Transcript Slide 1

The
Industrial
Revolution
How It Changed
the WORLD!
Pre-Industrialization
Pre-Industrialization
1.
People had made
goods for THOUSANDS B. WORKMEN handled
all facets of
of years before the
production > different
industrial revolution.
quality goods.
A, Things were made
C. Guilds created
SLOWLY. (low
production
productivity) all BY HAND.
STANDARDS, but
prices were HIGH.
The Industrial Rev.
The Industrial Rev.
B. What was the
Industrial
Revolution?
1. Once the IR
occurred a. Things
made QUICKLY
(high productivity),
mostly by machine.
b. Workmen handle
one discrete task >
same quality of mass
produced ITEMS.
c. FACTORIES made
similar goods with same
production standards;
prices came down.
2. Spatial distribution
a. Work done at a
FACTORY.
GOODS sold near
and fat.
WORKERS paid by
the hour.
b. Industry was
clustered in FEW places.
The Industrial Rev.
Great Britain
Great Britain
C. Why did it begin in Great
Britain?
1. CAPITALIST system.
a. Guilds had created a
middle class of workmen.
b. People free to form
businesses.
c. Education
d. Patent system
encouraged
development.
2. Jethro Tull’s seed drill
(1701) and other
developments >
improved productivity in
farming > People could
leave farms and work
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
3. Raw materials IRON 6. Existing banking system
ORE, COAL
COULD BORROW $ TO BUY
MACHINERY,
7. Stable political system.
4. Rivers, canals,
harbors EASE IN
TRADE
5. Small, compact size
IRON AND COAL
NEAR RIVERS AND
HARBORS
7. Colonies GUARANTED
MARKETS, ADDITIONAL
RAW MATERIALS
Key Developments
Key Developments
1. James Watt patents
the STEAM ENGINE
1769
a. WOOD replaces
running water as
source of energy.
b. CHANGES location
of machinery It was
located by running
water STREAMS AND
RIVERS. Now it can
be located
wherever WOOD
exists (more
flexibility)
2. STEAM ENGINE
adapts to iron
industry (iron
deposits in Midlands,
S Scotland and S
Wales.)
a. Steam engine
provides a stead
supply of HOT AIR for
blast furnace.
b. > ease in (s)melting
iron and shaping it
into “PIGS.”
Key Developments
Key Developments
Key Developments
c. Other industries arise
from IRON industry.
- Wood becomes
scarce > coal >
COKE (factories
move to coal fields)
- INTERGATED factories
where iron is smelted
and processed into
steel.
- Need to transport
coal and iron > RAIL
ROAD
Key Developments
Key Developments
3. Steam engine adapts to TEXTILE industry.
a. COTTON FIBER spun into thread (inefficient
by hand; efficient by machine)
b. THREAD woven into cloth with power looms
in large factories.
Effects - economic
Effects - economic
1. ECONOMIC: More goods at lower prices.
Effects - social
Effects - social
2. SOCIAL: Available labor leaves farms and
clusters in cities.
a. Urban blight > pollution
b. Canned food (encourages a new industry)
Effects – political
Effects – political
3. POLITICAL: Surplus labor > mistreated workers>
liberalism and communism become more popular.
Effects – tech.
Effects – tech.
4. TECHNOLOGICAL Rail road and steam ship.
Effects – agriculture
Effects – agriculture
5. AGRICULTURE: Second agricultural revolution.
a. Increased productivity
b. B. Use of machinery > larger farms > enclosures
Effects – demographic
Effects – demographic
6. DEMOGRAPHIC: Caused movement from stage
1 to stage 2 of DTM.
Early Diffusion
Early Diffusion
1. EASTWARD to Belgium,
France, and Germany
(early 1800s; delay due
to Napoleonic Wars.
2. Further DIFFUSION to
Italy, Netherlands,
Russia, and Sweden by
late 1800s.
3. US not affected by
political instability in
Europe; Diffusion by
early 1800s.
a. 8,000 spindles of textiles
in 1808 > 80,000 by
1811.
b. By Civil War, US was
world’s 2nd largest
power.