Bellringer

1. Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Britain? List and briefly describe the key factors.

2. List one invention, its inventor, and briefly describe its impact on the Industrial Revolution.

6 minutes

New Industrial City

• The Industrial Revolution brought rapid

urbanization,

or the movement of people to cities.

• Small towns around coal or iron mines grew into cities.

• Other cities grew around the factories built by the

entrepreneurs

.

City Growth

• British market town of Manchester population 17,000 in 1750’s • Population 40,000 by 1780 • Population 70,000 by 1800 • Lower class lived in

tenements

or multistory buildings with tiny apartments • No running water and no sewage system

Hard Work

• Long shift 12-16 hours • Everyone worked- men, women, children • Exhausted worked suffered accidents with no safety devices • Coal dust destroyed lungs of miners • Textile workers breathed lint filled air • Sick or hurt workers lost their jobs

Women and children

• New jobs took them out of their homes • Women paid less for same work • Children changed spools in the mills, push carts • Wages earned helped keep families from starvation

Working Class

• Many people felt lost when they moved to the new cities with no community ties • Weavers and skilled artisans protested because machines were taking their jobs; some smash machines and burned factories in protest

Methodism

• Mid 1700’s – John Wesley founded the Methodist church • Stressed need for personal sense of faith. He urged sobriety and good morals • Hymns and sermons promised forgiveness of sin and better life to come • Sunday school taught the Bible and how to read and write

Middle Class

• Lived in well furnished homes • Ate and dressed well • Women were encouraged to be “ladies” • Hired maid servants • Hard work and determination to “get ahead”

Reform

• • Reformers pressed for laws to improve working conditions

Labor unions

won the right to bargain with employers for better wages, hours, conditions • Working class men won the right to vote

Industrial Revolution

• Despite social problems- low pay, unemployment, bad working conditions the age did bring material benefits • Mass-produced goods grew and factories opened creating jobs • Wages rose and travel expenses fell allowing for family travels