Transcript Slajd 1 - Cyklokonference

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gerd-Axel Ahrens
What is new on mobility strategies
in Europe to learn from for Czech
and Slovak municipalities?
Central MeetBike
Expert Seminar
Pardubice, 22./23.02.2012
Content
1. European mobility strategies
2. Sustainable urban mobility plans (SUMP), soon a must!?
3. Good reasons to require strategic sustainable planning versus
isolated decisions and measures
4. Example SUMP Dresden 2025 Plus
5. Answers to selected questions from Czech and Slovak cities
EU Policy Context
Treaty of Amsterdam:
•
Sustainable development as an objective for the Community
Gothenburg European Council:
•
Agreement on a strategy for sustainable development
White Paper on Transport Policy 2001:
• A modern transport system must be sustainable for economic, social and
environmental reasons
White Paper Mid-term Review 2006:
• Mobility must be disconnected from its negative side-effects rather than from
economic activity
• The introduction of the concept of co-modality
Green Paper on Urban Transport 2007:
• To be effective, urban mobility policies need to be based on an approach, which is
as integrated as possible
• Continuously setting of standards for emissions and concentrations of pollutants
and required environmental impact assessments
Action Plan on urban mobility [COM(2009) 490]
– State of play February 2012
Based upon the results of the consultation process on the Green Paper the European
Commission adopted the Action Plan on urban mobility on 30 September 2009:
Action 1: Accelerating the take-up of sustainable urban mobility plans
Action 2: Sustainable urban mobility and regional policy
Action 3: Transport for healthy urban environments
Action 4: Platform on passenger rights in urban public transport
Action 5: Improving accessibility for persons with reduced mobility
Action 6: Improving travel information
Action 7: Access to green zones
Action 8: Campaigns on sustainable mobility behaviour
Action 9: Energy-efficient driving as part of driving education
Action 10: Research and demonstration projects for lower and zero emission vehicles
Action Plan on urban mobility [COM(2009) 490]
– State of play February 2012
Action 11: Internet guide on clean and energy-efficient vehicles
Action 12: Study on urban aspects of the internalisation of external costs
Action 13: Information exchange on urban pricing schemes
Action 14: Optimising existing funding sources
Action 15: Analysing the needs for future funding
Action 16: Upgrading data and statistics
Action 17: Setting up an urban mobility observatory
Action 18: Contributing to international dialogue and information exchange
Action 19: Urban freight transport
Action 20: Intelligent transport systems (IST) for urban mobility
White paper 2011
Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area –
Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system
Visions – strategies – initiatives
2.2
Promoting more sustainable behaviour
27.
Promote awareness of the availability of alternatives to individual
conventional transport (drive less, walk and cycle, car-sharing, park and ride
etc.)
White paper 2011
Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area –
Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system
2.3 Integrated urban mobility
31 Urban mobility plans
•
Establish procedures and financial support mechanisms at European level for preparing urban mobility
audits, as well as urban mobility plans, and set up a European urban mobility scoreboard based on
common targets. Examine the possibility of a mandatory approach for cities of a certain size,
according to national standards based on EU guidelines.
•
Link regional development and cohesion funds to cities and regions that have submitted a current, and
independently validated urban mobility performance and sustainable audit certificate.
•
Examine the possibility of a European support framework for a progressive implementation of urban
mobility plans in European cities.
•
Integrated urban mobility in a possible smart cities innovation partnership.
•
Encourage large employers to develop corporate/mobility management plans.
Guidelines
Developing and Implementing a SUMP
Source: www.mobilityplans.eu
Continuous SUMP-planning process
(elements and activities)
Characteristics:
•
Continuous process
•
Clear goals and
objectives
•
Control of transport
demand
•
Use of scenarios
•
Evaluation and control
(quality management)
•
Integrated hard and soft
measures
•
Step by step true prices
for users
•
Source: www.mobilityplans.eu
Participation of the public
Key factors for success
•
cooperation
•
political will and strength
•
stable majorities
•
consensus and acceptance
•
political decisions on goals, strategies and concepts
•
adoption of the strategies and decisions by formal plans
Key factors for success
Formal planning processes: Participants and processes are regulated by law. Further
participation is possible (e.g. land-use plan, public transportation plan)
Other informal planning processes: Not regulated by law. How communication and participation
is organized is developed by the planers (e.g. general transport plan, individual
plans)
conventional way
of planning
co-operative
planning
internal
consulting
internal
decision
Announcement
Defence
Implementation?
?
Pick up
information
open
consulting
poised decide
Implementation
SUMP-process in Germany
1. Pre-orientation
Initial point: deficiencies and suggestions of concepts, legal
requirements
2. Problem Analysis
Development of guidelines /
goals and objectives
Status quo analysis
Detecting deficiencies and chances
LEGEND:
decision or acceptance
by policy maker
3. Development of Measures
Development of
concepts with measures
Impact assessment
exchange effects
feed back loop
Evaluation
4. Balancing and Decision
5. Implementation and Ex-post Evaluation
Step by step realisation of
the concept
Ex post evaluation
Germany:
The role of transport master planning before and today
Federal and state plans
Regional plans, land-use plans
Before
Today
Transport Master Plan (TMP)
coordination and frame for
TMP
CAP
NAP
PTP
coordinates and frame only for
different traffic and transport plans and
other municipal sectorplans
Formal implementation plans
leftover traffic plans
CAP – Clean Air Plan,
NAP – Noise Action Plan,
PTP – Required Public Transport Plan
Transport or mobility master plan (SUMP)
Strategy and coordination tool
Federal and state plans
Regional plans, land-use plans
Transport or mobility master plan (SUMP)
Strategic orientation and coordination
diff.
traffic
plans
CAP
NAP
PTP
Further sector plans of
municipality
Formal implementation plans



Goals, objectives
Analysis, methods, scenarios
strategies, concepts
Level of measures and implementation
(implementation oriented)




Sector plans (CAP, NAP, PTP)
Transport plans
Measures for areas
Single measures and projects
Participation of policy, administrations and public
Evaluation of measures and strategies
Process evaluation
Data, modelling, reporting
Strategic-conceptional level
(periodical)
Information and
participation
Information of policy, administration and public
Two Levels of mobility master
planning
Continuous
professional
tasks
Just thinking of isolated
measures is dangerous
•
SUMP allows development of strategically consistent measures under
consideration of causal and side effects
•
Dynamic changes of population, economics and behaviour require constant
adjustment and planning
•
SUMP is necessary to coordinate different plans
•
Broad cooperation and consensual planning approaches ease implementation of
measures in the end.
Just thinking of isolated
measures is dangerous
•
Strategies and concepts improve legal acceptance
•
SUMP and strategies will be precondition for obtaining national or European
funding
•
Master plans are cost efficient and reduce the risk of uncalculated unexpected
costs. You only have to create the database for all the projects once and not always
again for each single one.
•
Master plan set the frame for step by step goal achievement
•
Isolated thinking and acting causes easily undesired negative side effects and
unexpected costs
Example Dresden
Population and motorization
Example Dresden
Modalsplit in Dresden
Example Dresden
Dresden in comparison with other German cities
Example Dresden
Dresden‘s mobility strategy in the past
Example Dresden
SUMP Dresden 2025+ - The new strategic bridge
Example Dresden
SUMP Dresden 2025+ - Communication and cooperation
Source: Mohaupt, M.: City of Dresden 2025 plus, sustainable urban mobility plan (SUMP), Annual POLIS conference 2011, 29. November 2011, Brüssel
Example Dresden
SUMP Dresden 2025+ - Results of scenarios
km per day by cars, public transport and bicycles
cars
public transport
bicycle
Source: IVAS/IVV (2011) for the City of Dresden
Questions from Czech and Slovak cities
What is the hierarchy of German transport and conceptual documents and what
is their binding character?
•
Conceptual documents are normally informal and voluntary. They prepare formal documents (which
integrate all modes and problems) an decisions
•
Indirect possibilities to create binding effects:
1.
Self binding through inclusion in formal follow-up processes and decisions
2.
Link informal plans with finance- and investment planning
3.
Ensure cooperation/coordination of different sector plans
4.
Use incentives of funding programs (In Germany state money for transport infrastructure
requires as basis a mobility master plan)
5.
Informal consultation, assistance on organisational and management questions (e.g. a review
group on sustainable transport and evaluation)
6.
Moderation of plan assessments and processes to find consensus and agreement
Questions from Czech and Slovak cities
How to enforce measures that are unpopular?
Expert‘s truth:
Popular measures are not effective,
effective measures are not popular.
1. Clear goals and umbrella or master plans help.
2. Use the principle of “carrots and sticks” (package solutions)
Example:
A clear parking concept for all modes also considers bicycles. When city council
decides on a new parking garage the decision should be accompanied by measures
how to improve the spaces gained on streets and in public places.
Questions from Czech and Slovak cities
Is there an active effort to reduce the increase of car traffic using other modes of
transport?
1. The power of parking policy is accepted. Since the 80ies you do not find free
parking in German cities any more. Through this, parking spaces are not blocked
any more by employees. They either pay or use public transport, bicycle or their
own feet. Parking management secures accessibility for customers and
commercial traffic by cars.
2. Highest road capacities are needed in inner cities, where the corridors from
outside merge. In order to keep traffic in the centres at a satisfactory level, the
access has to be limited and controlled from the outer areas. Roads leading to the
city which have a too high capacity are often one of the major causes of
congestion and stop and go in the inner cities. Ramp and access metering is one
of the answers of traffic engineers.
Questions from Czech and Slovak cities
How can public and decision makers get convinced that more walking and
bicycling is good for the city and helps to ease congestion?
•
Where the number of arriving cars his higher than the service rate at intersections
the result is congestion.
•
The higher the amount of people using cars, the worse traffic conditions are. It is
impossible to increase capacity of all bottle-necks in the network. Where supply is
improved, demand increases automatically (induced car-traffic through better
roads)
•
Each pedestrian and each cyclist who does not use a car does something against
traffic jam. He and the users of public transportation are the best friends of car
drivers.
•
This knowledge and understanding is simple but not well known and accepted.
Central MeetBike will work an that.
Thank you for your attention
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gerd-Axel Ahrens
+ 49 351 463-32975
[email protected]
www.tu-dresden.de