Transcript THE BIOLOGICAL AND TOXIN WEAPONS CONVENTION

biologiuri iaraRi civi omis periodSi
leqcia # 4
1. mimoxilva
• II msoflio omis dasasrulisaTvis
– slaidebi 2 - 3
• aSS programa
– slaidebi 4 - 11
• aSS-s saqmianobis naTesebis sawinaaRmdego aspeqtebi
– slaidebi 11 - 16
• sabWoTa programa
– slaidebi 17 - 20
2. omis dasasrulisaTvis
• kanadelebis daintereseba
– “…1944 wlis gazafxulze…dazvervis angariSSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom
germanelma samxedroebma Tavis arsenals botulizmi daumates…”
– “…kanadis samxedro xelmZRvanelobaze didi STabeWdileba
moaxdina... eqsperimentebma, romlebmac aCvena, rom botulizmi
efeqturi iaraRia…”
3. botulizmis toqsini, rogorc biologiuri iaraRi
• “botulizmis toqsini aris yvelaze momwamlavi cnobili nivTiereba….toqsini aris TuTiis
proteinaza, romelic Slis 1 an met hibridul cilas, romelTa saSualebiTac neironuli vezikulebi
neirokunTovani dakavSirebis adgilebSi gamohyofs acetilqolins..”
• “…botulizmis didi afeTqebebis dros Cndeba didi moTxovnileba sasunTq aparatebze,
intensiuri Terapiis sawolebze, da gamocdil personalze, romelsac SeuZlia imuSaos
adgilobrivi saSualebebiT da kvirebis an Tveebis manZilze…”
4. aSS programis etapebi
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kvleva da dagegmva (1946 – 49)
gafarToeba koreis omis dros (1950 – 53)
reorganizacia (1954 – 58)
omis SezRuduli periodi (1959 – 62)
damsjeli RonisZiebebisadmi adaptacia (1963 – 68)
ganiaraReba da etapobrivi Semcireba (1973 – 77)
5. 1946 - 1949
• “rodesac II msoflio omi damTavrda, CWS – ma (qimiuri saomari saSualebebis
samsaxuri) ZiriTad misiad gaixada qimiuri iaraRisa da biologiuri iaraRisadmi
mzadyofna mxolod sapasuxo qmedebebis politikis WrilSi…”
• …saqmianoba koncentrirebuli iyo biologiuri iaraRis agentebis kvlevaze da TavdacviT
aspeqtebze; zogi gamoyenebiTi kvleva exeboda gafrqvevis meqanizmebs; kvlevasa da
ganviTarebaze mimafrTuli mniSvnelovani saqmianobis farglebSi adarebdnen II msoflio
omis dors Catarebul cdebs; da mniSvnelovani kvlevebi tardeboda ganviTarebiTi
programebis farglebSi...”
6. 1950 - 53
• “pirveli mokrZalebuli bi sapasuxo saSualebebi miRweul iqna 1951 wels,
rodesac SemuSavda, gamoicada da sahaero ZalebisaTvis warmoebaSi
CaeSva naTesebis sawinaaRmdego Wurvi …”
• “…pirveli didmasStabiani mowylvadobis testi Catarda san franciskos
sanapiroze 1950 wlis seqtemberSi simulantebis, BG, da fluorescentuli
nawilakebis gamoyenebiT…”
7. 1954 – 58 (i)
• “… 1953 wlis ivlisSi, rodesac fain blafis arsenalSi (PBA) didi
warmoebis mSenebloba TiTqmis dasasruls uaxlovdeboda, ….is
amuSavda 1954 wlis gazafxulze, da pirveli produqcia iyo
Brucella suis (undulant cxelebis gamomwvevi
agenti). erTi wlis Semdeg daiwyo momakvdinebeli agentis,
Pastuerella tularensis (tularemia) warmoeba.”
8. 1954 – 58 (ii)
• “…samoqalaqo biologiur dacvaze momuSave jgufi Tvlis, rom F
tularensis aris saSiSi potenciuri biologiuri iaraRi misi
maRali infeqciurobis, advilad gafrqvevis SesaZleblobis, da
daavadebisa da sikvdilis gamowvevis unaris gamo.”
• “…1950-ian da 1960-ian wlebSi amerikelma samxedroebma
SeimuSaves iaraRi, romelic F tularensis -is aerozolis
gafrqvevis saSualebas iZleva…”
9. 1954 – 58 (iii)
• “…sabWoTa gancxadebebSi naTlad iyo gamoTqmuli principi, rom qs da
bs iaraRi momavlis omebSi gamoyenebul unda iyos masobrivi
ganadgurebisaTvis. 1956 wels, gadasinjul bi/qi politikaSi naTqvami iyo,
rom aSS mzad unda yofiliyo bi an qi gamoyenebisaTvis saerTod omis
SemTxvevaSi, raTa samxedro saqmeSi efeqturoba aemaRlebina…”
(originaluri xazgasma)
10. 1959 - 62
• “1959 wlis bolosaTvis qimiuri korpusis misiam II msoflio omis Semdgomi
droidan arnaxul simaRles miaRwia. samxedro samsaxurebi
agzavnidnenmoTxovnebs bi aRWurvilobaze, romelic moicavda saartilerio
gasavrcelebel saSualebebs, raketebs, upiloto TviTfrinavebs, da sxva ufro
mcire zomis iaraRis sistemebs…”
• “1960 wlis zafxulSi qi/bi erovnuli politika… romelic gadasinjul iqna, da
gascda “mxolod sapasuxos” 1958 wlis martSi xelaxla iqna damtkicebuli…”
11. 1963 - 68
• “am periodis TavdacviT programebSi xazgasmuli iyo vietnamis omis
xelSewyoba ….umTavresi… bi Zalisxmeva mimarTuli iyo personalis dacvisa
da naTesebis dacvis agentebze moTxovnis dakmayofilebaze. fain blafis
arsenalSi sawarmos mSenebloba dasrulda, da 1964 – 1967 wlebSi man
ramodenime agenti awarmoa. sxvadasxva tipis bi aRWurviloba gadaizida
da Senaxul iqna …”
12. aSS-s saqmianobis naTesebis sawinaaRmdego
aspeqtebi
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•
•
•
•
dasawyisi
kvleva
testireba
agentebi
samizneebi
13. aSS-s saqmianobis aspeqtebi - dasawyisi
• dazvervisa da presis spekulaciebma germaniis mxridan evropaSi naTesebze SesaZlo bi
Setevis Sesaxeb Sedegad moitana gafarToebuli muSaoba naTesebis sawinaaRmdego
sapasuxo dartymis SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebis mxriv.
• Semdgomi Zalisxmeva amgvari SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebisaTvis gamomdinareobda
sabWoTa sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis saWinaaRmdego bi SesaZleblobebis Sesaxeb
aSS dazvervis angariSebis gaurkvevlobidan omis Semdgom periodSi.
14. aSS-s saqmianobis aspeqtebi - kvleva
• qvemoT moyvanili aCvenebs aSS mikrobul naTesebis
sawinaaRmdego programas , romelic daiwyo 1940-iani wlebis
dasawyisSi da gagrZelda 25 wlis manZilze :
“Stamebis SerCeva…, zrdis optimaluri pirobebis da kulturis aRebis
teqnikis SemuSaveba da maTi kargad gafrqvevisaTvis momzadeba.”
15. aSS-s saqmianobis aspeqtebi – agentebi da
aRWurviloba
• 1949 wlisaTvis warmodgenili iqna moxseneba, romelSic naTqvami iyo, rom
SesaZlebeli iyo aSS-s mier mcenareuli paTogenebis warmoeba. : “80 akri inficirebul
marcvleulian parTobidan SeiZleba SEvagrovoT erTi tona sporebi…[da] mcenareuli
paTogenebis sakmarisi raodenoba, raTa sapasuxo dartyma mivayenoT [SesaZlebeli
iqneba] miviRoT …eqvs TveSi”.
• warmoebul da Senaxul iqna sokovani naTesebis sawinaaRmdego 5 paTogenis didi
raodenoba. sxvadasxva saxis iaraRi, danawevrebuli Wurvebis, zondiani Wurvebis,
jgufuri aRWurvilobis da raketebis CaTvliT, da yvelaferi es mzad iyo gamosayeneblad
16. aSS-s saqmianobis aspeqtebi – samizneebi
• “1950ian wlebSi aSS-s SesaZleblobebi Sefasebuli iyo, rogorc strategiuli upiratesoba,
da aseve rogorc yofili sabWoTa kavSirisa da CineTis mxridan komunisturi agresiis
mogeriebis unari.
• ssrk-sTan mimarTebaSi erT angariSSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom erTi saxeobis sakvebi
metad dazaraldeba, Tuki xorbalze Seteva warmatebuli iqneba…”
• meore aRniSnavda, rom “CineTis kontinenti gansakuTrebiT mowylvadi Cans
brinjis sawinaaRmdego saomari saSualebebis mimarT…”
17. sabWoTa programa (i)
• “sazogadod sjeraT, rom sabWoTa kavSirs hqonda yvela qveyanaze ufro
farTo, yvelaze aqtiuri biologiuri iaraRis programa. Zalian gasaidumloebuli
programa, romelic gafarTovda sabWoTa komunisturi partiis centraluri
komitetis 1973 wlis gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze, gagrzelda sul cota 1992
wlis 6 martamde…. programa moicavda taqtikuri da strategiuli bi
sistemebis SemuSavebasa da ganawilebas. fiqroben, rom am programaSi
CarTuli iyo daaxloebiT … 25,000-dan 60,000-mde adamiani…”
18. sabWoTa programa (ii)
• “oci wlis manZilze…. Cveni faruli
programebis saSualebiT, aSS-sa da misi
dasavleli mokavSireebis
sawinaaRmdegod Cven davagroveT
asobiT tona jilexi da aTobiT tona Savi Wiri
da yvavili moskovis maxloblad da ruseTis
sxva adgilebSi.”
• “is, Tu ra xdeboda biopreparatis
laboratoriebSi, aris civi omis yvelaze didi
saidumlo.”
19. sabWoTa programa (iii)
• Savi Wiri
– “…sabWoTa mecnierebs SeeZloT ewarmoebinaT agentis didi raodenoba, romelic
SemdgomSi SeiZleboda iaraRSi moeTavsebinaT.yofil sabWoTa kavSirSi Sav Wirze
muSaobda aTze meti instituti da aTasobiT adamiani…”
– “…fiqroben, rom rusma mecnierebma Seqmnes mravali wamlis mimarT
rezistentuli Y pestis, magram ar arsebobs amis damadasturebeli samecniero
publikacia.
20. sabWoTa programa (iv)
• “…yofili sabWoTa kavSiri… awarmoebda marburgis, ebolas, lasas, da
axali samyaros arenavirusebis did raodenobas….sabWoTa mkvlevarebi
iTvlidnen marburgis virusis aerozolis infeqciurobas mainumebSi, da
gansazRvres, rom mxolod ramodenime virionia saWiro, rom infeqcia
gamoiwvio…. argumentebi, rom efeqturi antivirusuli mkurnalobisa da
vaqcinebis ararseboba Zalian momakvdinebelia kacobriobisaTvis, istoriul
CanawerebSi ar moipoveba.”
sanimuSo kiTxvebi
1. gamoxateT aSS biologiuri saomari saSualebebis programa sami dekadis manZilze biologiuri da toqsiuri
iaraRis konvenciis miRebamde 1972 wels. Seicvala Tu ara biologiuri iaraRis gamoyeneba am droisaTvis?
2. rogor SeuZlia aSS-s gamoiyenos mcenareebis sinTeturi bioregulatori – agenti narinjisferi – vietnamSi, da
rogori momavali eqneba biologiur saomar saSualebebs?
3. ra kritikuli samecniero da iuridiuli gansxvavebebia aSS da yofil sabWoTa biologiuri saomari saSualebebis
programebSi civi omis periodSi?
4. imsjeleT risi gakeTebaa kidev saWiro TavdacviTi zomebis gasaumjobeseblad im ori agentis winaaRmdeg,
romlisganac biolofiuri saomari saSualebebi agkeTda me-20 saukuneSi.
wyaroebi
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