chapter1 Name Quality Quantity

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Transcript chapter1 Name Quality Quantity

Chapter 1 Name、 Quality、 Quantity and
Packing of commodity
The International Trade School of Shandong Economic University
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Content
1.1 Name of commodity
1.2 Quality of commodity
1.3 Quantity of commodity
1.4 Packing of commodity
Contract specimen
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1.1 Name of Commodity
 Contents of name
clause
 Attentions
 International Trade
Classification
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Classification of International Trade Commodity
海关合作理事会税则目录
联合国国际贸易标准分类
Customs Cooperation Council
Nomenclature (CCCN)
United Nations Standard
International trade
Classification (SITC)
协调商品名称和编码制度
Harmonized Commodity Description and
Coding System --- H.S.Code Jun.14,1983.
21类、97章、1241个编码、5019子目。
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CASE FOR NAME OF COMMODITY
我国一进出口商出口苹果酒一批,国外
开来信用证货物品名为“Apple Wine”,
我方为单证一致起见,所有单据上均用
“Apple Wine”。不料货到国外后遭海关
扣留罚款,因为该批酒的内外包装上均写
的是Cider字样。
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2、命名方法:
以其主要用途命名:织布机
以其所使用的主要原材料命名:羊毛衫
以其主要成分命名:西洋参皇浆
以其外观造型命名:喇叭裤
以其褒义词命名:青春宝
以人物名字命名:孔府家酒
以制作工艺命名:精制油
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喇叭裤
迷你织布机
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1.2 Quality of Commodity
1.2.1 Definition and importance of quality clause

The outward appearance and the essential quality P16.
1.2.2 Demand to quality


Import Commodity P17
Export Commodity P19
1.2.3 Methods of describing quality of the goods
P19.

Sales by Actual Quality P19

Sales by Description
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P20
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Sales by Sample
 Arts and Crafts, garments, light industry products and
agricultural native product are generally sold by
sample. To avoid disputes upon the quality of goods,
the method of Sealed Sample can be applied if
necessary. In practice, it can be classified as follows:


Sale by seller’s sample
Sale by buyer’s sample
 Attention: infringement of Industrial Property
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Relative concept of sample
original sample (原样) / type sample (标准样品)
keep sample (留样) / duplicate sample (复样)
return sample (回样) / counter sample (对等样品)
sealed sample (封样)
reference sample(参考样品)
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Example
Sample NT002 Plush Toy Bear Size 24”
• strictly same as sample
• quality to be about equal to the sample /
quality to be similar to the sample
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Sale by Description
Specifications P22.
Grade or standard
Standard
Brand/Trade Mark
Name of Origin
Descriptions and Illustrations
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Sales by Specification
Specifications are detailed descriptions of the
goods to be sold. They include composition,
content, purity, strength, size, etc, for example, is
as follows:
Plain Satin Silk:
Width Length Weight Composition
(inch)
(Yds)
(m/m)
55
38/42
16.5
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100% Silk
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Sales by Grade
The same kind of commodities with different
specifications may be classified into different
grades, such as large, medium, or small. For
example:
Fresh Hen Eggs , shell light brown and clean , ever
in size P23.
Grade AA: 60 — 65gm per egg
Grade A : 55 — 60gm per egg
Grade B : 50 — 55gm per egg
Grade C : 45 — 50gm per egg
Grade D : 40 — 45gm per egg
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Grade F : 35 —课件
40gm
per egg
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“F.A.Q”和“G.M.Q”

“良好平均品质”(Fair Average Quality)一般
是指农副产品每个生产年度(季度)的中等货
或某一季度或某一装船月份在装运地装运出口
的同一种商品的“平均品质”。合同中除表明
“F.A.Q”外,最好订有具体规格。

“尚好可销品质”(Good Merchantable Quality)
一般是指卖方所交货物应为“品质尚好,合乎
商销”。
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Sales by Standard
Which means that grade are laid down and proclaimed in
a unified way by governmental departments or
commercial organizations of a country.
Eg: Rifampicin B.P.1993
• Female Mink Overcoat
Full Let Out Made
Chinese Standard
Body Length 120×115cm
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ISO9000(GB/T19000)
ISO9000 —— 质量管理与质量保证标准
ISO9001 —— 设计开发生产安装与服务的质
量保证模式;
ISO9002 —— 生产与安装的质量保证模式;
ISO9003 —— 最终检验与试验的质量保证模式;
ISO9004 —— 质量管理与质量体系要素;
ISO14001 —— 环境管理体系认证标准;
中国质量认证中心 http://www.cqc.com.cn/
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Sales by Brand or Trademark
Most industrial products are represented by
brands or trademarks. Their quality
remains unified and unchanged. For
example:

Bright Brand infant Milk Power, Protein 55%
Min., fat 5% Max. P25.
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Sale by Description and Illustration
Machines, apparatuses instruments, and complete
sets of equipment are apt to sell by this mode.
For example :“quality and technical data to
be strictly in conformity with the description
submitted by the seller”
“品质和技术数 据必须与卖方提供的产品说明
书严格相 符”
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Quality clause in contract
机动幅度(Quality Latitude) :允许卖方交
货品质可在一定幅度内机动掌握。
 规定范围:允许品质指标差异的范围。
 规定极限:允许品质规格变动的上下限。
 规定上下差异:允许品质指标上下变动幅
度。
品质公差(Quality Tolerance) :允许卖方
交付货物的特定质量指标有公认的误差。
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Clause of Quality Latitude
规定范围
• Yarn-dyed Gingham Width 41/42”
规定极限
• Fish Meal
Protein
55 % Max
Fat
9 % Max
Moisture
11 % Max
Salt
4 % Max
Sand
4 % Max
规定上下差异
• Grey Duck Feather Soft Nap 18% allowing
1% more or less
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茶叶等级案例
中方某公司与国外某客商成交龙井茶
一批,合同要求二级茶叶,卖方实际交
货时发现二级茶叶库存已尽,便在未征
得买方同意情况下,以一级茶叶抵充二
级茶叶交货,并电告买方“一级茶叶仍
按二级茶叶计价,不另外收费”。问:
卖方这种做法是否妥当?为什么?
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1.3 Quantity of Commodity
 1.3.1 Significance of quantity clause(P27)
 1.3.2 Unit of measurement
 Measuring unit
 Measuring system
 1.3.3 Calculation of weight
 By gross weight
 By net weight
 By conditional weight
 By theoretical weight
 1.3.4 Quantity latitude
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Measuring system
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公制( Metric System)
英制( British System)
美制( U.S. System)
国际单位制(International System of Units)
我国采用的是以国际单位制为基础的法定计量
单位。《中华人民共和国计量法》第三条中明确规
定:“国家采用国际单位制。国际单位制计量单位
和国家选定的其他计量单位为国家法定计量单位。”
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Calculation of weight
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1、按毛重(gross weight)为准(大宗低值商品);
如:Fish Meal in Gunny Bags of 50 Kg gross for net .
2、按净重(net weight)为准;
按净重交易时,计算皮重(Tare)的四种方法
3、按公量(conditioned weight)为准;
4、按理论重量(theoretical weight)为准(按固定规格生产
和买卖的商品);
5、按法定重量(legal weight)为准(海关从量税标准);
6、按净净重(net net weight)为准(海关征税)(贵重商
品) ;
相关链接:《公约》第56条:如果价格是按货
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物的重量规定的,如有疑问,应按净重确定
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有关公量的计算:
<内容>某厂出口生丝10公吨,双方约定
标准回潮率是11%,用科学仪器
抽出水分后,生丝净剩8公吨。
<问题>某厂出口生丝的公量是?
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水分
10-8
<解答1 > 实际回潮率= 干量 = 8 *100%
公量=
=25%
实际重量(1+标准回潮率)
1+实际回潮率
10(1+11%)
=
1+25%
=8.88(公吨)
答:该批生丝的公量为8.88公吨。
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<解答2 > 净剩的8公吨为干量,
公量=干量+标准含水量
=8+8*11%
=8.88(公吨)
答:该批生丝的公量为8.88公吨。
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Quantity latitude
• 合同中未明确规定
• 约量法(Approximately or About)
• 溢短装条款(more or less clause)
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Approximate or About Clasuse
使用“约”数(Approximate or About)条款
来表示实际交货数量时,由于“约”数的含义在国
际
贸易中有不同解释,容易引起纠纷,如果买卖双方
一定要使用“约”数条款时,双方应事先在合同中
明
确允许增加或减少的百分比,或在“一般交易条件”
协议中加以规定,否则不宜采用。
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《Ucp500》第39条A款
凡“约\近似\大约”或类似意义的词语用
于
涉及信用证金额或信用证规定的数量或单价时,
应解释为允许有关金额、数量或单价可有10%
的增减。
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《Ucp500》第39条B款
除非信用证规定货物数量不得增减,只要支
取的金额不超过信用证金额,则可有5%的增减
幅度。但当信用证规定的数量按包装单位或以
个数计数时,则此增减幅度不适用。
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商品数量案例
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某外贸公司对中东某国家出口电风扇1000台。国
外开来信用证规定不允许分运。但到出口装船才发
现有40台的包装破裂,有的风罩变形,有的开关脱
裂。临时更换已来不及。为了保证出口产品质量,
发货人认为,根据《跟单信用证统一惯例》的规定,
即使不准分运,在数量上也允许有5%的伸缩。如少
装这40台并未超过5%。实际装船960只,当持单到银
行议付时,遭到银行拒绝。
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数量机动幅度条款
1、定义:又称溢短装条款(More or Less clause)
[例] 10 00公吨,4%增减,由买方选择;增减部分按合同价格
计算。 。
可溢装或短装的百分比
2、内容:
溢短装的选择权
溢装部分的作价
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3、订好机动幅度注意事项:
(1)幅度大小合理。
(2)选择权规定要合理。
(3)溢装数量计价要合理。
4、机动幅度的适用
使用矿砂、化肥、食糖等散装的、数量较大的、不易控制
的货物。
订立数量条款注意事项
(1)明确数量。大约、大概等。
(2)明确单位。
吨。
(3)合理规定数量机动幅度。1000台 2%增减。
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1.4 Packing of commodity
 1.4.1 Importance of packing
 1.4.2 Shipping package
 1.4.3 Sales package
 1.4.4 Neutral package
 1.4.5 Stipulation of packing clause
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Classification of
shipping package
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单件包装(single-piece packing):
箱(wooden case; crate; carton; corrugated carton ;
桶(iron drum ; wooden cask)
袋(gunny bag ;cloth bag ; plastic bag ; paper bag)
捆包(bundle ; bale) 罐(can) 篓(basket)
瓶(bottle ; cylinder) 坛(demijohn ; carboy)
集合包装(muster packing):
集装箱(container) 托盘(pallet)
集装袋(Flexible container )
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Mark of shipping package
 运输标志(shipping mark)
 指示性标志( indicative mark)
 警告性标志( warning mark)
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运输标志(shipping mark)
运输标志又称“唛头”或“唛
LP
收/发货人的名称代号、
简单的几何图形。
SAN FRANCISCO
目的港或目的地的名称
件号
NO.1/100
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Sales packing
销售包装(selling packing)又称小包装(small
packing)或内包装(inner packing )、直接包装(
immediate packing),销售包装除了保护商品外,还
能美化和宣传商品。
components
classification
便于陈列展销类
•装潢画面
便于识别商品类
•文字说明
便于使用类
•条形码
便于保存类
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Neutral packing
Neutral packing is the one that makes no mention
at all of the name of the country producing the
goods and the name of the manufacturer on the
commodity and on the outer and inner packages.
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Packing clause in contract
 To be packed in new strong wooden cases / cartons
suitable for long voyage and well protected against
dampness, moisture, shock, rust and rough handling.
The Seller shall be liable for any damage to the
goods due to improper packing and for any damage
attributable to inadequate or improper protective
measures taken by the Seller. In such case all losses
and/or expenses incurred shall be borne by the Seller.
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商品的包装案例
案例2:我某公司出口某种化工原料,共500公
吨。合同规定以“单层新麻袋,每袋50公斤”
包装。但我方装船发货时发现新麻袋装的货物
只够450公吨,剩余50公吨货物用一种更结实,
价格也较麻袋贵的涂塑麻袋包装,结果被对方
所索赔。
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