Transcript Reinventing transport in cities – An IKEA of the mind –

Reinventing transport in cities
– An IKEA of the mind –
Eric Britton
The New Mobility Agenda
75006 Paris, France
http://newmobility.org
5/19/2016
Eric Britton. Cities for Mobility. Stuttgart. 11 June 2007
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Contents of presentation
6.
Dedication: Mrs. Jane Jacobs
Then . . . an IKEA of the mind
Reinventing transport in cities
The Clinton Climate Initiative in brief
The New Mobility reinvention tests
New mobility in Paris: An action agenda
7.
Reinventing transport in your city
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Jane Jacobs: 1916 - 2006
Activist, author, citizen, example
. . . who with her path-breaking book
The Death and Life of Great
American Cities -- and through
the years of work and daily life
example which followed -- almost
single-handedly pioneered new
thinking about our cites and the
ways in which we shape them
through our transportation
arrangements.
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So, what is an “IKEA of the mind”?
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You have an idea that you want or need something
So you hop into your car and drive to their store.
Then you look all over the place and ask questions,
Finally you decide on what it is you want.
You pay for it, load it, & carry it all the way home.
Then the real work begins . . .
And so it is with reinventing transport in your city.
Now let’s have a closer look.
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Reinventing transport in cities
Let’s start by looking at three key phrases:
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Sustainable Transportation –
What does it mean and how can we put it to work?
2.
Old Mobility –
What is it and what can we learn if we look closely at it?
3.
New Mobility –
What is it and how can we put it to work? Right now!
But first, do we have a problem? If so, what is it?
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Sustainable transportation
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Sustainable transportation – this helps us to
start to ask the right questions
New Mobility Agenda – then provides the
outline of a strategy for on-street change
But first, we have to understand what Old
Mobility is and where it is leading us
Let’s have a look.
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Old Mobility is a state of mind
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When everyone is supposed to have a car
And everything we do is supposed to work for the car
But there you are stuck in traffic . . . again
Or waiting for that damn bus in the rain. . . again
And yes, they keep promising improvements, keep on
building and keep on taking your money . . . but it
only gets worse every year.
I dunno, do you suppose we have a problem?
If so, what might it be?
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Surprise? The New Mobility majority
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Everyone who does not have a car (or want one.)
Everyone who cannot drive (or want even to learn)
Everyone who should not drive (You have seen them)
Everyone who cannot afford to own and operate a car
Everyone who prefers walking, cycling or public transport
Everyone with access limitations, physical or other
All those cut off from a full life because they do not have a
decent way to get around.
And -- don't lose sight of this! -- you in a few years
And BTW, all these people vote!
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What is the New Mobility Agenda?
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The New Mobility Agenda is a consistent action strategy
Seen, understood & implemented as an emergency measure
Targets exclusively measures and actions that can take hold and
achieve high visible impacts in less than 2-4 years.
Posts specific performance improvement targets for all to see.
Calls a 5 year moratorium on all new construction.
Radically shifts road & parking real estate to more space- and
environmentally efficient mobility means
Supports innovation for space-efficient, environmentally effective
shared transport services, new and old.
And it succeeds in getting the job done!
See http://www.newmobility.org/ for more
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The Clinton Climate Initiative:
An uplifting constraint for new mobility
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Started August 2007 with very high international visibility
In cooperation with Large Cities Climate Leadership Group
Calling for 80% reductions of CO2 & GHGs in 10-15 years
Targeting buildings, water, waste management, energy . . .
And the ways that people and goods move about in cities.
Latest world meeting in NYC announced first major program:
$ 5 billion to assist transition to energy efficient buildings.
Transport recommendations still in progress.
New Mobility Agenda working to feed in ideas & projects
See http://www.clintonfoundation.org for more
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Clinton Climate – acid tests for actions
In all the sectors they are working with, they are asking:
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Will the selected measure and programs they chose to
support work to reduce CO2 and GHGs radically?
And will it get the necessary fast results?
Also, will it enable significant fossil fuel savings?
Can it be readily replicated in other places ?
Is it experience-proven for sure success?
Is the measure and program politically viable?
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NMA Tests 1: Performance targets: 2007 - 2010
Will the selected measures individually and as an integrated package . . .
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Reduce congestion significantly and fast?
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Improve road safety and public health?
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Impact positively on the local economy?
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Be brought on line at relatively low cost to public budget ?
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Be widely accessible and easy to use? Elderly? Others with mobility handicaps?
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Is it affordable (to all comers) and socially equitable?
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Favor improved mobility and quality of life especially for women and children?
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Does it offer a superior mobility service package to the old mobility deal?
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Does it have positive impacts in terms of social cohesion, more neighborly
behavior, sense of community, and identification of place?
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Does it contribute to improving the quantity/quality of public space
11.
Does it open up space for yet other new mobility options, reforms and measures?
And if it does not do all these things, you can forget about it
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NMA Tests 2: Planning/Process considerations
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Systemic: Does selected measure address full array of multiple objectives
concerned
Flexibility: Does it permit wide range of alternative planning, financing and
implementation adaptations?
Incremental: Can it be brought on line in phased steps permitting significant
readjustments, fine tuning at acceptable levels of public discomfort and cost?
Big House/Open Doors: Does project by its nature invite, provide for active
democracy, deep public participation and genuine city-shaping collaboration?
Reconciliation: Does the process behind it demonstrate a mature capacity to
“reconcile valid opposites”?
Reversible: Can it be readily and cheaply reversed, radically restructured or later
moved to a better location, if it proves unsatisfactory in performance at selected site?
Information availability: Is the necessary information available to diligent
professionals for planning and implementation in other places?
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NMA Tests 3: Ambitious and exceptional goals
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City-transformation potential: Is measure one that can
set off a cycle of events that break the old entrenched patterns and
practices -- and in the process help to create a significantly more
sustainable city and higher quality of life for all?
2.
Self-replicating: Is measure so effective, so convincing
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Guarantee success:
that
once it has been adequately demonstrated in a given context start to
gain attention and lend itself to replication in other cities -- without
requiring any extraordinary financial or other supporting efforts
If properly prepared, is measure sure to
succeed? There is little room for error unfamiliar new initiatives at
this stage in most cities. They must succeed!
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NMA Test 4: Better, Faster, Cheaper
This is the final acid test for your proposed measure, whatever it is:
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Identify main core objectives -- list them clearly, identifying
the specific target performance, cost, time parameters.
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Open up broad ranging discussions of alternative ways of
achieving these very specific target objectives
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Invite proponents of alternative strategies
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Are there better ways of getting that job done in your city?
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Faster ways of getting the key targeted results?
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Cheaper ways?
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If it passes all these tests, you may have a winner.
Or it may lead you to take a BFC alternative instead.
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New Mobility lessons from Paris
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Have a clearly announced, multi-level, integrated strategy
Learn from everyone, everywhere
Give high profile to selected lead measures
Ensure extensive citizen participation from beginning
Expertise: high professionalism and continuity of effort
Strong, deeply committed leadership
Communicate, communicate, communicate – a two way
process!!
And make absolutely sure you succeed!
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New Mobility in Paris: The 3-pillar approach
There are three main pillars for getting the job done. Three!!!
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Pillar 1 – Aggressively enhance supply
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Pillar 2 - Aggressively manage demand
You can’t cut back car traffic for new mobility conversion, unless you provide high quality
alternatives to the old all-car patterns. Build up and strengthen a full range of new mobility
options as rapidly as possible. From people walking and cycling in safety to improved 21 st
century public transport, while in parallel broadening the mobility pallet to bring in a whole
range of new intermediate forms such as are needed by a mobile modern city.
Steadily withdrawing street space from "normal mixed traffic use" while turning it over to
more space-efficient users. Achieved via combined programs of access control, street
redesign, parking policies, signage, traffic management, and compliance monitoring
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Pillar 3 - Execute: Lead, Consult, Communicate
Now the joker! Once you have figured out what it is you want to do, the next and surely the
most difficult step is the process of actually turning these great ideas into a reality in your
city. Only the courageous need apply
And the hard truth is . . . There is no other way of doing it!
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From a kit of > 100 New Mobility measures
Agence de la mobilité, Aires piétonnes, Associations (>150,000 in all areas), Autopartage (Carsharing), Bandes
cyclables, Bikes in public parking facilities, Biofuel public vehicles , Boulevards urbains, BRT - Mobilien, Bus
corridors, Bus services – continuing innovation and reorganization, On-street, on-vehicle camera, Canal
improvements, Car Free Days , Carfree housing, Car pooling, Car rental, Carte Orange, Centres de mobilité,
Circulations Douces, CO2 cards on vehicles, Concertation with pubic interest groups and associations, Conseils
de quartier (121 in all), Couloirs reservés, Cycle parking, Cycle paths, Cycling – paths, stations, support ,
Electric vehicles, Employer transport plans, > enforcement of traffic laws, Espaces Civilisés , EV charge stations,
Extension of public transport hours, Fines – increase to Euro levels, Free public transport , Freight transport ,
Freight consolidation zones, Goods delivery innovation, Handicapped transport (access improvements, passes,
etc.), Horaires Internet, Label Autopartage Paris, Ligne fluviale sur la Seine , Low speed projects , M2W controls,
restrictions, Maison des Personnes Handicapées , Metro extensions and improvements, Mobilien, Mobilis ,
Mobility centers, Navigo, Noctilien , Noise reduction, Observatoire Parisien de la Démocratie Locale,
Observatoire du stationnemen, Onde verte (green wave), On-street parking, Optile, Parcs-relais (Park + Ride),
Paris Accompagnement Mobilité (PAM), Paris Plage, Paris Respire , Parking signage and information ,
Passenger information systems, Péage urbain, Pedestrianization, Pedibus (Walking School Bus), Pistes
cyclables, Plan de Déplacements de Paris , Plates formes d'accueil et d'information des personnes
handicapées, Prestation de Compensation du Handicap (P.C.H.), Projet Heaven (Euro project), Public
information displays, Public space projects , Publications, Quartiers Verts, Radar controls, RATP dans la poche,
Réseaux verts, Réseaux de grandes promenades, Residential parking, Ridesharing – Co-voiturage, Rues à
priorité piétonne , Rues résidentielles , Schéma directeur handicap, Semaine de la nouvelle mobilité, Shared
taxis, Sidewalk widening, amenity, Slow streets, SMS, Special events, Speed control measures, Street furniture,
Street narrowing, SUV restrictions, Sytadin traffic information , Target car/household reductions, Taxis
innovations (Legal change, number, motorcycle taxis, Airport taxis, ‘double use”, station rationalization),
Teledelivery, Teletravail - Telecommuting, telework, Tolls on regional autoroutes, Traffic noise, Tramway, Transit
shelters, Transports à la demande , Traveler information systems, Vélib’ – Free public cycles, Vélos libres
services, Voie Express Rive Droite suppression, Voies rapides urbaines, Voies Vertes, Water transport
p r o m o t i o n
,
W e b
s i t e s
e t
a l ,
Z o n e s
5 0 ,
Z o n e s
3 0 ,
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The five new mobility focus projects in Paris
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Carte Orange:
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The Mobilien: A world-level BRT (bus rapid transit). High performance with
City’s universal fare card -- one of the first all-mode transport
passes. Has steadily evolved in terms of its technology, organization, and reach over
the last three decades. Quite literally provides the key to the new mobility system.
deep roots.
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Car reduction strategies:
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Carsharing – A slow starter but fast coming on line and quite likely to emerge
Steadily, prudently and as close as they can
make it to invisibly pursuing their car reduction strategy.
as the last nail in the coffin of old mobility
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Vélib’: The Killer App - Paris’s world-beating City Bike project.
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1. The Carte Orange
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Integrated fare card
The key to the NM system
Multi-mode: Serves metro, bus,
tram, carsharing & now Velib’
Since 1975, dynamic upgrades
Affordable - close to universal use
You don’t even think about it
Now playing in every city in France
Don’t’ leave home without it
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2. Mobilien: A BRT with deep roots
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Slick high performance system
Builds on decades of experience
with bus, taxi, bike corridors.
Continuously being upgraded and
expanded
High public acceptance
Faster than your car
And you don’t need to park it.
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3. Car reduction strategies
Tightening the noose by . . .
 Switching streets, lanes to
more space efficient uses
 Strategic parking reductions
 Slow streets (30 kph)
 Enforcement of violations
 Congestion as a tool
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Car traffic down by 18%
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4. Carsharing: Old Mobility coffin nail
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A slow starter, but . . .
First system in 1999
City now fully on board
Major expansion underway
Multiple providers
Competitive environment
Just might be the last nail in the
coffin of old mobility
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5. Vélib’: New Mobility Killer App
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20,600 free bikes
1,351 on-street stations
Within 200 m. of you
First ½ hour free
Cost to city: zero!
Advertising supported
Opening 15 July 2007
The world is watching
Stay tuned
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Paris? Vienna surrounded by Phoenix?
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Not to worry -- nobody has it all figured out.
Not even Paris.
While Paris is today wonderfully fine-tuning mobility and life
quality in its compact center
And reducing CO2 even further in the process
The lightly populated surrounding Paris region is still firmly
stuck in the Old Mobility syndrome
Or as they say in Toronto . . . VsbP!
Now what?
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Now, what about your city?
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Understand that you already have a new mobility majority
That there is a solid track record and it can be done
Reexamine all policies & practices from this perspective
Decide if you are going to move ahead now - or will instead
wait for the future to overtake you. (You won’t be alone)
Carry out a new mobility audit to identify (a) car/traffic
reductions strategies + (b) key supply enhancements
Consider Paris example with five high visibility lead projects
Mobilize your new mobility majority and put it to work.
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Perhaps a joint Cities for Mobility project?
“Cities for Mobility” is a global network of cities on
questions of urban mobility. Coordinated by the City of
Stuttgart and in order to promote the development of
sustainable and efficient transportation systems in the
member cities. it promotes transnational cooperation between
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City administrations,
Transportation companies,
Business,
Science, and
the civil society.
Go to http://www.cities-for-mobility.org/ for details and contacts.
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Some handy future references
Presentation made in support of inaugural Cities for Mobility
congress organized by the mayor and city of Stuttgart on
11/12 June 2007. Some useful references just in case you
want to take this idea home for self-assembly and use
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Cities for Mobility - http://www.cities-for-mobility.org.
Stuttgart - http://www.stuttgart-tourist.de/index_ENG.htm
The Jane Jacobs Medal (Rockefeller Foundation award)
http://www.rockfound.org/efforts/jacobs/janejacobs.shtml
Clinton Climate Initiative - www.clintonfoundation.org
C40 Large Cities Climate Initiative - http://www.c40cities.org/
NYC Climate Summit - http://www.nycclimatesummit.com
New Mobility Agenda - http://www.newmobility.org
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Remember? IKEA of the mind?
Now the real work begins . . .
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