Transcript Dias nummer 1

ENERGY EFFICIENCY POLICIES IN EUROPE RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Ture Hammar
Danish Energy Authority
“Complex Solution of Energy and Ecology Problems of Enterprises and Municipalities”
21-04-2004
Yalta , Ukraine
May 23-27 2005
Overview of presentation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Outlook for European energy supply
Energy efficiency potentials in Europe
The win-win opportunities
Danish experience & action plan
Priorities in the EU green paper for energy
efficiency
6. Project ideas for co-operation with Ukraine
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Outlook for European energy supply
 50 % energy import, growth to 70%
 Import grew 20% 1995-2001
 Still high energy intensity in sectors & regions
 e.g. twice the average in new EU member states
 Oil & gas prices fluctuating, growing
 Oil prices set new records this spring
 Security of energy supply essential
 Interruption of gas pipelines
 EU Kyoto commitment minus 8% before 2008-2012
 GHG emissions grew 4% 1990-2001
 EU Lisbon criteria
 Economic growth & sustainable development
 Win-win-win opportunities?
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Energy efficiency potential
 EU 20% of energy use
could be saved
cost/effectively
 In Central & Eastern
Europe the potential is
much higher
 Huge potential in buildings,
DH network and CHP
stations
(source: K. Brendow)
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Energy efficiency potential
Segment
Potential
Buildings & infrastructure
Huge potential in old building stock
Limited feasibility
New buildings can be energy saving
New infrastructure fits modern comfort
Industry
Potential released when new industry is
established
Energy audits important
Energy supply
Potential found by identifying CHP,
renewable energy, grid losses
Design of supportive market regulation
Traded goods
Lifetime of traded goods 5-15 years
Easy to release potential
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Energy efficiency efforts - examples
Segment
Activity
Policies & Measures
Buildings & infrastructure
renewal
Insulation & technology
behaviour
rehabilitation of
infrastructure
information
local organisation
Regulation, codes
tariffs, subsidies, taxes
Industry
modernisation
clean & efficient
technology
energy audits
investment schemes
emission trade
Energy supply
renewable energy
modern CHP & HOBs
distributed generation
targets
market regulation
subsidy schemes
Traded goods
Introduce efficient
appliances & equipment
Scrap inefficient goods
Information, labelling
Minimum standards
Economic incentives
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Danish energy conservation potential
End-use
Space
Final energy
use
2003
(PJ)
Socio-economic
potential up to 2015
%
PJ
Private-economic
potential (%)
Today
Up to
2015
217,6
24 %
51,3
18 %
47 %
Industry
66,5
25 %
16,5
13 %
27 %
Light
24,0
24 %
5,7
19 %
60 %
Cool/frz
15,1
28 %
4,3
10 %
35 %
El motors
12,4
15 %
1,9
10 %
30 %
Ventil
11,9
40 %
4,8
13 %
38 %
Pumps
8,4
35 %
2,9
14 %
42 %
Other
71,3
24 %
17,2
11 %
33 %
Total
427,2
24 %
104,5
16 %
42 %
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Space heating in Denmark 1980-2001
125
100
75
50
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
Final Energy Consumption per m2
Heated Floor Space
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1992
1994
1996
1998
Final Energy Consumption
2000
Examples of good practice in Denmark
Energy conservation law cover all policies & measures,
annual update
Energy efficiency action plan in 2005
 Good results in the housing sector
 Energy labelling of houses (certificates)
 District heating, CHP and renewables strong
combination
 CHP covers 60%, wind power 25% of total electricity use
 Electricity Saving Trust great success
 Efficient appliances have taken over the market
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Energy label for houses
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Owner / Manager
Energy responsible
ELO consultant
Overview of presentation
• Read meters.
•Ensure that:
• Make records
• That Energy Consultant is engaged
• Compare consumption to expected
• Supervise performance
• Sending yearly statement to
Energy Consultant
Evaluates yearly consumption on basis of the
yearly statement from energy responsible.
Yearly meeting and inspection “Energy Audit”
• Energy Consultant prepared energy label (rating and plan):
•Suggestions for improved operation and maintenance
• Suggestions for investments in energy efficiency
• Suggestions for further actions (investigations, adjustments etc.)
• Energy Consultant sends label and plan to the owner/manager of the
building and to the energy responsible
Energy Consultant presents and discuss
the label and plan with the owner/manager
and the energy responsible.
He will motivate them to carry through
the suggestions described.
The owner
evaluates the
ELO system
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The energy responsible will motivate other staff
(if any) to follow the plan and show energy
•responsible behaviour.
Cogeneration in Europe:
% of National Electricity Production
Denmark
Netherlands
Finland
Austria
Italy
1999
1997
1995
Spain
Portugal
Germany
Sweden
UK
Belgium
France
Greece
Ireland
0
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10
20
30
40
50
60
Electricity Production by Type of Producer
PJ
200
150
100
50
0
1980
'82
'84
'86
'88
'90
Large-Scale CHP
Autoproducers, CHP
Large Power Units, Electricity Only
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'92
'94
'96
'98
'00
Small-Scale CHP
Windpower and Smal Scale Hydro
Domestic Electricity Supply
Electricity saving campaigns
Lighting
Electricity saving multi-plug
School education
Reduction of stand-by consumption
Efficient ventilation
A-labelled lighting bulbs
Converting electric to gas heating
Converting electric to district heating
Efficient white goods (fridge/freezers)
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EU energy efficiency green paper I
EU prepares green paper before summer 2005
 High level committee
New action needed:
Energy services:
 energy audits
 energy efficiency funding & contracting & clearinghouse
 metering, billing, tariffs
 public procurement
 white certificates
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EU energy efficiency green paper II
ECO design standards
 appliances
 boilers
 stand by (www.action1watt.com)
 power supplies
 pumps
 electric motors
Labelling
 Installed equipment
 Building products
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EU energy efficiency green paper III
More measures
 strengthening requirements to existing buildings
 awareness campaigns
 agreements concerning industrial processes
 targets for CHP & market mechanisms
 - and much other: transport, taxation, etc.
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Perspectives to Ukraine
Many policies & measures to be adopted –
and many of them are win-win opportunities:
benefits for economy, environment, security, and life quality
improvement - e.g. through increasing employment
 One idea could be market transformation for appliances,
equipment etc. by introducing energy labelling & efficiency
standards & awareness campaigns
 Another idea could be to introduce requirements to the
efficiency of new and existing building stock
THANK YOU
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