ormagi daniSnulebis magaliTebi leqcia # 15

1. mimoxilva • sadao kvleva

– slaidebi 2 - 8

• maimunis yvavili

– slaidebi 9 - 14

• poliovirusis sinTezi

– slaidebi 15 – 18

• gripis virusi

– slaidebi 19

• yvavilis virusis virulentoba

– slaidebi 20-21

2. sadao kvleva (i)

• finkis angariSi. Tavi1 – sasicocxlo mecnierebebSi dRes – “ormagi daniSnulebis” dilema – biologiuri saomari saSualebebis mokle istoria* – aSS politika da biologiuri da toqsiuri iaraRis konvenciis Seqmna – *danarTi X: biologiuri saomari saSualebebi istoriaSi

3. sadao kvleva (ii) • finkis angariSi. Tavi1 (gagrZeleba)

– axali safrTxe – sasicocxlo mecnierebebSi “sadao kvlevebis” bolo drois magaliTebi – sasicocxlo mecnierebebis sazogadoebis pasuxi wina gamowvevebze – komitetis datvirTva da procesi

4. sadao kvleva (iii)

• sasicocxlo mecnierebebi dRes – “biologiurma mecnierebebma ukanaskneli saukunis ganmavlobaSi udidesi zrda ganicada…” – “ukiduresad farTo kvleviTma saqmianobam Sedegad gamoiRo mravali axali…produqti, romlebic gardaqmnian medicinas…” – “bioteqnologiuri kvleva amJamad WeSmaritad globaluri saqmianobaa…” – “kvleviT saqmianobasTan erTad gavrceleba hpova publikaciebma da personalmac…”

5. sadao kvleva (iv)

• sasicocxlo mecnierebebi dRes (gagrZeleba) – “mecnieruli codnis swrafad gavrceleba da gamoyeneba moxda kvlevis kulturis gamo, rodesac mecnierebi erTmaneTs uziareben codnasa da biologiur masalebs da xalxi advilad icvlis universitetebs, samTavrobo saagentoebs, da kerZo industrias Soris. ucxoeli studentebis da doqtorantebis didi raodenoba aris biologiuri kvleviTi saqmianobis warmatebis arsebiTi nawili. samecniero samuSao Zala sul ufro metad internacionaluri xdeba…”

6. sadao kvleva (v)

• ormagi daniSnulebis dilema – “ ormagi daniSnulebis bioteqnologiuri kvlevis mowesrigeba aris didad sadao teqnikuri, politikuri, da sazogadoebrivi sakiTxi. SeiaraRebis kontrolisa da ganiaraRebis enaze ormagi daniSnuleba niSnavs samoqalaqo miznebiT Seqmnil teqnologiebs, romlebic aseve samxedro miznebiT SeiZleba iqnas gamoyenebuli…” – “…ZiriTadi sakiTxia, SeiZleba Tu ara araswor gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebuli riskebis Semcireba ise, rom kvlevis gagrZeleba SeiZlebodes.”

7. sadao kvleva (vi) • axali safrTxe

– “yvela ZiriTadi teqnologia - metalurgia, asafeTqebeli saSualebebi, Sida wva, aviacia, eleqtronika, birTvuli energia – intensiurad gamoiyeneba, ara mxolod mSvidobiani miznebiT, aramed mtruliTac. bioteqnologiasac, romelic momavali saukunis upiratesi teqnologia iqneba, igive daemarTeba…?”

8. sadao kvleva (vii)

• axali safrTxe (gagrZeleba) – “… im saukunis ganmavlobaSi, romelic es-esaa daiwyo, Cveni SesaZleblobebi gardavqmnaT fundamenturi sasicocxlo procesebi iseT swraf winsvlas ganicdis, rom Cven SevZlebT vipovoT damatebiTi gzebi ara marto sicocxlis gardavqmnaT igi –Semecnebis, ganviTarebis, gamravlebis da Stamomavlobis procesebis CaTvliT. samyaro, romelSic es SesaZleblobebi farTod gamoiyeneba mtruli miznebiT, iqneba samyaro, romelSic Tavad konfliqtis buneba iqneba radikalurad secvlili. amdenad uprecedento SesaZleblobei Seiqmneba danaSaulebisaTvis, daSinebisaTvis, represiis an damorCilebisTvis.”

9. maimunis yvavili (i)

• “… SesaZlo bioteroristuli gamoyenebiT kvlevis gavrcelebis yvelaze aRsaniSnavi bolodroindeli SemTxevva iyo angariSi ….

ectromelia

zogma igrZno, ro,m am statiis virusis (maimunis yvavili) Stamis bioinJineriis moulodneli Sedegis Sesaxeb, romelsac daxmareba unda gaewia Tagvebis mospobaSi gamoqveyneba teroristebs miscems ruqas yvavilis virusis ufro virulenturi stamis bioinJineriiT Seqmnisaken, romelic gaumklavdeba adamianis imunur sistemas, maTsac ki, vinc vaqcinirebulia…”

10. maimunis yvavili (ii)

• “ statiis avtorebma miznad daisaxes SeeqmnaT infeqciuri imunokontraceptivi veluri TagvebisaTvis Tagvis ganayofierebuli kvercxujredidan aRebuli genis CarTviT avtorebi Seecadnen gaezardaT gazrdida …”

ectromelia

virusis genomSi. vinaidan kvercxujredis virusuli antigenis eqspresiam unayofoba ar gamoiwvia,

ectromelia

virusis virulentoba im imediT, rom is imunur pasuxs

11. maimunis yvavili (iii)

• “ isini daeyrdnen adre gamoqveynebul naSroms … romelSic aRwerili iyo … eqspresias

in vivo

IL-4 genis Canergva virusul genomSi da amrigad mis mometebul unda gaeZlierebina

vaccinia

virusi TagvebSi. mometebul eqspresias adgili aqvs albaT konkurentuli citokinebiT, rogoricaa IL 2… gamowveuli antivirusuli imunuri pasuxis supresiis gamo, romlebis muSaobs imunuri efeqtori ujredebis stimulirebiT da klavs virus inficirebul ujredebs da amrigad akontrolebs virusul infeqcias .”

12. maimunis yvavili (iv)

• “…Semdeg maT aCvenes, rom es Seqmnili maimunis yvavilis virusi bevrad ufro virulenturi iyo, vidre mSobeli virusi da klavda Tagvebis 60%, im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac Tagvebi genetikurad rezistentul Stams ganekuTvnebodnen. kidev ufro moulodneli iyo maTi dakvirveba, rom Tagvebi, romlebic vaqcinirebuli da srulad rezistentulebi iyvnen mSobeli virusis mimarT, …kvdebodnen IL-4 gen eqspresirebuli virusisagan.”

13. maimunis yvavili (v)

• “ zogma igrZno, ro,m am statiis gamoqveyneba teroristebs miscems ruqas yvavilis virusis ufro virulenturi stamis bioinJineriiT Seqmnisaken, romelic gaumklavdeba adamianis imunur sistemas, maTsac ki, vinc vaqcinirebulia …. iyo SeTavazeba, rom an statia ar unda gamoqveynebuliyo, an sul cota “masalebisa da meTodebis seqcia” …unda SeecvalaT an sruliad gamoetovebinaT gamoqveynebul statiaSi…”

14. maimunis yvavili (vi)

• mizezebi publikaciisaTvis?

– “…pirveli, codna am eqsperimentis Sesaxeb samecniero sazogadoebas saSualebas aZlevs gaigon, rogor SeiZleba ajobon amgvar genuri inJineriiT Seqmnil virusebs…” – “…meored, is gvTavazobs, rom Cven mzad unda viyoT amgvari genuri inJineriiT Seqmnil virusebiT gamowveuli infeqciebis samkurnalod, romelTac aqvT antisxeulebi, romlebic axdens Sesabamisi citokinebis inaqtivacias, gama interferoniT, romelic daamarcxebs IL-4 - s, an oriveTi…”

15. poliovirusis sinTezi (i)

• “yimerma kolegebTan erTad moaxsena, rom maT qimiurad sinTeZirebuli oligonukleotidebidan seqmnes poliovirusi maTi erTmaneTTan dakavSirebiTa da SemdgomSi ujredSi canergviT. am ambavma sainformacio saSualebebis didi yuradReba miipyro da mosaxleobis nawilSi SeSfoteba gamoiwvia….aman…mosaxleoba daafiqra bioterorizmis sesaxeb, radgan fiqrobdnen, ro uimerma teroristebs miawoda recepti virusis dasamzadeblad…”

16. poliovirusis sinTezi (ii)

• “ mravalma mecnierma daaskvna, rom uimeris eqsperimenti arc axali aRmoCena iyo, da arc potenciur safrTxes Seicavda. zogadi principi, rom SeiZleba cocxali poliovirusis Seqmna dnm-is safuZvelze jer kidev 1981 wels iyo cnobili, rodesac baltimorma kolegebTan erTad moaxsena, rom xelsayrel pirobebSi SesaZlebelia poliovirusis genomis rnm-is dadebiT jaWvze agebuli dnm-is aslis ujredSi Canergva, da Sedegad kafsulirebuli infeqciuri virusis miReba …”

17. poliovirusis sinTezi (iii)

• “ Cven gavaumjobeseT meTodika, da zalian SevamcireT sinTeturi oligonukleotidebisadan dnm-is 5-6 kb segmentebis zustad awyobisaTvis saWiro dro. rogorc testi am meTodikisaTvis, Cven davadgineT qimiurad sinTezirebuli oligonukleotidebis ubralo nakrebisagan baqteriofagis  X174 (5,386 bp) sruli infeqciuri genomis swrafad (14 dReSi) awyobis pirobebi …”

18. gripis virusi (iv)

• “A gripi iwvevs swrafad gavrcelebad epidemiebs, vinaidan is adamianidan adamianze aerozolis saxiT advilad gadadis. ukanasknelma movlenebma aCvena transfeqciiT A A 1997 wels gavrcelebuli gripis virusis, rogorc bioteroristuli iaraRis potenciali”: hong kongSi A gripis virusis maRali virulentoba da helperi virusis gareSe dnm-is gripis virusis Seqmnis laboratoriuli meTodebi …”

19. yvavilis virusis virulentoba (i)

• “

Variola major

aris 30 - 40% virusi iwvevs yvavils, romlis sikvdiloba , xolo

vaccinia

virusi, romelic adamianebis yvavilis winaaRmdeg vaqcinirebisaTvis gamoiyeneba, imunokompetentur adamianebSi sikvdils ar iwvevs….orive viruss gaaCnia imunuri pasuxis fermentebis inhibitori - vaqcinia virusis komplementis kontrolis cila (vaccinia virus complement control protein - VCP) da yvavilis virusis komplementis kontrolis cila ( genebis Sedarebaze…” smallpox inhibitor of complement enzymes - SPICE). avtorebma yuradreba gaamaxviles am inhibitoris

20. yvavilis virusis virulentoba (ii)

• “… vinaidan cocxali

variola

Znelad Sesaswavlia, maT gamoiyenes SPICE genis sinTezis standartuli meTodika. maT aRm,oaCines, rom

variola

–s adamianis komplementisadmi specifiurobis ufro maRali xarisxi gaaCnia, da asjer ufro aqtiuria adamianis imunuri sistemis am komponentis inaqtivirebaSi, vidre VCP (adamianis komplementis komponenti human complement component C3b)…”

sanimuSo SekiTxvebi

1. eTanxmebiT mezelsonis mosazrebas, rom arsebobs seriozuli safrTxe, rom Tanamedrove sasicocxlo mecnierebebi upiratesad mtruli miznebiT iqneba gamoyenebuli? Tu eTanxmebiT, ra gziT SeiZleba amis Tavidan acileba? Tu ar eTanxmebiT, moiyvaneT Tqveni argumentebi da detalurad ganixileT erTi maTgadni..

2. ganixileT maimunis yvavilis eqsperimenti. unda gamoqveyndes es naSromi samecniero literaturaSi? moiyvaneT argumentebi Tqveni Sexedulebis dasasabuTeblad.

3. “vimeris mier poliovirusis sinTezi ar iyo ormagi daniSnulebis problemuri kvlevis magaliTi. imsjeleT.

4. SeiZleba gripis virusi gamoyenebuli iyos, rogorc

bioterorizmis/ biologiuri saomari saSualebis seriozuli agenti?

wyaroebi

( slaidi

2)

National Research Council (2004)

Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism.

Washington: National Academies Press. Available from http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10827&page=15 ( slaidi

4)

National Research Council (2004)

Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism.

Washington: National Academies Press. Available from http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10827&page=16 (slaidebi 5 da 6)

N

ational Research Council (2004)

Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism.

Washington: National Academies Press. Available from http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10827&page=18

(

slaidi

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eselson, M (2000) Averting the Hostile Exploitation of Biotechnology,

The CBW Conventions Bulletin

, June 48, 16-19. Available from http://www.sussex.ac.uk/Units/spru/hsp/pdfbulletin.html

( slaidi 8) National Research Council (2004)

Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism.

Washington: National Academies Press. Available from http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10827&page=23 ( slaidi 9) National Research Council (2004)

Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism.

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Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism.

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(

slaidebi

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slaidi

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(

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Cello, J., Paul, A. V., and Wimmer, E. (2002) Chemical Synthesis of Poliovirus cDNA: Generation of Infectious Virus in the Absence of Natural Template, Science 297(5583), 1016 – 1018. Available from http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/1072266 (Slide 16) National Research Council (2004) Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism. Washington: National Academies Press. Available from http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10827&page=28

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