Transcript saqarTvelos sagareo vaWrobis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi

saqarTvelos sagareo vaWrobis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi vaWrobis msoflio
organizaciis (WTO)-s xelSekrulebis sazRvrebSi
TamTa miqaberiZe
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti
Tbilisi
2010w
naSromis struqtura
• msoflio ekonomikaSi saerTaSoriso vaWrobis ganviTarebis tendenciebi;
• WTO-s wevri ganviTarebadi da gardamavali qveynebis sagareo vaWrobis
ganviTarebis tendenciebi;
• saqarTvelos sagareo vaWrobis ganviTarebis xelSemwyobi da xelSemSleli procesebi
WTO-Si gawevrianebis Semdeg;
• saqarTvelos ekonomikuri zrdisa da sagareo vaWrobis ganviTarebis damokidebulebebi .
bazris liberalizacia Tu
proteqcionistuli politika?
• Ria ekonomikis formireba;
• WTO-Si gawevrianeba;
• liberalur savaWro politikaze orientacia
saqarTvelos savaWro politika
• bmuli tarifebi
- seqtoruri iniciativebi
- gamoricxvebi
• momsaxurebiT vaWrobaSi specifikuri valdebulebebi
- saqarTvelom moxsna SezRudvebi poziciebis 54%-ze;
- susti ekonomikis qveynebSi analogiuri maCvenebeli Seadgens saSualod 7%-s;
- SedarebiT mdidari qveynebisTvis – 25%
saqarTveloSi moqmedi savaWro reJimebi



•
•
Cveulebrivi (vmo-s arawevr qveynebTan);
upiratesi xelSewyobis (wevr-qveynebTan da/an visTanac aris Sesabamisi ormxrivi xelSekruleba);
preferencialuri, maT Soris:
Tavisufali vaWrobis reJimi (dsT-s qveynebTan)
prefernciaTa ganzogadebuli sistemis (GSP) reJimi:
- evro-kavSiris 25 wevri saxelmwifosgan ;
- - Sveicariisagan
- kanadisagan,
- iaponiisagan
- aSS-sagan;
- TurqeTisagan;
sagareo vaWroba 2009 wels
qveynebi
eqsporti
improti
brunva
saldo
(FOB)
(CIF)
237 643,60
1 309 229,20
1 546 872,80
-1 071 585,60
Sveicaria
2 290,60
34 634,30
36 924,90
-32 343,70
kanada
117 224,10
14 148,50
131 372,60
103 075,70
iaponia
4 561,40
60 077,10
64 638,50
-55 515,70
aSS
36 933,90
226 730,10
263 664,00
-189 796,20
TurqeTi
226 191,20
788 036,60
1 014 227,80
-561 862,60
norvegia
570,1
4 593,00
5 163,10
-4 022,90
evrokaSiris qveynebi
WTO-Si gawevrianebis
Semdgomi dadebiTi movlenebi
 eqsportisTvis daSvebis pirobebis gaumjobeseba mravali qveynis bazarze;
 importze tarifebis optimizacia;
 sabaJo gadasaxadebis Semcireba saqarTveloSi importirebul mowyobilobaze, naxevarfabrikatebsa da nedleulze
 upiratesi xelSewyobis reJimi 148 qveyanasTan;
 preferenciuli vaWrobis geografiis gafarToveba (GSP aSS-sTan)
WTO-Si gawevrianebis
Semdgomi dadebiTi movlenebi
•
•
•
•
sagareo vaWrobis maregulirebeli kanonmdebloba da procedurebis daxvewa:


Semcirda sabaJo mosakrebeli (0,3%-dan 0,15%-mde);
Semcirda savaldebulo sertifikaciis daqvemdebarebeli produqciis nusxa (62%-iT);

daixvewa licenzireba - nebarTvebis sistema
pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebis mozidva;
saqarTvelos interesebi saerTaSoriso savaWro urTierTobabSi daculia vmo-s davebis mogvarebis
mravalmxrivi meqanizmebiT;
saqarTvelom miiRo ufleba awarmoos ormxrivi da mravalmxrivi molaparakebebi vmo-Si Semsvlel
qveynebTan, maT Soris ZiriTad savaWro patriorebTan
saqarTeloSi ganxorcielebuli
pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi
weli
raoden
oba
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009*
131 232
109 840
167 362
340 070
499 107
449 785
1 190 375
2 014 842
1 563 963
759 078,60
wyaro: 1. saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri
(statistikuri gamokvleva `sagareo ekonomikuri saqmianobis Sesaxeb~);
2. saqarTvelos erovnuli banki;
3. saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministro.
wyaro: statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri
saqarTvelos sagareo vaWrobis xelSemSleli faqtorebi
miuxedavad dadebiTi momentebisa, arsebobs qarTuli eqsportis zrdis xelSemSleli mravali mizezi:
1.
dabali samrewvelo infrastruqtura;
2. konfliqtur zonebTan siaxlove;
3. dabalganviTarebuli mcire da saSualo seqtori;
4. sakanondeblo SeRavaTebis aRserulebis dabali done;
5. susti gamocdileba marketingSi;
•
sazRvargareT saqarTvelos Sesaxeb mcire informacia (miuxedavad imisa, rom MmTavrobis kargi piar
teqonologiebiT mniSvnelovnad gaizarda saqarTvelos cnobadobis xarisxi);
•
mcire gamocdileba eqpsortSi;
saqarTvelos sagareo vaWrobis xelSemSleli faqtorebi
6. finansuri resursebis simcire;
• susti sabanko seqtori (maRali saprocento ganakveTebi);
• susti saeqsporto sadazRvevo momsaxureba;
7. xarisxis sertifikaciis saerTaSoriso aRiarebis mqone labiratoriebis ar arseboba;
8. bazarze SeRwevis problemebi qarTuli sasoflo-sameurneo produqciisTvis:
– ganviTarebuli qveynebis mier dawesebuli teqnikuri barierebi (TBT) da standartebi;
– sanitaruli da fito-sanitaruli zomebis harmoniaciasa da xarisxis kontrolisadmi naklebi yuradReba;
saqarTvelos sagareo vaWrobis xelSemSleli faqtorebi
•
vmo-sa da misi komitetebis mier miRebuli konkretuli gadawyvetilebebisa da SeTanxmebebis Sesaxeb informaciis
nakleboba. mag: informaciis miwodebis problemebi fermerebisa da mewarmeebisTvis.;
•
10. ganviTarebuli qveynebis eqsportis subsidireba da Sida bazris dacis RonisZiebebi:
saqarTvelos sagareo vaWroba
2001-2009 ww.
(mln aSS dolari)
weli
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
brunva
1,07
1,079
1,606
2,494
3,357
4,674
6,456
7,802
5,513
zrdis tempi
(%)
4%
0.8%
48.8%
55.3%
34.6%
39.2%
38.1%
20,80%
-29.4%
eqsporti
318
348
465
647
867
993
1 497.7
1135
zrdis tempi
(%)
-3.8%
9.4%
33.6%
39.1%
34.0%
14.5%
24.9%
20.7%
-24,10%
importi
753
731
1,141
1,848
2,49
3,681
5,216
6,305
4,378
zrdis tempi
(%)
7.6%
-2.9%
56.1%
62.0%
34.7%
47.8%
41.7%
20,90%
-31,60%
savaWro
saldo
-435
-383
-676
-1,2
-1,62
-2,69
-3,976
-4,561
-3,243
1 240.2
sasoflo-sameurneo produqciis wili
saqarTvelos sagareo vaWrobis brunva
da eqsporti 2001-2009 ww-Si
7,802
8
7
6,456
5,513
6
4,674
5
4
3,357
2,494
3
2
1
1,07
1,079
1,606
0,318 0,348
0,465
0,647
0,867
0,993
1,24
1,497
1,135
0
2001 2002
2003
2004 2005
2006 2007
2008
2009
Georgian Foreign Trade Turnover 2001-2008 (in USD mln)
Export Growth (in USD mln )
saqarTvelos sagareo vaWrobis brunva da
savaWro saldo 2001-2009 wlebSi
7,802
8
6,456
6
3,357
4
5,513
4,674
2,494
2
Georgian Foreign Trade
Turnover 2001-2009 (in USD
mln)
0
Trade Balance
-2
-1,201
-1,623
-2,688
-4
-3,243
-3,976
-4,561
-6
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
saqarTvelos umsxvilesi savaWro
partniori qveynebi
2009 wlis brunvis mixedviT
saqarTvelos umsxvilesi
savaWro partniori qveynebi
2009 wlis eqsportis mixedviT
umsxvilesi sasaqonlo poziciebi
saqarTvelos eqsportSi
saqarTvelos umsxvilesi
savaWro partniori qveynebi
2009 wlis importis mixedviT
umsxvilesi sasaqonlo poziciebi saqarTvelos importSi
mSp-sa da sagareo vaWrobis
zrdis dinamika
14000
12800,9
12000
10171,9
10000
8000
7761,7
6411
6000
2000
GDP growth according
to years (mln USD)
7802
6447,3
5513
5124,7
4000
10744,7
4613,9
3355,4
2492,5
0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Foreign Trade turnover
according to years, mln
USD
saqarTvelos vaWroba
vmo-s wevr qveynebTan
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
eqsporti
178,60
162,90
165,40
228,90
306,04
429,60
495,04
733,50
919,60
667,10
importi
460,20
477,99
469,23
729,80
1 126,30
1 399,99
2 090,30
3 064,30
3 885,60
2 842,80
672,2
676,23
678,6
1029,56
1556,45
1 829,54
2 585,33
3 797,82
4 805,19
3 509,93
-286,97
-316,54
-302,4
-505,95
-826,07
-970,43
-1 595,25
-2 330,80
-2 965,98
-2 175,69
sagareo
savaWro
brunva
sagareo
vaWrobis
saldo
saqarTvelos sagareo vaWroba
WTO-s wevr qveynebTan
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
4 500 000,00
4 000 000,00
3 500 000,00
3 000 000,00
2 500 000,00
2 000 000,00
1 500 000,00
1 000 000,00
500 000,00
0,00
eqsporti
importi
saqarTvelos sagareo vaWrobis brunva
da savaWro saldo
vmo-s wevr qveynebTan
5000000
4000000
3000000
2000000
sagar eo savaWr o br unva
1000000
sagar eo vaWr o bi s sal d o
0
-1000000
-2000000
-3000000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
dohas ganviTarebis
dRis wesrigi da momavlis xedva
momavlis liberalizaciis molaparakebebis raundis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi:







soflis meurneoba
garemos dacva
momsaxureba
samrewvelo saqoneli
wesebi
medikamentebiT vaWroba
Sromis standartebi
 teqnikuri daxmareba
soflis meurneobis sferoSi
molaparakebebis ZiriTad sagans
warmoadgenda:
•
•
•
•
•
satarifo daklebebis ganxorcieleba konkretuli formulis mixedviT;
vaWrobis Semafrxebeli Sida mxardamWeri zomebis Semicireba;
saeqsporto subsidiebis sruli gauqmeba;
specifikuri tarifebis e.w. «ad-valorul» tarifebSi gadayvana;
ganviTarebadi da naklebad ganviTarebuli qveynebis soflis meurneobis produqciisaTvis ganviTarebuli
qveynebis bazrebze daSvebis xelsayreli pirobebis daweseba;
• tropikuli xilisaTvis ganviTarebuli qveynebis bazrebze daSvebis xelsayreli pirobebis daweseba da sxva.
soflis meurneobis seqtorSi
miRebuli gadawyvetilebebi
• vaWrobis Semafrxebeli Sida mxardamWeri zomebis Semcireba sami doniT, aqedan umaRlesi
doneebis wrfivi Semcireba maRali doneebiT;
• saeqsporto subsidiebisa da maTi eqvivalenturi zomebis sruli gauqmeba 2013 wlisaTvis (rac
evrokavSirisTvis yvelaze mtkivneul gadawyvetilebad SeiZleba iqnes miCneuli);
• ganviTarebadi qveynebisaTvis specialuri produqtisa da specialuri damcavi meqanizmebis
gamoyenebis ufleba;
SeTanxmebebi arasasoflo-sameurneo
produqciis bazarze daSvebis Sesaxeb
• aRniSnul seqtorSi daklebebi maRali tarifebisaTvis da satarifo pikebisaTvis ganxorcieldeba e.w. "Sveicaruli
formulis” mixedviT. amasTanave gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba vmo-s wevri ganviTarebadi qveynebis
interesebi araTanabari valdebulebebis dawesebiT maT sasargeblod; aseve dauwesdebaT specialuri da
diferencirebuli pirobebi;
• specifikuri tarifebis gadayvana ad-valur tarifebSi konkretuli meTodiT;
• gansakuTrebuli SeRavaTebis daweseba mcire da mgrZnobiare ekonomikebisaTvis;
kvlevis procesSi
wamoWrili problemebi
• statistikuri masalebis simwire;
• susti dargobrivi analizi. pozitiur da normatiul seqtors Soris kavSiris ar arseboba;
• sabaJo departmanetis statistikuri masalebis araxelmisawvdomoba (konfidencialuroba)
gmadlobT yuradRebisTvis