Transcript PUSAT TENAGA MALAYSIA

Climate Change, Energy and
Transport – A Malaysian Perspective
By
Azman Zainal Abidin
Pusat Tenaga Malaysia
Malaysia Energy Supply
120.0%
Total: 28.25 Mtoe
100.0%
Total: 50.71 Mtoe
3.4%
5.8%

Energy Supply has
increased by ~ 80 %
in 2000.

Shifting from oil to
natural gas
consumption as a
result of the Four
Fuel Diversification
Policy
5.2%
5.5%
80.0%
31.8%
42.2%
60.0%
8.7%
4.0%
40.0%
20.0%
48.2%
45.3%
1994
2000
0.0%
Crude Oil
Petroleum Products
Natural Gas
Coal & Coke
Hydropow er
Malaysia Energy Demand
120.0%
Total: 19.29 Mtoe
2.2%
100.0%
9.4%
13.0%
80.0%
60.0%
37.7%
Total: 29.70 Mtoe

Energy demand has
increased by ~ 54 %
in 2000.

The remarkable
economic growth
has somewhat
increased the
energy demand in
2000

80 % dominated by
the industrial and
transport sectors
0.3%
6.9%
12.7%
39.8%
40.0%
20.0%
37.8%
40.2%
1994
2000
0.0%
Industrial
Transport
Residential & Commercial
Non-energy Use
Agriculture
Trend of Electricity Generation
RM Million
(at 1987 prices)
240,000
GWh
GDP (RM Million)
75,000
Electricity Consumption (GWh)
220,000
65,000
200,000
55,000
180,000
45,000
160,000
35,000
140,000
25,000
120,000
100,000
15,000
1990 1991 19921993 1994 1995 1996 19971998 1999 2000 2001 20022003 2004
GHG Inventory
(Initial Results – Energy Sector)
Relative GHG Emissions
Energy Sector
1994
2000
Increase
million RM
153,881
209,365
36%
Population
'000
20,112
23,275
16%
Apparent energy consumption
ktoe
31,858
54,135
70%
ton/capita
4.195
5.503
31%
Gg CO2
84,415
128,058
52%
Gg
Gg CO2 eq..
635.13
13,335
1,198
25,158
89%
Gg
Gg CO2 e. eq..
0.35*
108.5
0.025
7.75
(92.9)%
GDP at 1987 prices
CO2 emission per capita
CO2 emission (Reference approach)
CH4emission (Fugitive emission)
N2O emission (burning of biomass
fuel)
Note: *Worksheet variation appear in INC as it uses different worksheet
Sectoral emissions – Energy Sector (2000)
Sources
(Gg)
Total Emissions (Energy & Industry)
CO2
Emissions
145,925.00
CH4
1,201.49
N2O
0.685
Energy (Sectoral Approach)
1. Fuel Combustion
HFC
0.19
SF6
CO2 eq.
emissions
0.02
172,093.64
151,208
126,058
126,058
Power Industries
37,126
37,126 (29.5%)
Industry (Manufacturing and Construction)
24,150
24,150 (19.2%)
Transportation
41,025
41,025 (32.5%)
Residential
1,820
1,820 (1.4%)
Commercial
2,127
2,127 (1.7%)
917
917 (0.7%)
18,893
18,893 (15%)
Agriculture/Fisheries/Forestry
Others (Transformation)
2. Fugitive Emissions from Fuel
Coal Mining and Handling
Oil and Gas System
3. Emission from Biomass Fuels
1,197.28
25,142.3
0.28
5.3
1,197
25,137.0
0.025
7.75
Sectoral Emissions (Energy)
Others
Agriculture/Fishe
ries/Forestry
(T ransformation)
15%
1%
Power Industries
29%
Commercial
2%
Residential
Industry
1%
(Manufacturing
and Construction
T ransportation
19%
33%
Total: 126,058 Gg CO2
Any effort to reduce GHG emissions?
Clean Development Mechanism




A project based mechanism
Project must be in non-Annex 1 country
Dual objective:
 Assist Annex 1 countries in meeting their
targets
 Assist non-Annex 1 countries in achieving
sustainable development
Project must provide emission reductions
“that are additional to any that would occur
in the absence of the certified project
activity”
Article 12(2), Kyoto Protocol

The purpose of the clean development
mechanism shall be to assist Parties not
included in Annex I in achieving sustainable
development and in contributing to the
ultimate objective of the Convention, and to
assist Parties included in Annex I in achieving
compliance with their quantified emission
limitation and reduction commitments under
Article 3.
CDM Status in Malaysia
Application year (as of
April '07)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Number of Projects
3
2
9
25
21
12
Potential Tonnes of
CO2-eq/year
93,915
62,190
866,758
2.5million
2.6million
1.2 million
Status Projects
April '07
Number of Projects
PIN
PDD
42
30
 24 Projects are given Host Country Approval
 As of April 2007, 14 Projects are registered
with CDM EB
CDM Project Type (as of April ’07)
Project Type
Estimated ER/yr
Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB)
Biogas_Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)
Wood Waste
2,663,692
918,268
67,000
Biodiesel
1,600,000
Landfill
274,235
Municipal Waste
486,105
Mini-hydro
20,727
Animal Waste
127,500
Fuel Switching
61,946
Composting
1,677,432
TOTAL
Note: Based on existing PDDs and PINs
7,896,905
CERs Issued (as of April ’07)
Title
Date of
Issuance
CERs
Issued
0249: Biomass Energy Plant-Lumut.
05 Oct 2006
20,700
0247: Replacement of Fossil Fuel by Palm
Kernel Shell Biomass in the production of
Portland Cement
22 Dec 2006
366,260
Verified
Period
Host
Parties
Other
Parties
01 Feb 2005
- 30 Apr
2006
Malaysia
Denmark
01 May
2000 - 31
Dec 2005
Malaysia
France
SUMMARY




Our energy consumption has increased
over the years
We have been using our energy
inefficiently, due mainly to energy prices
being heavily subsidized
Our GHG emissions have been increasing
over the years, with Industrial and
Transport sectors being the biggest
emitters
Some effort has been made to reduce GHG
emissions through CDM, even though the
objective may not be noble
REMARK
Reducing GHG emissions will have
other direct benefits that include:


Energy conservation
Improved air quality
Thank You
Pusat Tenaga Malaysia
No. 2 Jalan 9/1
Persiaran Usahawan
43650 Bandar Baru Bangi
Selangor Darul Ehsan
Website: www.ptm.org.my
E-mail: [email protected]