narkopolitika

problemebi da ganviTarebis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi

16 dekemberi,

2009

narkotikebis globaluri moxmareba

msoflios mosaxleoba (15-64 ww): 4,177 milioni (100%) mosaxleoba, romelic ar moixmars aralegalur narkotiks (15-64 ww): 3,977 milioni (95,2%) aralegaluri narkotikebis moxmarebis wliuri prevalentoba (15-64 ww): 200 milioni (4,8%) aralegaluri narkotikebis problemuri moxmareba (15-64 ww): 25 milioni (0,6%)

World Drug Report, 2008

ineqciuri narkotikebis momxmarebelTa prevalentoba msoflioSi

maRali prevalentoba: • • • azerbaijani * estoneTi * • saqarTvelo • ruseTi ukraina * • malaizia * • puerto riko • kanada • mavrikia • avstralia *

wyaro: Global epidemiology of injecting drug use and HIV among people who inject

drugs: a systematic review Bradley M Mathers, et al. Lancet 2008; 372: 1733–45

msoflioSi yovelwliurad narkotikebis momxmarebelTa 2-3% zedozirebiT iRupeba heroinze damokidebulTa Soris sikvdilobis maCvenebeli 6-20-jer aRemateba sikvdilobis maCvenebels igive asakis zogad populaciaSi

wyaro: infeqciuri paTologiis, Sidsis da klinikuri imunologiis centri, 2009

msoflioSi aiv/SidsiT inficirebis SemTxvevaTa 5-10% ineqciuri narkotikebis momxmareblebze modis, magram zogierT qveyanaSi es maCvenebeli 70%-s aRwevs

saqarTveloSi – 59%

wyaro

: EMCDDA European Monitoring Center on Drugs and Drug Addiction, 2006

ZiriTadi problemuri narkotikebi

wyaro: World Drug Report, 2008

narkomaniis gavrcelebis winaaRmdeg

brZolisa

da kontrolis modelebi

amkrZalveli

• prohibicionistuli • represiuli • nulovani tolerantobis

liberaluri

• mxardamWeri • recepturuli • momTmeni • narkotikebis dekriminalizacia • narkotikebis nawilobrivi legalizacia

akrZalva mxolod maSin muSaobs, Tuki mas mxardaWera

arsebobs aqvs sazogadoebisagan da Tuki kontrolis qmediTi meqanizmi

2007 - ra xdeba saqarTveloSi?

wyaro: Behavioural Surveillance Survey among Injection Drug Users GFATM 2008-2009

2007 - ra xdeba saqarTveloSi?

pirveli moxmareba

wyaro: Behavioural Surveillance Survey among Injection Drug Users GFATM 2008-2009

ineqciuri narkotikebis momxmarebelTa savaraudo raodenoba saqarTveloSi, 2007 weli

• •

“ineqciuri narkotikebis momxmarebelTa savaraudo raodenobis Sefaseba koeficientebis meTodis gamoyenebiT” 18-65 asakis mosaxleoba, saqarTvelo, 2007 weli

Estimating the Prevalence of Injecting Drug Use using multiplier-benchmark method sul ineqciuri narkotikebis savaraudo momxmarebeli

39,000 - 41,000

prevalentoba qveyanis masStabiT

1,46% - 1,53%

prevalentoba mixedviT baTumi zugdidi Tbilisi gori Telavi qalaqebis 7,97% 4,63% 4,03% 3,61% 1,30%

wyaro:

Programme of Assistance for the Prevention of Drug Abuse and Drug Trafficking in the Southern Caucasus _ SCAD-5 Programme 2008-2009

narkotikebis moxmareba 16 - 17 wlis mozardebSi saqarTvelo, 2009 weli 22% Tvlis, rom kanabisi advilad mosapovebelia yovel mexuTe moswavles gasinjuli aqvs narkotiki kanabisi bolo 12 TveSi yovel meaTes kanabisi bolo 30 dReSi 3%-s eqstazi -7.5 % amfetaminebi -2% kreki - 1% heroini da kokaini 0.6% wyaro:

The Alcohol and Other Drug Use in Georgian Students, pilot study rigorously following criteria of

European School Project on Alcohol and Other Drug (ESPAD), SCAD Programme, 2009

ar xorcieldeba farTomasStabiani prevenciuli RonisZiebebi ar arsebobs narkotikebis momxmarebelTa aRricxvi-anobisa da epidemiologiuri zedamxedvelobis sistema sakadro uzrunvelyofis mwvave deficiti instituciuri infrastruqtura ver pasuxobs Tanamedrove moTxovnebs ra xdeba saqarTveloSi?

narkologiuri momsaxureba ZiriTadad xelmiuwvdomelia qveyanaSi praqtikulad ar arsebobs arc erTi srulfasovani sareabilitacio dawesebuleba m e b i p r o b l e

narkoviTareba saqarTveloSi: saqme gvaqvs epidemiasTan?!

narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli safrTxe saqarTveloSi xasiaTdeba mudmivi zrdis tendenciiT 1994-2004 ww narkotikebis momxmarebelTa oficialurad registrirebuli raodenoba 9-jer gaizarda eqspertuli SefasebiT, narkotikebis momxmarebelTa da narkotikze damokidebulTa savaraudo raodenobam 250 aTass gadaaWarba 2002-2006 ww narkotikis moxmarebis dawyebis saSualo asaki saqarTveloSi 3,5 wliT gaaxalgazrdavda narkotikebis moxmareba aRiniSneba TiTqmis yvela socialur fenaSi ukanasknel wlebSi qalebsa da gogonebSi narkotikebis momxmarebelTa ricxvi mniSvnelovnad gaizarda

narkoepidemia

I ეტაპი •” ბოჰემური ” წრეები II ეტაპი • ასოციალური და კრიმინალური ჯგუფები III ეტაპი • მოსახლეობის ფართო ფენები IV ეტაპი • ყველა სოციალური ფენა და ასაკობრივი ჯგუფი კულტურის განუყოფელი ნაწილი

ra SeiZleba mohyves narkoepidemiis Semdgom eskalacias

kriminogenuli situaciis garTuleba sazogadoebis inteleqtualuri resursebis gaRaribeba Sromisunarianobisa da produqtiulobis daqveiTeba narkotikebis moxmarebiT sazogadoebisaTvis miyenebuli samedicino da socialuri zianis zrda narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli problemebis gadawyvetaze mimarTuli finansuri danaxarjebis zrda

narkotikuli saSualebebis legalizacia

narkotikuli saSualebebisa da fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis mTliani mimoqcevis kanonierad cnoba, maT Soris: narkotikebis Semcveli nivTierebebis kultivireba axali narkotikebis Seqmna narkotikebis warmoeba eqsport-importi ganawileba gayidva es niSnavs fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis kultivirebaze, warmoebaze, gavrcelebasa da moxmarebaze legaluri SezRudvebis moxsnas wyaro: UNODC UN Office on Dugs and Crime, 1992

narkotikuli saSualebebis

dekriminalizacia

gulisxmobs fizikuri pirebis sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobisagan ganTavisuflebas narkotikuli saSualebebisa da fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis arasamedicino mizniT moxmarebis gamo, imisda miuxedavad, narkotikebis mimoqceva legalizebulia Tu ara es niSnavs sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis moxsnas aralegaluri fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis

piradi moxmarebisaTvis flobaze, Senaxvasa da moxmarebaze

wyaro: UNODC UN Office on Dugs and Crime, 1992

ar arsebobs erTi da samudamod swori politika, romelic nebismier sazogadoebas gamoadgeboda narkotikebisadmi Tanamedrove politikis irgvliv arsebul mravalricxovan debatebs xSirad uwodeben “debatebs legalizaciis Sesaxeb” , rac arasworia ufro swori iqneboda, davarqvaT “debatebi regulirebis Sesaxeb” , radgan maTSi ZiriTadi sakiTxi ara imdenad prohibicionizmsa da legalizacias Soris arCevanis gakeTebaa, ramdenadac aralegalur narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli situaciis regulireba es ki yvela qveyanam sakuTari Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT unda gadawyvitos

prevenciis definicia

pirveladi (moxmarebis dawyebis) prevencia • axali momxmareblebis raodenobis Semcireba meoradi prevencia (moxmarebis gagrZelebis) • arsebul momxmarebelTa raodenobis Semcireba mesameuli prevencia - zianis Semcireba • momxmareblebisaTvis, aramomxmareblebisa da sazogadoebisaTvis narkotikebiT gamowveuli janmrTelobis/samarTlebrivi/socialuri zianis donis Semcireba

narkomaniis pirveladi prevencia

axalgazrdebSi inteleqtualuri, pirovnuli da socialuri kompetenciis Camoyalibebis xelSewyoba

g a r e m o s z e g a v l e n a faqtorebi, romlebic zemoqmedeben mozardze interpersonuli faqtorebi Tanatolebi pirovnuli Tvisebebi socialuri unarebi skola pirovnuli faqtorebi

axalgazrda Taoba saqarTveloSi krizisul socialur-fsiqologiur mdgomareobaSi imyofeba • • • • dangreulia qcevis uwindeli moZvelebuli stereotipebi, normatiuli da RirebulebiTi sistema axali stereotipebisa da faseulobebis Camoyalibeba xdeba qaosurad da usistemod axalgazrdebs ar gaaCniaT is unar-Cvevebi, romlebic maT jansaRi da efeqturi cxovrebiseuli stilis CamoyalibebaSi daexmareboda socialuri garemos mzardma moTxovnebma Seqmna masobrivi fsiqoemociuri daZabulobis atmosfero, ramac, sxva faqtorebTan erTad, ganapiroba axalgazrdebs Soris narkotikebis moxmarebis katastrofuli gavrceleba im adamianebs, visac urTierToba aqvs bavSvebTan da mozardebTan – pirvel rigSi, mSoblebsa da pedagogebs, ar gaaCniaT saTanado codna da unar Cvevebi saimisod, rom bavSvebs fsiqologiuri da socialuri mxardaWera aRmouCinon, daexmaron cxovrebiseuli siZneleebis gadalaxvasa da jansaRi qcevis formirebaSi

strategiuli siaxle: narkomaniis pirveladi prevencia upirvelesi prioritetia ZiriTadi RonisZiebebi erTiani, mravalsafexuria ni antinarkotikuli aRzrdis sistemis Seqmna Temze orientirebuli prevenciuli programebis Seqmna da implementacia axalgazrdebis Tavisufali drois organizeba narkotikebis moxmarebis prevencia samuSao adgilebz e prevencia ufro efeqturi da iafia, vidre mkurnaloba

prevenciuli muSaobis mizani

prevencia warmoadgens RonisZiebaTa sistemas, romelic mimarTulia arasasurveli movlenis aRmocenebis Tavidan acilebaze fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis moxmarebis prevenciis mizania axalgazrdebis mier cnobierebis Semcvleli nivTierebebis moxmarebaze uaris Tqma Tuki 10-dan 21 wlamde asakobriv SualedSi axalgazrda ar daiwyebs narkotikebis moxmarebas, imis albaToba, rom es adamiani narkomanebis ricxvSi aRmoCndeba, minimaluria

prevenciuli ganaTlebis arsi

adamianma unda gaacnobieros is WeSmariteba, rom TviTon aris pasuxismgebeli sakuTar janmrTelobaze romelime fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebis gasinjvamde unda hqondes obieqturi warmodgena imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra Sedegi SeiZleba mohyves am nivTierebis moxmarebas miRebuli codna unda iqces qcevis realur motivad obieqturi informaciis garda, adamians unda gaaCndes is unar-Cvevebi, romlebic xels uwyobs konkretul situaciaSi swori gadawyvetilebis miRebas da mis ganxorcielebas

fsiqologiuri "imunizacia”

janmrTelobisadmi adekvaturi damokidebuleba TviTkmarobis gancda sakuTari Tavis pativiscemis grZnoba Tavdajerebuloba konstruqciuli urTierTobebis damyareba koleqtiur interesebSi CarTuloba energiisa da potencialis realizeba narkotikuli cdunebisadmi imunitetis gamomuSaveba gadamdebi infeqciuri daavadebebis msgavsad, romelTa prevencia profilaqtikuri acrebis meSveobiT xdeba, gadamdebi arainfeqciuri, anu socialuri daavadebebis Tavidan asacileblad, TiToeul bavSvs esaWiroeba specialuri swavleba

narkopolitika

narkotikebis legalur da aralegalur warmoebasa da maT moxmarebasTan dakavSirebuli saxelmwifo RonisZiebebis mkafiod formulirebuli da mecnierulad dasabuTebuli sistema

ZiriTadi prioritetebi

prevenciis upiratesob a narkotikebisagan Tavisufali cxovrebis xelSewyoba narkotikebismomxmareblebisaTvi sakonsultacio, samkurnalo da sareabilitacio s momsaxurebis uzrunvelyofa aralegaluri narkotikebis xelmisawvdomobis d a narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli danaSaulis Semcireba

kompleqsuri da dabalansebuli midgoma

• • • narkotikebTan da narkomaniasTan dakavSirebuli strategia efuZneba 2 ZiriTad daSvebas:

narkotikebi zians ayenebs sazogadoebis usafrTxoebas (socialuri da kriminologiuri argumenti) narkotikebi zians ayenebs sazogadoebis janmrTelobas (samedicino argumenti)

arsebobs ori ZiriTadi mimarTuleba: sazogadoebis usafrTxoebis politika da sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis politika

sazogadoebis usafrTxoebis politika

narkotikebis mowodebis Semcireba • samarTaldamcavi organoebi

sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis politika

narkotikebze moTxovnis Semcireba • medicina • socialuri sfero • kultura • sporti • ganaTleba • media

sazogadoeba

narkotikebis moxmarebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi ara aqvT problemuri moxmareba problemuri moxmareba 1. narkotiki ar gausinjavT 2. eqsperimentul i moxmareba 3. epizoduri moxmareba surT, Sewyviton narkotikis moxmareba ar surT, an ar SeuZliaT narkotikis moxmarebis Sewyveta

sazogadoeba

narkotikebis moxmarebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi ara aqvT problemuri moxmareba problemuri moxmareba pirveladi prevencia mkurnaloba da reabilitacia zianis Semcireba

strategiis prioritetuli mimarTulebebi moTxovnis Semcireba zianis Semcireba pirveladi prevencia mkurnaloba da reabilitacia mowodebis Semcireba sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi kadrebis momzadeba saerTaSoriso TanamSromloba monitoringi da kvleva sazogadoebasTa n urTierToba koordinacia

narkopolitikis strategiis prioritetebi moTxovnis Semcireba mowodebis Semcireba sakanonmdeblo bazis srulyofa (operatiuli, mudmivi) kadrebis momzadeba saerTaSoriso TanamSromloba monitoringi da kvleva sazogadoebasTan efeqturi komunikacia koordinacia

gansaxorcielebeli qmedebebi grZelvadiani antinarkotikuli strategia da samoqmedo gegma erTiani sakoordinacio organo erTiani, mravalsafexuriani antinarkotikuli aRzrdis sistema kadrebis momzadebis mravalprofiluri sistema gegmazomieri da regularuli kampania

moTxovnis Semcireba dekriminalizacia antinarkotikul i politika mkurnaloba miwodebis Semcireba

politikis formula

kanoni narkotikebze uaris Tqma

samarTaldamcavma organoebma aqcenti narkotikebis momxmareblebisagan narkotikebis gamsaReblebze unda gadaitanon. narkotikze damokidebuleba – es daaavadebaa; am adamianebs sWirdeba mkurnaloba da ara sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis dakisreba. mivmarTav saxelmwifoebs, uzrunvelyon narkologiuri momsaxureobis sayovelTao xelmisawvdomoba.

antonio maria kosta, gaeros narkotikebTan da danaSaulTan brZolis sammarTvelos aRmasrulebeli direqtori. 2009

WeSmariti siamovneba gulisxmobs naTel gonebas da mxolod mas SeuZlia WeSmariti siamovnebis miReba, vinc mzadaa, uari Tqvas wamier siamovnebaze ufro myari da saimedo dakmayofilebis misaRebad

epikuri IV-III saukune Zv.w.a

CineTi

• • • CineTi erTaderTi istoriaSi, nivTierebis, kerZod, opiumis legalizacia xalxs moaxvia Tavze sxva SemTxvevaa roca qveynis msoflio fsiqoaqtiuri mTavrobam indoeTsa da CineTs Soris opiumiT vaWroba 1770-ian wlebSi daiwyo maSindelma britanelma generalma opiumis gadawyvita, eqsportisaTvis gubernatorma, uoren SeSfoTebuli iyo indoeTis mosaxlerobaze zemoqmedebis SeezRuda hastingsma.

SedegebiT opiumis bengaliis is da indoeTSi moxmareba da xeli Seewyo misi CineTSi 1830 wels mxolod erTi britanuli kompania 6000 yuT opiums hyidda, miuxdevad CineTis imperatoris akrZalvisa

CineTi (2)

• • • • CineTis xelisuflebis mcdelobebma, SeeCerebina es eqspansia, 2 e.w opiumis omi gamoiwvia britaneTsa da CineTs Soris, romlebic CineTis damarcxebiT dasrulda CineTis xelisufleba iZulebuli gaxda, mieRo opiumis SeuzRudavi importis moTxovna 1906 wlisaTvis 13,5 milioni Cineli (zrdasruli mosaxleobis 27%) opiumis mweveli iyo 1906 wels specialuri brZanebulebiT aikrZala opiumis kultivireba da moxmareba

“britanuli sistema”

• • • • 1920 wlidan 60-ian wlebamde britanel eqimebs hqondaT opiatebze damokidebulebis mqone pirTaTvis heroinis gamoweris ufleba zogierTi arakeTilsindisieri eqimi am uflebiT piradi gamorCenis mizniT sargeblobda ganviTarda aralegaluri bazari, da samxreT aRmosavleT aziidan romelsac Semohqonda maralxarisxovani heroini iranidan heroinis raodenobis momxmarebelTa ganmavlobaSi Soris sazogadoebis swrafma 30X narkotikebis SeSfoTeba da zrdam gaizarda) moxmarebis da da damokidebulTa (10 wlis axalgazrdebs am politizireba gamoiwvia. amitom eqimebis mier heroinis gamowera mkveTrad SeizRuda gavrcelebam problemis

narkotikebis legalizebis pirveli mcdeloba: aSS

• • • • • 1970-ian wlebSi marixuanas Sesaxeb kanonebis Secvlis mizniT Seiqmna organizacia NORML (marixuanas Sesaxeb kanonebis reformirebis nacionaluri organizacia), romlis saqmianobas afinansebda fondi fleiboi 1973 wels oregonis StatSi kanabisis preparatebis piradi moxmarebisaTvis mxolod jarima dawesda. Semdgomi 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi mas kidev 10 Stati SeuerTda Senaxva dekriminalizebul iqna da amisaTvis swrafad ganviTarda narkoatributikis industria; qveyanaSi gaCnda 30 000-mde e.w.

“hed Sopi”, maRazia, sadac iyideboda narkotikuli Tematikis Semcveli saTamaSoebi, aralegaluri narkotikebis romlebic aswavlidnen narkotikebi moxmarebis atributebi, adamianebs, rogor wignebi, moixmaron broSurebi, sxvadasxva 70-iani wlebis bolosaTvis hedSopebi mravalmilioniani mogebis mqone industriad iqca, saskuTar yovelTviur Jurnalsac ki uSvebdnen “narkoatributikis daijesti” mozardebze mimarTuli musikaluri da kinoproduqcia xotbas asxamda narkotikebis moxmarebas da arwmunebda axalgazrdebs, rom narkotikebi narkotikebis absoluturad “gacnobierebul usafrTxoa.

da zomier” bavSvebs moxmarebas aswvlidnen

narkotikebis legalizebis pirveli mcdeloba:

aSS (2)

• • • • • 1962 wels narkotiki gasinjuli hqonda axalgazrdebis 1% ze naklebs. 1979 wels - saSualo skolis moswavleTa 35%, ufrosklaselTa 65% da skoladamTavrebulTa 70% mkveTrad gaizarda maCvenebeli axalgazrdebs Soris sikvdilianobis Seiqmna mSobelTa gaerTianebebi, daiwyo farTomasStabiani profilaqtikuri muSaoba, mZlavr antinarkotikul moZraobaSi kanonebi CaerTo (moxda narkoepidemia SeCerda saxelmwifo, marixuanas mas-media, Seicvala rekriminalizacia) da 1979 wlidan aSS-Si narkotikebis moxmareba 2X Semcirda.

narkotikebis momxmarebelTa raodenoba 25 milionidan (1979) 13 milionamde Semcirda (1996).

kokainis momxmarebelTa milionamde, raodenoba Semcirda danaSaulebaTa ricxvi – 5,7 narkotikebTan milionidan 1,7 dakavSirebul amerikis prioritetad antinarkotikuli dRemde Tavidan acileba rCeba strategiis narkotikebis umTavres moxmarebis

narkopolitika

aSS

• • • • bolo 4 weliwadSi axalgazrdebs Soris aralegaluri narkotikebis moxmareba 19%-iT Semcirda narkotikebis problemis mogvarebaze pasuxismgebelia narkotikebTan brZolis saagento ( maT Soris – Drug Enforcement Agency, DEA 1000 agenti muSaobs amerikis saelCoebSi msoflios TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi. saagentos wyalqveSa navi ), romelic iusticiis saministros struqturuli erTeulia. am federalur samsaxurSi 5,5 aTasi TanamSromelia (agentia), gankargulebaSi aris 50 TviTmfrinavi, 65 vertrmfreni, 5 narkobiznesTan brZolaSi aqtiurad aris CarTuli gamoZiebis federaluri biuro da policia narkotikebTan brZolis administracia ara mxolod narkobizness ebrZvis – aqtiurad aris CrTuli narkomaniis profilaqtikaSi axalgazrdebs Soris. qveyanaSi arsebobs alkoholizmis nacionaluri instituti, narkologiis nacionaluri instituti, narkomaniis problemze muSaobs 2,500 arasamTavrobo organizacia

Sveicaria

– radikalurad liberaluri politikis “sacdeli poligoni” • • • • 1970-iani wlebis bolos ciurixSi narkotikebis ramdenime “Ria bazari” amas arsebobda, maT Soris, heroinic daemata.

“placpici”, narkotikebis romelSic 1986 wlamde mxolod kanabisiT vaWrobdnen, xolo Semdeg moxmarebis garTulebebis ricxvis mkveTrma zrdam aiZula administracia, gadaexeda Tavisi gadawyvetileba qalaqis 1987 wels 20-ze organizaciebis meti saxelmwifo warmomadgenlebma da daiwyes “nemsebis parkSi” aRmouCendnen (needle samedicino park), sadac daxmarebas, arasamTavrobo muSaoba e.w

narkomanebs reanimaciul RonisZiebebs, awvdidnen prezervativebs da erTjerad Spricebs, sakvebs. hqondaT tualetebi da saSxapeebi miuxedavad dakavSirebuli aseTi momsaxurebisa, problemebi ar janmrTelobasTan Semcirebula, samagierod, gaizarda parkis mimdebare raionebSi danaSaulebaTa ricxvi, narkotikebis momxmarebelTa ricxvi. 1991 wels, qalaqis mosaxleobis moTxovniT, parki daixura Sveicarielebis mcdelobam, moexdinaT narkotikebis problemis geografiuli lokalizeba, marcxi ganicada

ra Tanxa ixarjeba narkomaniis problemis mogvarebaze?

aSS 12,648.000.000 $ didi britaneTi 1,500.000.000 £ avstralia 516.000.000 $ irlandia 182.000.000 € portugalia 160.000.000 € avstria 145.000.000 € fineTi 26.000.000 € luqsemburgi 20.000.000 €

narkomaniasTan brZolis danaxarjebi 1 sul mosaxleze weliwadSi

ra ujdeba aSS-s1 narkomanis Senaxva weliwadSi - ekonomikuri tvirTi amerikul dolarebSi wyaro: United States of America, Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control, Policy Issues and Challenges in Substance Abuse Treatment, 2002 (www.cdc.gov/idu/facts/Policy.htm)

narkomaniis gavrcelebis winaaRmdeg brZolisa da kontrolis modelebi Cinuri • indoeTi, tailandi, korea, nepali, Sri-lanka, mianma (yofili birma) arabuli • arabuli qveynebi amerikuli holandiuri • kanada, meqsika, didi britaneTi, fineTi • niderlandebi, belgia, dania, Sveicaria evraziuli • yofili sabWoTa kavSiris qveynebi skandinaviuri • SvedeTi, norvegia, islandia, fareris kunZulebi

holandiuri modeli

1976 wels niderlandebis parlamentma daakanona 30g marixuanas an haSiSis piradi moxmarebisaTvis Senaxva . mcire droSi parlamentma kidev erTi nabiji gadadga “ legalizaciisaken ” – licenzirebul kafeebSi kanabisis preparatebis Riad gayidvis saxiT. kanafis produqtebis importi, eqsporti, warmoeba da gayidva kafeebis gareT kvlav akrZaluli iyo.

niderlandebi: rogor Seicvala situacia amis Semdeg?

marixuanas bazris mzardi moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad niderlandebSi daiwyes am mcenaris saTburebSi kultivireba am gadawyvetilebidan 20 wlis Semdeg amsterdams mieniWa “ evropis narkodedaqalaqis ” statusi dRes niderlandebi warmoadgens eqstazis tabletebis msoflioSi yvelaze did mwarmoebels dagegmili “ msubuqi ” narkotikebis “ marTvadi bazari xelisuflebis kontrolidan ” mTlianad gamovida

oficialuri statistikiT pirvelive (1976) wels narkomanebis raodenoba samjer gaizarda.

80-iani wlebis Sua periodidan marixuanas momxmarebelTa raodenoba 2-jer gaizarda.

90-ian wlebSi SezRudes marixuanas gayidva erTjeradi gayidvis norma 30g-dan 5g-mde Semcirda niderlandebi : rogor Seicvala situacia amis Semdeg?

licenzirebuli kafeebis ricxvi 3-jer Semcirda amsterdamis gamocdileba evroparlamentma evropis sxva qveynebisaTvis miuReblad scno

Sveduri modeli

narkotikebisadmi nulovani tolerantobis (anu sruli miuReblobis) politika.

policiels ufleba aqvs, nebismieri saeWvo piri gauSvas samedicino Semowmebaze Semowmebis Sedegad gamovlenili narkomani sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT midis an iZulebiT mkurnalobaze, an cixeSi. aseTi midgoma sazogadoebis didi mxardaWeriT sargeblobs. mosaxleobis 94% kanabisis legalizaciis winaaRmdegia, mxolod 2% uWers mxars am ideas .

SvedeTis politikas safuZvlad udevs Semdegi principebi:

xelmisawvdomobis Semcireba iwvevs imas, rom ufro Znelia sasurveli narkotikis Sovna, da, Sesabamisad, naklebi adamiani ecdeba mis mopovebas; dakavebisa da sasjelis maRali riskis gamo TandaTan ufro meti adamiani gadawyvets, ar iqonios saqme narkotikebTan; rodesac mkafiod aris gamoTqmuli pozicia, rom narkotikebis moxmareba TavisTavad danaSaulia, ufro Znelia am qcevis normamde dayvana da moraluri pasuxismgeblobis tvirTi ufro maRalia.

yovelive es xels ar uSlis SvedeTs, iTvlebodes samarTlebriv demokratiul qveyanad

15-34 asakobriv SualedSi kanabisi gasinjuli aqvs: holandiaSi

–

20%-s SvedeTSi

–

1%-s

narkomaniis problema

gavrcelebis siswrafe da araprognozirebadi xasiaTi narkotikebis xelmisawvdomoba ineqciuri narkotikebis masiuri moxmarebis praqtika narkotikebis momxmarebelTa asakis gaaxalgazrdaveba

Spricebis gacvla CanacvlebiTi Terapia savele socialuri muSaoba da TanasworTa ganaTleba narkotikebis moxmarebiT gamowveuli zianis Semcireba

mcire, didi da gansakuTrebiT didi odenobebis nusxa moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT -amonaridi gramebSi dasaxeleba mcire didi efedroni kanafi (mcenare) eqstazi heroini meTadoni 10 1 50 1 1 1 gans. didi 1 250 1 1 1

sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi

1 2

kanoni “narkotikuli saSualebebis, fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis, prekursorebisa da narkologiuri daxmarebis Sesaxeb” saqarTveloSi kontrols daqvemdebarebuli fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis siebi

3

ukanono mflobelobidan an brunvidan amoRebuli kontrols daqvemdebarebuli fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis mcire, didi da gansakuTrebiT didi odenobebis nusxa

4

sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi

5 6

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsi kanoni “sajaro samsaxuris Sesaxeb ”

mTavari sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi

kontrols daqvemdebarebul nivTierebaTa siebis Seqmna narkotikuli saSualebebisa da fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis odenobebis gadaxedva narkotikuli saSualebebisa da fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis momxmareblebis ganTavisufleba sisxlis samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan garkveuli SezRudvebi calkeul profesiul saqmianobebze da maTi ganxorcielebis meqanizmebi

legaluri brunvidan aralegalurSi gadadinebis profilaqtika aralegaluri brunvidan narkotikebis efeqturi amoReba aralegaluri narkotikebis Semotanis prevencia narkotikebis mowodebis Semcireba

narkologia

narkologiuri klinikebis momsaxurebis xarisxis gaumjobeseba narkotikebze damokidebul arasrulwlovanTa, qalTa da narkotikebis moxmarebiT gamowveul socialurad saxifaTo mdgomareobaTa mkurnaloba regionuli narkologiuri centrebis qmediTunarianobis gazrda CanacvlebiTi Terapiis centrebis qselis gafarToeba sareabilitacio samsaxuris amoqmedeba

fsiqologiuri "imunizacia"

anu nebismieri qceviTi gadaxris, da maT Soris, fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis moxmarebis profilaqtika xels uwyobs jansaRi pirovnebis formirebas da saSualebas iZleva, winaswar moxdes bavSvebSi iseTi orientaciisa da ganwyobis Camoyalibeba, roca

fsiqoaqtiuri nivTiereba ar warmoadgens faseulobas da yovelgvari damokidebuleba aRiqmeba, rogorc Tavisuflebis dakargva

ineqciuri narkotikebis momxmarebelTa prevalentoba msoflioSi • • • • • • ineqciuri narkomomxmareblebi identificirebulia 148 qveyanaSi prevalentoba daagariSebulia 61 qveyanaSi (msoflio mosaxleobis 77%) sul 15.9 mln narkotikis in/momxmarebeli (3 mln daavadebulia aiv/SidsiT) yvelaze meti CineTSi, aSS-Si da ruseTSi (aiv/Sidsi Sesabamisad 12%, 16%, 37%) maRali (metia 1%-ze) prevalentobis qveynebi (% Si): azerbaijani(5.21), estoneTi(1.51), saqarTvelo(4.19), ruseTi(1.78), ukraina(1.16), malaizia(1.33), puerto riko(1.15), kanada(1.3), mavrikia(2.07), avstralia(1.09) damuSavebulia 11022 dokumenti: Medline, EmBase, and PubMed/BioMed Central), internet, and grey literature databases; and data requests were made to UN agencies and international experts wyaro:

Global epidemiology of injecting drug use and HIV among people who inject

drugs: a systematic review Bradley M Mathers, et al. Lancet 2008; 372: 1733–45

narkotikebis momxmarebelTa savaraudo raodenoba saqarTveloSi, 1999 - 2008 ww amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis monacemebi minimaluri maqsimaluri monacemTa wyaro 1999 2000 2001 11000 20000 39500 Sss 25000 Sss Sss 2002 2003 60000 150000 2004 240000 2005 12:21:26 240000 2006 240000 oficialuri da araoficialuri wyaroebi 275000 oficialuri da araoficialuri wyaroebi 350000 oficialuri da araoficialuri wyaroebi 350000 350000 oficialuri da araoficialuri

2006 - 2007 ra xdeba saqarTveloSi?

wyaro : ineqciuri narkotikebis momxmarebelTa qcevis zedamxedvelobis kvleva , “sggi/aiv Sidsis prevenciis proeqti”, 2006, 2007

ineqciuri narkotikebis momxmarebelTa prevalentoba qalaqebis mixedviT (%) – 2007 (18 – 65 w.w.) wyaro: Programme of Assistance for the Prevention of Drug Abuse and Drug Trafficking in the Southern Caucasus _ SCAD-5 Programme 2008-2009

“ CanacvlebiT Terapiaze daxarjuli 1 girvanqa sterlingiT 3 -5 girvanqa sterlingi izogeba”

Gossop et al. 2001

“narkomanTa mkurnalobaze daxarjuli TiToeuli dolari 5 -7 dolars zogavs”

Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Studies

“narkomaniis prevenciaSi Cadebuli 1 dolari zogavs 10 dolars”

Aos et al. 2001; Hawkins et al. 1999; Pentz 1998; Spoth et al. 2002

aSS-Si saskolo antinarkotikuli prevenciuli programis ganxorcielebis Sedegad 2 wlis ganmavlobaSi mozardebSi alkoholis moxmareba Semcirda 24%-iT, Tambaqosi – 19%-iT, xolo marixuanasi – 38%-iT

The RAND Corporation, 2003