Transcript THE BIOLOGICAL AND TOXIN WEAPONS CONVENTION

ormagi daniSnulebis bioeTikis zrda
leqcia # 13
1. mimoxilva
•ormagi daniSnuleba, rogorc eTikuri sakiTxi
– slaidebi 2 – 3
•ormagi daniSnulebis mecnierebasTan asocirebuli movaleobebi
– slaidebi 4 – 9
•daZabuloba sargebelsa da riskis analizs Soris
– slaidebi 10 – 12
•gamafrTxilebeli principi
– slaidebi 13 – 16
•samecniero publikaciebisa da usafrTxoebis debuleba
– slaidebi 17 - 18
•gadawyvetilebis miReba ormagi daniSnulebis dilemebisaTvis
– slaidebi 19 - 20
2. ormagi daniSnuleba, rogorc eTikuri sakiTxi (i)
ormagi daniSnulebis dilema wamoiWreba biologiur da sxva
mecnierebebSi kvlevis konteqstSi, rogorc im faqtis Sedegi, rodesac
samecniero kvlevis erTidaigive nawils aqvs potenciali gamoyenebul
iyos rogorc zianis, aseve sargeblis mosatanad.
3. ormagi daniSnuleba, rogorc eTikuri sakiTxi (ii)
ormagi daniSnuleba warmoSobs eTikur SekiTxvas: unda viqonioT Tu ara
agenti, romelic moralurad aris pasuxismgebeli im qmedebis Sedegebze,
rodesac es Sedegebi mosalodneli ar iyo, da, rodesa, zog SemTxvevaSi,
agentis kontrols scdeboda?
is gvekiTxeba, aris Tu ara piri moralurad dakavSirebuli upirates
gafrTxilebasTan Tavidan aicilos arasasurveli momavali Sedegebi.
4. ormagi daniSnulebis mecnierebasTan asocirebuli movaleobebi
(i)
• zianis ar-miyenebis bioeTikuri principis (valdebulebis, rom ar daazianoT)
ambobs, rom zianis ar miyeneba exeba ara marto gamiznul qmedebebs,
aramed zianis riskis Seqmnasac.
• amrigad, individebma SeiZleba miayenon ziani an daayenon riskis qveS
meore adamiani boroti ganzraxvebis gareSe – da, Sesabamisad, moralurad
iyvnen amaze pasuxismgebeli.
5. ormagi daniSnulebis mecnierebasTan asocirebuli movaleobebi
(ii)
arsebobs zianis ar miyenebis valdebulebis xuTi kriteriumi. mkvlevarebi unda
cdilobdnen, rom ar miayenon ziani, rac niSnavs:
-
Tavisi profesiuli pasuxismgeblobis farglebSi
Tavisi profesiuli unarebis da SesaZleblobebis farglebSi
gaazrebulad ganWvretadi riski
proporciulad ufro didi, vidre sargebeli
sxva saSualebebiT ufro advilad miRweva ar SeiZleba.
6. ormagi daniSnulebis mecnierebasTan asocirebuli movaleobebi (iii)
avtorebi gvTavazoben Semdeg eTikur valdebulebebs:
- moaxdinon bioterorizmis prevencia
- CaerTon bioteroristuli Setevebis sapasuxo saqmianobaSi
- gansazRvron Tavisi kvlevebis uaryofiTi zemoqmedeba
- ar gamoaqveynon an gaaJReron mgrZnobiare informacia
- gaakontrolon da SezRudon saSisi masalebis xelmisawvdomoba
- moaxsenon saeWvo qmedebebis Sesaxeb
7. ormagi daniSnulebis mecnierebasTan asocirebuli movaleobebi (iv)
avtorebi askvnian, rom:
“ufro gaazrebuli valdebulebebi aris movaleobebi gaiTvaliswinon kvlevis
potenciuri uaryofiTi ganviTareba, daicvan mgrZnobiare masalis, teqnologiisa
da codnis xelmisawvdomoba, da moaxsenon saeWvo qmedebebis Sesaxeb.
pasuxismgebloba agreTve moicavs valdebulebas Tavidan aicilon mosalodneli
da maRali albaTobis ziani.”
8. ormagi daniSnulebis mecnierebasTan asocirebuli movaleobebi (v)
“aq sakiT xi dgas ara imaSi, ramdenadaa mecnieri pasuxismgebeli
Tavisi qmedebis mosalodnel Sedegebze, aramed ramdenadaa is
pasuxismgebeli Tavisi kvlevis Sedegebis ganWvretaze, maT
prevenciaze, da agreTve Zalisxmevaze iwinaswarmetyvelos amgvari
Sedegebi.”
9. ormagi daniSnulebis mecnierebasTan asocirebuli movaleobebi (vi)
es avtori gvTavazobs, rom zogadi movaleobebi ar Sedis ormag daniSnulebaSi, rac aris
damRupveli, da ramdenadac kontrolirebadia, saWiroebs daxmarebas mis prevenmciaSi.
amas mivyevarT ufro specifiur movaleobebamde, rac moicavs:
- ar awarmoon romelime garkveuli tipis kvleva
- sistematiurad gaiTvaliswinon ormagi daniSnulebis sakiTxebi, raTa gafrTxildnen
maTgan gamowveuli zianisagan
- auwyon oficialur pirebs amgvari safrTxis Sesaxeb
- ar gaacnon Sedegebi sazogadoebas, saidumlod Seinaxon saSiSi mecnieruli codna
10. daZabuloba sargebelsa da riskis analizs Soris (i)
rac dgas riskis qveS, aris akademiuri Tavisuflebis da samecniero
progresis Tavisufleba sazogadoebis uflebis winaaRmdeg ar dadges
kvlevis gamo riskis qveS.
11. daZabuloba sargebelsa da riskis analizs Soris (ii)
eTika moiTxovs davicvaT balansi uflebebsa da movaleobebs Soris.
biologiur mecnierebebSi ormagi daniSnulebis kvlevebis eTikuri
analizi cdilobs gazomos realuri da potenciuri sargebeli da riskebi,
da am sargeblebisa da riskebis realuri da potenciuri recipientebi/
mtareblebi.
12. daZabuloba sargebelsa da riskis analizs Soris (iii)
“saRi azris pozicia mdgomareobs imaSi, rom miRweul unda iqnas kompromisi erTis
mxriv gavrcelebisa da mecnieruli progresis uflebasa da usafrTxoebis/sazogadoebrivi
janmrTelobis moTxovnebs Soris, meores mxriv. am TvalsazrisiT Cven drodadro unda
mogvindes patara Sewirvebis gakeTeba sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobisa da/an
usafrTxoebis mxares, rodesac saWiroa miviRoT udidesi sargebeli mecnierebaSi
progresis mxridan; da zogjer mainc unda gvindodes sul cota patara Sewirvebis
gakeTeba, , rodesac saWiroa miviRoT udidesi sargebeli mecnierebaSi progresis mxridan
sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis da /an usafrTxoebisaTvis.”
13. gamafrTxilebeli principi (i)
gamafrTxilebeli principi (gp) Sedgeba gadawyvetilebis miRebis principisagan, romelic
exeba im SemTxvevebs, rodesac ucnobi albaTobiT SeiZleba warmoiSvas seriozuli gverdiTi
movlenebi. gp-s fundamenturi mesiji aris, rom “zog SemTxvevaSi unda miviRoT SesaZlo
saSiSroebis sawinaaRmdego zomebi maSinac ki, rodesac xelmisawvdomi mtkicebuleba ar
adasturebs amgvari saSiSroebis arsebobas, rogorc mecnierul faqts'.
14. gamafrTxilebeli principi (ii)
gamafrTxilebeli principi Cadebulia biologiuri dacvis mraval qcevis kodeqsSi.
magaliTad,
“yvela piri da instituti, romlebic CarTuli arian sasicocxlo mecnierebebis romelime aspeqtSi.
. . unda ecados akrZalon ormagi daniSnulebis informaciis da codnis gavrceleba mxolod im
pirebze, romelTa Sesaxebac aris seriozuli safuZveli sjerodeT, rom informacia an codna
SeiZleba advilad iqnas gamoyenebuli bioterorizmis an ibologiuri saomari
saSualebebisaTvis.”
15. gamafrTxilebeli principi (iii)
arsebobs oTxi ZiriTadi konceptualuri ganzomileba, romlebic Cveulebriv
Cndeba gamafrTxilebeli principis sxvadasxva versiebSi: safrTxe, gaurkvevloba,
direqtiva da qmedeba.
amrigad: “Tuki arsebobs (1) safrTxe, romelic (2) gaurkvevelia, maSin zogierTi
(3) qmedeba aris (4) savaldebulo”.
16. gamafrTxilebeli principi (iv)
avtorebi gvTavazoben gamafrTxilebeli princips ormagi daniSnulebisaTvis:
“rodesac da sadac arsebobs seriozuli da safuZvliani eWvi, rom kanonierad
miRebuli biologiuri masala, teqnologia an codna sasicocxlo mecnierebebSi
atarebs safrTxes adamianis JanmrTelobisa da usafrTxoebisaTvis, samecniero
sazogadoeba valdebulia SeimuSavos, gaataros, da miiRos gamafrTxilebeli
zomebi am eWvis sawinaaRmdegod.”
17. samecniero publikaciebisa da usafrTxoebis debuleba (i)
“Cven vaRiarebT, rom SemTxveviTredaqtorma SeiZleba daaskvnas, rom publikaciis
Sedegad potenciuri ziani gadawonis sazogadoebisaTvis potenciur sargebels. amgvar
pirobebSi statia unda gadakeTdes an saerTod ar qveyndeba. Jurnalebma da samecniero
sazogadoebebma seiZleba iTamaSos mniSvnelovani roli mkvlevarebis mowodebaSi
gamoaqveynon Tavisi kvlevebis Sedegebi ise, rom is sazogadoebis sargebels maqsimalurs
gaxdis da minimumamde daiyvans arasworad gamoyenebis risks.”
18. samecniero publikaciebisa da usafrTxoebis debuleba (ii)
“debuleba ambobs, rom zogjer redaqtori iRebs gadawyvetilebas mgrZnobiarobis
Sesaxeb, magram aranairi safuZveli ar gvaqvs vifiqroT, rom redaqtorebi, an saerTod
samecniero sazogadoeba am SemTxvevaSi gansakuTrebiT kvalificirebuli arian, raTa
gansajon usafrTxoebis riskebi. am sakiTxebis garkvevis dros mniSvnelovania, Tu
ramdenad unda iyvnen mTavroba, bioeTikis specialistebi da/an usafrTxoebis
specialistebi CarTuli samecniero mgrZnobiarobis sakiTxebSi.”
19. gadawyvetilebis miReba ormagi daniSnulebis dilemebisaTvis (i)
- calkeuli mecnieris sruli avtonomia
- instituciuri kontroli
- instituciuri da samtavrobo kontrolis narevi
- damoukidebeli avtoriteti
- sruli samTavrobo kontroli
20. gadawyvetilebis miReba ormagi daniSnulebis dilemebisaTvis (ii)
bioeTikis mraval specialists miaCnia, rom mxolod Sereulma mmarTvelobam,
romelic Sedgeba samecniero sazogadoebisagan samTavrobo struqturebTan
erTad SeiZleba gadaWras ormagi daniSnulebis dilema. imis gadawyveta Tu vin
aris pasuxismgebeli mocemul SemTxvevaSi, iqneba “konteqstidan
gamomdinare”.
sanimuSo SekiTxvebi
1. ratom aris ormagi daniSnuleba eTikuri problema?
2.romlebia eTikuri pasuxismgeblobebi, romlebsac eTikosebi aweseben im mecnierebisaTvis,
romlebic ormagi daniSnulebis sakiTxebze muSaoben? eTanxmebiT Tu ara maT da
tatom/ratom ara?
3. ra aris gamafrTxilebeli principebi da ra kavSirSia is ormag daniSnulebasTan?
4. ra variantebi arsebobs eTikuri gadawyvetilebebis miRebisaTvis ormagi daniSnulebis
konteqstSi da romeli variantebia saukeTeso Tqvenis azriT?
wyaroebi
(slaidi 2)
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the Dual-Use Dilemma in the Biological Sciences, Science and
Engineering Ethics 13(4). 523-580. Available from
http://www.springerlink.com/content/n514272v537582vv/
(slaidi 3)
Kelley, M. (2006) Infectious Diseases Research and Dual-Use Risk, Virtual
Mentor 8(4). 230-234. Available from http://virtualmentor.amaassn.org/2006/04/pfor1-0604.html
(slaidi 5)
Kuhlau, F., Eriksson, S., Evers, K., and Hoglund, A. (2008) Taking Due Care:
Moral Obligations in Dual Use Research, Bioethics 22(9) 477-487. Available
from http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121452418/abstract
(slaidi 8)
Dando, M. R. (2009) ‘Bioethicists Enter the Dual-Use Debate’, Bulletin of
Atomic Scientists 20 April. Available from
http://www.thebulletin.org/webedition/columnists/malcolmdando/bioethici
sts-enter-the-dual-use-debate
Ehni, H-J. (2008). Dual Use and the Ethical Responsibility of
Scientists Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
56(3) 147-152. Available from
http://www.springerlink.com/content/vh61601545017112/
(slaidi 13)
Kuhlau, F., Hoglund, A., Evers, K., and Eriksson, S. (2009) A
Precautionary Principle for Dual Use Research in the Life
Sciences, Bioethics, [Early View] Available from
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122499297/abstract
(slaidi 14)
Somerville, M. A., and Atlas, R. A. (2005) Ethics: A Weapon to
Counter Bioterrorism, Science 307(5717) 1881-1882. Available
from
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/307/5717/1881
(slaidi 17)
Journal Editors and Authors Group. (2003) Uncensored Exchange
of Scientific Results, PNAS 100(4) 1463-1464. Available from
http://www.pnas.org/content/100/4/1464.full