Transcript Social Effects of Industrialization AND The Industrial

Social Effects of Industrialization AND
The Industrial Revolution
8.4
URBANIZATION
 People moved from the
rural areas to the cities to
work in factories…the
largest population transfer
in human history
 Birth of factory towns and
industrial centers
(Manchester)
 1785 – 3 British cities with
more than 50K people
 1820 – 31 British cities with
more than 50K people
FAMILY DYNAMICS
 Cottage-industry model: family was economic unit
 Work taken out of the home and into the factories during the
Industrial Revolution
 As factory wages for skilled adult males rose, women and
children were separated from the workplace
 Gender-determined roles at home and domestic life emerged
slowly
 Married women expected to work inside of the home
 Single women/widows had to support themselves…took jobs
that were unskilled and had poor wages
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
 Clergy and nobility are now
irrelevant
 Bourgeoisie
 Upper bourgeoisie – bankers,
merchants, and industrialists
 Began to imitate some of the old
aristocracy with their lifestyle
 Petite bourgeoisie – small
industrialists, professional
men
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
 Proletariat (the working
class)
 Earns a wage and lives in
poor housing in the cities
 Many are poor peasants who
migrated to the cities
 Poor working conditions
 Long hours in factories, brutal
and unsafe conditions
 Poorhouses opened to care
for the unemployed
LABOR VS. CAPITAL
 Long-term – Industrial Revolution a GOOD thing for
workers and ordinary families
 Positives
 Cheaper high-quality goods available in larger supplies
 Wages rose by 50% between 1820 and 1850
 Negatives
 Housing remained poor
 Workers did not share in the massive wealth produced
LABOR VS. CAPITAL
 Luddites
 Violent group of workers who blamed industrialism for
threatening their jobs
 Attacked factories and destroyed machines
LABOR VS. CAPITAL
 Unions were formed to resist exploitation of the proletariat
by business owners
 Combination Acts (1799) outlawed unions…repealed in 1824
 Chartists looked to bring more political rights for workers
in the English Parliament
 BOTTOM LINE – unions slowly gained rights for workers
throughout the course of the early 19th century