance
Social Functions of Deviance
 Clarifying Norms – defines the boundaries of
acceptable behavior
 Unifying the Group – serves to draw the line between
conforming members of society and “outsiders” – the
nonconforming members
 Diffusing Tension – acts that allow individuals to
relieve tension without disrupting the basic fabric of
society
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 1: Deviance
Social Functions of Deviance
(continued)
 Promoting Social Change – can help prompt social
change by identifying problem areas
 Providing Jobs – provides legitimate jobs for a wide
range of people
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 1: Deviance
Theories of Deviance
 Functionalists – as the natural outgrowth of the
values, norms, and structures of society
 Conflict Theorists – as a result of competition and
social inequality
 Interactionists – as either natural in people with weak
ties to the community (control theory), as a learned
behavior (cultural transmission theory), or as a label
(labeling theory)
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 2: Crime
Objectives:
 Identify the principal types of crime in the
United States.
 Explain the characteristics of the American
criminal-justice system.
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 2: Crime
Principal Types
of Crime in the U.S.
 Violent Crime – includes murder, robbery; most
victims are African Americans
 Crime Against Property – includes burglary,
larceny, vehicle theft; more common than violent
crimes
 Victimless Crime – includes prostitution, gambling,
illegal drug use; offender is the only victim
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 2: Crime
Principal Types
of Crime in the U.S.
(continued)
 White Collar Crime – committed by high-status
individuals in the course of their professions;
includes fraud, tax evasion, embezzlement
 Organized Crime – the pursuit of crime as a big
business
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
SOCIOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Section 2: Crime
American Criminal-Justice System
 Police – have most immediate control over who is
arrested for a criminal act
 Courts – determine the guilt or innocence of an
accused person by means of a trial and assigns some
form of punishment if there is a guilty finding
 Corrections – sanctions used to punish those found
guilty of crimes
 Juvenile-Justice System – used to punish offenders
younger than age 18
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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON