Transcript Stepping Stones

Stepping Stones
GPS: Final results
Pieter Tanja
Krakow, 18th September 2014
Project team:
Jorg Thiemann-Linden, Jürgen Gies,
Tom Rye, Zsuzsanna Olofsson,
Jantine Zwinkels, Pieter Tanja
Objectives Stepping Stones
To understand:
1. the successful (policy) measures aimed at making mobility patterns more
sustainable (WHAT)
2. the underlying mechanisms (the HOW and WHY) including social &
psychological factors
STEP-BY-STEP
What-question | Large number of cases | Statistical analysis
GPS
How-question | moderate number of cases | Qualitative analysis
SHAPE-IT
Why question | small number | Explorative
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Objectives GPS
To understand:
•
The effective and efficient (combinations of) policy measures that
influence the travel behaviour of car users towards more sustainable
mobility patterns (Less, smarter, cleaner)
• The key aspects of the process to implement such measures effectively
and efficiently
• Measures that are of common interest across Europe, so capable of
application in a variety of contexts
• How such measures may need to be adapted to fit different contexts – in
other words, how transfer of a policy measure can best be brought about.
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GPS: the selected cases
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Evidence based: learning from real-life experiences
(barriers & drivers)
Categorization of cases
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Some examples of cases
Strategy
Regulation
Hannover
Freiburg
Regional SUMP
“pro Klima” :
Policy integration
Programme to achieve
CO2 reduction targets
Quality of life
Low-energy buildings
Parking restrictions
Mobility Management
Infrastructure
Den Bosch
Köniz / Bern
Shared space approach
Integrate urban development with transport
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Innovative sharing concept
Feasible business case?
Specific target group
The way they were analyzed
A staged approach:
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Interview
guidelines
Documents
review &
interviews
Case descriptions
Conclusions &
recommendations
Twinning cases
Intercase analysis
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GPS: Intercase analysis
Answering the following research questions:
1. What were problems they were seeking to address in relation to the case
objectives?
2. Range of costs and relationship to “success” of measure
3. Key success factors and barriers
4. How barriers were overcome
5. Key ways used to manage public reaction
6. Use of, insights and benefits from framework on behavioural change
7. Are measures transferable – or do they depend on local conditions?
Answering for each category of cases:
“What works best?”
 Key success factors and lessons learned

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Conclusions overall project objectives
1.
75% of the projects reviewed had positive impacts on travel behaviour
2.
The biggest shifts: site or corridor specific infrastructure schemes

3.
“Softer” mobility management interventions: lesser reductions, much lower cost
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4.
“Head on, Engine off” in Dortmund, or No Ridiculous Car Trips in Malmö
City wide strategies: no monitoring data except LundaMats
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Lundamats: a small but marked reduction in car use by residents
5.
In general: other significant benefits, including air quality and safety
improvements and noise reduction.
6.
No conclusions about the benefits of packaging measures
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Less successful? Less information!

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Heilbronn’s light rail scheme
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Only two, Leisure Bus and Shopping Trips to Svågertorp
General lessons learned
Arrange for political support and broader perspective

Get decision on high political level + multi-level funding

Connect sustainable mobility with what matters to the city (attractiveness)
Pay attention to good & smart planning

Manage the task as a project (people, budgets, milestones, deliverables)

Identify the right moment: ‘Windows of opportunity” and go public by the media
Involve ‘front running’ stakeholders
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Citizens: Involve open-minded citizen groups (“happy few”), but also the skeptics

Local companies: (“Business breakfast” meeting, cooperation dialogues)
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Strategy

Use windows of opportunity to establish example structures for
sustainable transport (e.g. redevelopment areas)
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Use of international knowledge on integration of urban spatial planning
and transport planning to reduce traffic demand in specific situations
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Get more insight in the change of consumers’ attitudes

Try to remove barriers to inter-disciplinary collaboration and integration
of departments within the administration
Example of LundaMats II
 Was built on LundaMats I (infrastructure)
 Defined 18 clear targets and 42 priority key projects
 Urban and transport planning integration
 Pedestrian, bicycle, public and commercial transport,
mobility management
 Lundamats will be presented in more detail tomorrow
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Regulation

Overcome resistance to change by an array of initiatives
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Put local regulation policies (parking limitation, speeds limits) in a broader
context Road safety, street space usage, air quality, noise
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Support measures with corresponding street design
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Do not be scared by car drivers’ lobbying, involve them
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Making changes temporary may well make them definitive!
Example of Berlin speed limits
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 Started from traffic noise and air quality standards
 30 km/h on several main roads partly during night only
 Intensive monitoring on traffic flow (positive results)
 Continued decreasing speeds year by yearf
Infrastructure

Look at infrastructure in a broader context
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Arrange the right conditions for co-funding
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Arrange for ongoing communication
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Learn from earlier ambitious projects elsewhere, evaluate
Example of the lightrail system in Heilbronn
 Started in 1990s, still in the implementation phase
 Improving inner city’s economy by reshape of streets
 Significant rise in passenger numbers in the last years
 Transferable to other cities: make use of existing
infrastructure
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Mobility Management
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Arrange for a joint public-private budget
Install an adequate (special purpose) organization able to involve other
stakeholders and citizens
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Tune campaigns to the problem and to the target group
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Facilitate introduction of new services by learning by doing, real
alternative travel options, new tax regulations, business areas
Example of Taskforce Mobility Management (NL)
Maatschappij/overheid
• Bereikbaarheid
• Filereductie
• Duurzaamheid
• Economische vitaliteit
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Organisatie/werkgever
• Aantrekkelijke
werkgever
• Bereikbaarheid/parkeren
• Kostenreductie
• MVO
Vraag: wensen/behoeften
Aanbod: oplossingen
Slim werken
en
Slim reizen
Verminderen
• Beprijzen wegverkeer
• Reiskostenregeling
• Verhuiskostenregeling
Vermijden
• Thuis/mobiel werken
• Aansturing op output
• Loslaten 9-5 cultuur
• Samenwerken op afstand
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Werknemer/Mobilist
• Thuis/mobiel werken
• Flexibele werktijden
• Balans werk/privé
• Keuzevrijheid
Vergroenen
• Stimuleren OV/fiets
• Verminderen
woon-werk verkeer
• Schoner vervoer
 Objective: 5% congestion reduction
 Special purpose organization, use
of covenants
 Focus on employers: 1750 involved
in 15 regions
 Employers decide on measures
 Link to labour conditions
Key conclusions about succesful projects
What turned out to be important?
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Innovative structures for delivering projects, e.g. responsibility for project
delivery to organisations outside the municipality
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A pragmatic approach (seen in many projects)
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Key people: skilled technical staff can overcome barriers without political
support

Involving other municipal departments or organisations not previously
involved in transport issues: new staff, avoiding losing momentum
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The ability to take advantage of new laws or funding streams
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Outlook: towards a better evaluation culture
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Monitoring and evaluation is lacking in many cases
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Succesful projects frequently are based on previous evaluation, reducing risks for
decision makers to initiate ambitious projects
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Ex post evaluation mostly found in mobility management (relatively new area)
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Systematic evaluation is needed for further improvement and transfer of
measures
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Possibilities to achieve this:
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Incorporating a specific obligation into projects
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Incentives for monitoring and evaluation by funding mechanisms
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Thank you for your attention!
Any questions?
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