Transcript SBSTA Workshop on National Systems Data Improvements: Canada’s Experience Art Jaques Greenhouse Gas Division Environment Canada Bonn, Germany April 13-14 2005

SBSTA Workshop on
National Systems
Data Improvements: Canada’s
Experience
Art Jaques
Greenhouse Gas Division
Environment Canada
Bonn, Germany April 13-14 2005
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Outline of Presentation
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Key Points
Context
Data Collection and Improvements- introduction
Roles and Responsibilities in Canada’s Inventory
Canadian experience with data collection and
improvements:
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Energy
Industrial Processes
Agriculture
Waste
LULUCF
Additional Area
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Key Points
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Institutional Arrangements are a Pillar for Data
Collection
Improvements in quality, comprehensiveness and
availability of data are the key focus of improvements
to the Canadian Inventory
Unique Challenges in Land Use, Land-Use Change
and Forestry:
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New Partnerships to develop estimates
Good Practice Guidance requirement for consistency of land
representation, KP requirements for spatially referenced reporting
Availability of consistent data sets (across time, space and scales)
Gap between research and operational methods
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Context
Canada’s GHG Emissions Profile
1990
2002
2003
CH4
12.7%
SF6
0.5%
N2O
7%
CO2
78.8%
ENERGY
INDUSTRIAL
PROCESSES
SOLVENT &
OTHER
PRODUCT USE
PFCs
0.4%
HFCs
0.4%
2003 Profile
AGRICULTURE
WASTE
Land Use, Landuse Change and
Forestry
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Contribution of Key Source Categories
to Level Assessment
Figure 1a: Contribution of Key Source Categories to Level Assessment - (No LULUCF)
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
Fuel Combustion - Road Transportation (CO2)
Fuel Combustion - Public Electricity and Heat Production (CO2)
Fuel Combustion - Other Sectors (CO2)
Fuel Combustion - Manufacturing Industries and Construction (CO2)
Fugitive Emissions - Oil and Natural Gas (CH4)
Fuel Combustion - Manufacture of Solid Fuels and Other Energy Industries (CO2)
Fuel Combustion - Petroleum Refining (CO2)
Agriculture - Direct Agricultural Soils (N2O)
Waste - Solid Waste Disposal on Land (CH4)
Agriculture - Enteric Fermentation (CH4)
Fuel Combustion - Other Transport (CO2)
Fugitive Emissions - Oil and Natural Gas - Venting and Flaring (CO2)
Industrial Processes - Other (Undifferentiated Processes) (CO2)
Fuel Combustion - Pipeline Transport (CO2)
Agriculture - Indirect Agricultural Soils (N2O)
Industrial Processes - Iron and Steel Production (CO2)
Industrial Processes - Cement Production (CO2)
Fuel Combustion - Civil Aviation (CO2)
Industrial Processes - Ammonia Production (CO2)
Energy
Industrial Processes
Solvent and Other Product Use
Fuel Combustion - Navigation (CO2)
Agriculture - Manure Management (N2O)
Fuel Combustion - Railways (CO2)
Agriculture
Waste
20%
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Contribution of Key Source Categories to
Trend Assessment
Figure 2a: Contribution of Key Source Categories to Trend Assessment - (No LULUCF)
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
Fuel Combustion - Public Electricity and Heat Production (CO2)
Industrial Processes - Adipic Acid Production (N2O)
Fuel Combustion - Manufacturing Industries and Construction (CO2)
Fuel Combustion - Road Transportation (CO2)
Fuel Combustion - Manufacture of Solid Fuels and Other Energy Industries (CO2)
Fugitive Emissions - Oil and Natural Gas (CH4)
Industrial Processes - Aluminium Production (PFCs)
Industrial Processes - Consumption of Halocarbons (HFCs)
Fugitive Emissions - Oil and Natural Gas - Venting and Flaring (CO2)
Fuel Combustion - Railways (CO2)
Fuel Combustion - Other Sectors (CO2)
Industrial Processes - Other (Undifferentiated Processes) (CO2)
Industrial Processes - Iron and Steel Production (CO2)
Fuel Combustion - Petroleum Refining (CO2)
Fugitive Emissions - Coal Mining (CH4)
Industrial Processes - Aluminium Magnesium Production (SF6)
Industrial Processes - Aluminium Production (CO2)
Energy
Industrial Processes
Fuel Combustion - Civil Aviation (CO2)
Fuel Combustion - Other Transport (CO2)
Agriculture - Enteric Fermentation (CH4)
Solvent and Other Product Use
Agriculture
Waste
18%
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Data Collection and
Improvements:
introduction
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Data Collection and Improvements
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FCCC Article 4, KP Article 10 and IPCC Guidelines and Good
Practice Guidance require ongoing data improvements
Data quality improvement is an integral part of national inventory
planning and inventory quality management cycle
Goals are to:
 Increase the accuracy and quality of inventory, activity data and
emission factors
 Ensure completeness of inventory
 Refinement of estimation models
 Implementation of GPG
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Strategy begins with assessment of UNFCCC ERT reviews and
domestic reviews (quality assurance)
Focus on key categories for the most efficient use of resources
Collection of Meta data also important (on methods, assumptions,
circumstances, scale of the data collected etc.)
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Data Improvements - Challenges
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Institutional arrangements:
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Constitute a pillar to ensure data collection needs
are met
Contribute to ensuring consistency, continuity and
quality in data provision/delivery
Time and Resource Constraints:
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Delegation of Roles & Responsibilities
Quality control on new incoming data
Temporal and spatial consistency of data sets
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Institutional
Arrangements for
Canada’s Inventory
The GHG Inventory – Current Roles & Responsibilities
Natural Resources
Canada
Statistics Canada
Energy & Other Activity Data
Census of Agriculture
Natural Resources Canada
Canadian Forest Service (CFS)
Energy Forecasting
Division
Emissions Data &
Energy Analysis
Energy & Greenhouse
Gas Forecast
Environment
Canada
Exchange
(Other Groups)
Specialty Surveys &
Research
Specific Emissions
Data
Activity Data
Environment Canada
Greenhouse Gas Division
Agriculture Canada
Specialty Emissions Expertise
Industry
Industries &
Associations
Some Emission Data,
Activity Data, Research
& Information
Mandatory Facility
Reporting
•Determines appropriate methods, EF’s and
data –performs QC / QA
•Develops emission/removal estimation
methods and GHG estimates.
•Prepares, publishes & reports National
Inventory, Fact Sheets, and GHG Indicators
•Develops standards & protocols for
estimating and verifying domestic
greenhouse gas emission reductions and
•Provides guidance & outreach services
Review
(GHG System)
(June 1, 2005)
Additional Peer Review
•Environmental and Industry Stakeholders informal QA
•Federal/Provincial Colleagues (Other – MARs partners)
•Federal Departments (NRCan; AgCan, Industry Canada)
PRODUCTS
Consulting Groups
(Inventory Agency)
INPUTS
Agriculture Research Data
Some Emissions & Removals
National
Greenhouse Gas
Inventory
•National Inventory Report (NIR)
•Trends Fact Sheets & GHG
Indicators
•Reporting Guidance
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Data Improvements Energy
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Energy Statistics – Strengths & Weaknesses
Annual Report on Energy Supply & Demand – Key Source of Data.
Strengths
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Captures all energy use including internally produced and consumed energy.
Differentiates between fuels used for industrial processes and fuels used for electricity.
Differentiates between energy products used for energy purposes and non-fuel use (e.g.
natural gas and petroleum coke).
Provides information for a large number of energy commodities at a fine level of detail.
Weaknesses
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Reliance on information provided by suppliers of energy
Energy consumption data for key sectors such as oil and gas
More industry detail required for key sectors
Alternative and emerging transportation fuels
Little provincial energy consumption data
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Energy Sector - Data Improvements
Joint Working Groups
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Federal Government (Statistics Canada/Natural Resources
Canada and Environment Canada)
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Improvement and refinement of energy and fossil fuel data
by:
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Additional Quality Assurances through enhanced reviews of
national energy balances, and
reviews of the industrial consumption of energy balance
Providing technical input to the energy surveys’ reporting
instruction
Canadian Industrial Energy End Use Analysis Centre
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University Centre of Excellence, Industry and Government
Refinement of non-commercial refinery fuel emission factors
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Energy Sector - Data Improvements
Canadian Petroleum Products Institute (CPPI)
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Joint study undertaken with CPPI EC/NRCAN
Refinement and improvement of the data quality, the
estimation model and emission data for the petroleum
refining industry
 1990-2002 GHG Inventory of Emissions
 Inclusion of additional GHG sources to ensure
completeness (i.e., venting and flaring, emissions from
off-road mobile sources)
 Reviewed and approved by industry members
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Energy Sector - Data Improvements
Aviation Methodology
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Revised method to improve allocation between domestic and
international
Incorporates the use of tonne-kilometer activity data reported by
Canadian airlines both domestically and abroad
Allocates the fuel sold using a comparison of passenger traffic.
Initial assumption that 50% of total international tonnekilometers flown by Canadian airlines, subsequently revised to
69%.
Comparison with data generated by external fuel consumption
models (SAGE – USA and AERO2K – UK) which employ a
“Flight Path by Aircraft type” evaluation.
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Data Improvements –
Industrial Processes
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Industrial Processes - Data Improvements
PFCs and CO2 from Aluminium Production
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Previously plant specific emissions not available and estimates
derived from national production, and national EFs and prorated to
plants based on capacity
Aluminium Association of Canada (AAC) provided data in 2004 on
PFC and CO2 process emissions for 1990-2003, at plant level.
Plant production data and documentation provided in support of
estimates.
Third party audit reports also provided on GHG emission
accounting methods and estimates.
An agreement to secure continuation of voluntary data delivery for
future years is being negotiated.
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Industrial Processes - Data Improvements
Consumption of HFCs
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Previously activity data for HFC consumption collected through periodic
surveys – details on data use patterns uncertain.
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Estimation model for HFCs emitted from cooling and refrigeration systems
was not adequately addressing the growth in the stock of HFCs as held
within the existing systems.
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Recent survey undertaken to obtain updated HFC activity data
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Estimation model for HFC emissions reviewed and modified by industry
experts to capture a higher rate of replacement of CFCs by HFCs.
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An agreement to secure continuation of voluntary data delivery for future
years is being negotiated.
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Industrial Processes - Data Improvements
Inclusion of New Industrial Process Sources
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SF6 activity data from magnesium casters and power utilities not previously
available.
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Study undertaken in 2004 provided survey data for SF6 consumption in the
magnesium casting industry, for 1990-2003.
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SF6 consumption in the power utility sector was estimated based on the
quantity of SF6 purchased from suppliers for most years and where these
data were unavailable alternative approaches, such as comparisons with
imports of SF6 and consumption SF6 in other sectors.
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Uncertainties in the estimates were reduced by reconciling survey data
received from distributors of SF6 and data received from magnesium
casters.
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An agreement to secure continuation of voluntary data delivery for future
years is being negotiated with both casting facilities and the Canadian
Electricity Association.
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Data Improvements –
Agriculture and Waste Sectors
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Agriculture - Data Improvements
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Recent switch to Tier 2 methods for enteric fermentation and
CH4 from manure management required enhanced data
gathering
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University of Guelph and University of Manitoba studies (2004):
 Data collection to characterize cattle and other animal
production practices (productivity, performance, feeding,
volatile solids…)
 Updated distribution of Animal Waste Management Systems
by animal type
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Collection tool: expert surveys and consultations in each region
with cattle specialists, industry associations, researchers.
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Waste - Data Improvements
CH4 Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal on Land
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Landfill per capita disposal rate not updated since 1994
Waste model parameters (CH4 generation rate constant k)
and CH4 generation potential Lo) also require updating to
reflect wide ranging conditions across the country.
Studies underway to move towards a statistical basis for
waste disposal data collection rather than extrapolated
values from waste generation rates.
Study to be initiated this year to examine waste model
parameters (methane generation rate constant k) and
methane generation potential Lo)
Landfill sites owners and operators are being asked to
provide annual landfill gas capture data.
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Data Improvements –
Land Use, Land-Use Change and
Forestry
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Monitoring, Accounting and Reporting System (MARS)
for LULUCF
Steering Committee
Agriculture Canada
Environment
Canada
Agriculture
Working Group
Forestry
Working Group
Earth Science
Sector -NRCan
Canadian Wildlife
Service- EC
Canadian Forest
Service
Statistics Canada
Land Use, LandUse Change
Working-Group
Canadian
Space
Agency
LULUCF – Data and Model Improvements
(Forests)
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Forest Inventory: CanFi, provincial inventories, new
National Forest Inventory
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Growth and Yield information (including from provincial
and corporate sources)
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Disturbance data (fires, insects outbreaks, harvesting...)
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National Afforestation Inventory
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Into CBM-CFS3
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LULUCF – Data and Model Improvements
(Cropland and Grasslands)
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Census of Agriculture as basis
Targeted surveys (tillage data, farm management
practices...)
Satellite imagery: 22 agriculture “stack sites” being
put in place for complete enumeration (rule setting
and uncertainty analysis)
Into Century Model → emission factors
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LULUCF – Data Improvements
(Land Use and Land-Use Change)
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Large number of widely diverse, inconsistent and
incomplete data sets, either planned or existing:
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Inventories: Forest, Census of Ag
Earth Observation data: Forest 2000, Ag “stack sites”, limited
deforestation
Large effort needed for data integration in spatially
consistent LU and LUC datasets
Trends toward greater role of EO-based
measurements
Gaps to fill: settlements, wetlands, northern lands
LULUCF – Challenges and Limitations
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GPG requirement for consistency of land representation, KP
requirements for spatially referenced reporting
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Size of country, diversity of ecozones and LU/LUC patterns
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Data reconciliation (across time, space and scales)
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Gap between research and operational methods (models,
remote sensing)
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Complexity of multi-partner initiatives
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Data Improvements –
Additional Areas
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Mandatory GHG Reporting from Large Facilities
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On March 13, 2004, the Minister of the Environment, on behalf of the
government of Canada, announced Phase 1 of the GHG reporting
system in the Canada Gazette
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Phase 2, to be in place by 2007, will:
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requires reporting of 2004 GHG emissions by June 1, 2005
targets largest emitters - reporting threshold of 100 kilotonnes annually
captures all 6 GHGs (CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6)
national coverage at the facility level
data will be published by facility, except where confidential
Collect more information, other than GHG emissions, such as energy and fuel
use
Prescribe standard methods for calculating GHG emissions
Lower threshold for reporting which would increase coverage of emitters
Ultimate System will increase precision of national inventory & support
compliance with reduction targets