Transcript JWID ‘02 - Cranfield University

Collection of Command and
Control Exercise Data
Mark Ashforth
Dstl Information Management Dept
Portsdown West
Contents
• Background
• Iterative development of a model
• Plan for data collection at a real exercise
• Application of data to model
• Conclusions from exercise experience
• Conclusions from the study
• Recommendations
21 July 2015
© Dstl 2002
Dstl is part of the
Ministry of Defence
Background - Current Situation
• Perception that not enough use is made of exercises as
sources of data
• Data collection at exercises is ad hoc and generally not
well coordinated
• C2 Modelling, especially V&V, perceived “too difficult”
• C2 Activities and processes not well understood
21 July 2015
© Dstl 2002
Dstl is part of the
Ministry of Defence
Model-Test-Model Paradigm
Model
Test
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© Dstl 2002
Dstl is part of the
Ministry of Defence
Iterative Development of a C2 Model
Model elements
& parameters
Hypothesise C2 model
Model elements & parameters
Propose new
model elements
Fail
Pass:
validated
model
Test model
hypotheses
Ordered data
21 July 2015
© Dstl 2002
Define data needed to
validate hypothetical model
Data definitions
Attend exercise
& collect data
Raw data
Analyse data collected
Dstl is part of the
Ministry of Defence
Planned Data Collection Procedure
Hypothesise C2 model
Model elements & parameters
Define data needed to
validate hypothetical model
Data definitions
Attend exercise
& collect data
Raw data
Analyse data collected
Ordered data
Report
21 July 2015
© Dstl 2002
Dstl is part of the
Ministry of Defence
Exercise SAIF SAREEA II
AIM
“To deploy, sustain, exercise and recover a medium
scale warfighting Joint Task Force at strategic distance
into a key strategic area, as identified in the SDR.
(In order to demonstrate the JRRF Concept.)”
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Dstl is part of the
Ministry of Defence
Typical deployed HQ at Saif Sareea
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Dstl is part of the
Ministry of Defence
Ex SAIF SAREEA II
Reasons for failure to attend in person:
• Timing of funding
• Difficulty of defining data requirement
• No willing military sponsor in field
21 July 2015
© Dstl 2002
Dstl is part of the
Ministry of Defence
Actual v Planned Collection Procedure
Hypothesise C2 model
Model elements & parameters
Define data needed to
validate hypothetical model
Data definitions
Attend exercise
& collect data
Raw data
Hypothesise C2 model
Model elements & parameters
Define data needed to
validate hypothetical model
Data definitions
Identify and brief
‘second-hand’ analysts
Analysts with interpretation of goal
Attend exercise & collect
data where possible
Haphazard raw data
Analyse data collected
Ordered data
Report
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© Dstl 2002
Analyse data collected
Examples of application to OODA
Report
Dstl is part of the
Ministry of Defence
Example use of data
Time taken to access information:
• Access to information
• Access to IT tools/ equipment
• Speed of access to information
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Dstl is part of the
Ministry of Defence
The ‘OODA Loop’ - a typical C2 model
Orient
Decide
Observe
Act
Col John Boyd USAF
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Dstl is part of the
Ministry of Defence
Using the SS2 Data in OODA
Time to access
strategic planning
info
Orient
Time to access
Intelligence
Decide
Observe
Act
Time to
access mission
doctrine
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Dstl is part of the
Ministry of Defence
Conclusions from Ex SS2
• “Real-life” problems - things do not run smoothly
• Need for military sponsorship of longer-term
research data support - our own experience
• Demonstration of applicability of data to OODA loop
model
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Ministry of Defence
Study Conclusions
• The importance of models to OA
• The nature of C2
• The importance of exercises as sources
• Analyst attendance at exercises
• The need for effective data gathering
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Ministry of Defence
Recommendations
Plan to exploit each exercise
Model elements
& parameters
Hypothesise C2 model
Model elements & parameters
Propose new
model elements
Define data needed to validate
hypothetical model
Data definitions
Fail
Pass:
validated
model
Data Collection
Planning
Attend exercise
& collect data
Test model
hypotheses
Raw data
Ordered data
21 July 2015
© Dstl 2002
Analyse data collected
Dstl is part of the
Ministry of Defence
Recommendations
• Plan to exploit each exercise
• Identify the rationale for exercise exploitation
• Ensure coherence of exercise exploitation with studies
and other research
• Collect data in accord with Dstl’s Data Collection Strategy
• Ensure that exploitation of exercises is authoritatively
supported by MOD
• Gain the support of exercise commanders in the field
• Exploit or create working-level coordination in exercise
exploitation
21 July 2015
© Dstl 2002
Dstl is part of the
Ministry of Defence
Questions?
21 July 2015
© Dstl 2002
Dstl is part of the
Ministry of Defence