Transcript The Industrial Revolution - Our Lady of Lourdes High School

The Industrial Revolution
DO NOW:
What was the Industrial Revolution?
Causes
Great Britain, 1780s
• 1. Agrarian Revolution
• New farming technology (seed drill, fertilizers)
• Increased food supply
• Population explosion
• Enclosure movement - consolidation of many
small farms into one large farm
• 2. Ready supply of money and markets
• $ to invest in new machines and
factories
• Places to sell products
• Entrepreneurs
• 3. Plentiful natural resources
•
•
•
•
Iron ore
Coal
Navigable rivers
Natural harbors
• 4. Energy and Technology
• Water power
• Steam power
Factory System and Mass
Production
• New labor system
• Longer hours to meet higher demands
• Child labor
• Harsh treatment, bad working conditions
Textile Industry
• Production of clothing or fabric
• Technologies:
• Flying Shuttle (1733)
• Hand-operated machine which increased
the speed of weaving
• Spinning Jenny (1765)
• Home-based machine that spun thread 8
times faster than when spun by hand
• Power Loom (1785)
• Water-powered device that automatically
and quickly wove thread into cloth
Year
Lbs. of imported raw cotton
1760
2.5 million
1787
22 million
1840
366 million
Coal and Iron
• Coal
• Steam engines replace
water wheels and wood
burning (1800s)
• Fueled by coal (abundant
resource)
• Iron Ore
• high quality iron
• Industry booms
• 1740 – 17,000 tons
• 1780 – 70,000 tons
• 1852 – 3 million tons
• Used for machines (trains)
Railroads
• 1804, steam locomotive (train) makes transportation easier
• Railroad expansion leads to:
• New jobs
• Lower priced goods and larger markets
• More factories and machinery
Riding the Liverpool-Manchester
Railway, 1830
Spread of Industrialization
• Spread to Europe
• Belgium, France, Germany
• Government funded roads, canals,
railroads
• Urbanization
Social Impacts
• Enclosure movement, attraction
of work
• Crowded, dirty cities (eventual
reform)
• Population growth
• People live longer, more resistant
to disease (increase life
expectancy)
• Growth of middle class
• Industrial middle class (upper)
• Business people and
professionals such as doctors,
lawyers
• Industrial working class (lower)
• Other professionals such as shop
owners, office workers, teachers
• Emotion, rather than reason
Romanticism
• Rebelled against middle class conventions
• Interest in medieval era; exotic and unfamiliar
• Art, Music
• Reflection of artist’s inner feelings
• Ludwig van Beethoven
• Literature
• Gothic
• Frankenstein
• Edgar Allan Poe
Realism
• Rejected romanticism
• Examination of real social issues
• Literature
• Charles Dickens – Oliver Twist
• Art
• Everyday life, ordinary people
• Factor workers, peasants
The 2nd Industrial Revolution
New Products and Patterns
• Steel
• Replaces iron
• Railways, ships, weapons
• Electricity
•
•
•
•
•
Electric lights - Thomas Edison
Telephone -Alexander Graham Bell
Guglielmo Marconi – first to send radio waves across Atlantic
Subways
Conveyor belts, machines
• Internal combustion engine
• Automobiles
• Airplane
• Mass production
• Assembly line
• World economy
Calls for Reform
• Karl Marx and Frederich Engels
• 1848, wrote The Communist Manifest
• Blamed industrial capitalism for the terrible factory
working conditions
• Marx said all of world history was a “history of
class struggles”
• Oppressors (Bourgeoisie - owners of the means of
production, middle class)
• vs.
• the Oppressed (Proletariat - owned nothing,
working class)
• Class struggle would lead to revolution 
proletariat would overthrow the bourgeoisie 
establish a classless society
Early Socialism
• Economic system where government owns and
controls means of production (factories, utilities)
• People work in cooperation, not competition
• More even distribution of wealth
• Utopian society
• Workers and Factories
• Fought to improve working conditions, hours,
wages
• Collective bargaining
• Union strikes
•
City Reforms
• Boards of health created to improve housing
• Building inspectors
• Running water and internal drainage systems
Society
• Another (lower) Middle Class
• Traveling salespeople, telephone operators, department sales
people, secretaries
• Women’s Experiences
• Took jobs as clerks, typists, secretaries, teachers, nurses
• Fight for suffrage
• Education
• Mass society = compulsory education
Effects of the Revolution
• Mass Production
• Factories
• Machines
• Cheap labor – poor working
conditions  eventually sought
reform
• Rise of Big Business
• Factories – mass production
• Selling of stock
• Growth of companies
• Laissez-faire Economics
• Capitalism
• Supply and demand
• New Class Structure
• Upper – very rich industrial and
business families
• Middle – (upper, middle, lover)
growth; Higher standard of
living!
• Lower - factory workers and
peasants
• Urbanization
• Growth of cities (population)
• Unsanitary conditions 
eventually sought reform
• Improved transportation
• Roads, canals, railroads, steam
locomotives, steam-engine ships