Transcript saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi

saerTaSoriso
ekonomikuri wesrigi
saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri wesrigi
1.
saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri wesrigis arsi da kanonzomierebebi
2.
ganviTarebadi qveynebis strategia da politika axal saerTaSoriso
ekonomikur wesrigSi
3.
saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri wesrigi msoflio ekonomikuri krizisis fonze
I.saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri wesrigis arsi da kanonzomierebebi
1.1 ek. wesrigis arsi da ZiriTadi subieqtebi



1.1.1 saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri wesrigis Camoyalibebis Taviseburebebi
1.1.2 saxelmwifos rolis cvlilebebi saerTaSoriso wesrigis sxvadasxva etapze.
1.1.3 saerTaSoriso organizaciebi da transnacionalur korporaciebi.
1.2. saerTaSoriso ek. wesrigis Tanamedrove problemebi


1.2.1 saxelmwifosa da tnk-ebis urTierTobebi
1.2.2 saerTaSoriso terorizmi
1. saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri wesrigi es gaxlavT globaluri masStabiT
SeaTanxmebuli da aRiarebuli im e.w. “TamaSis wesebis” erToblioba,
romelTac emorCileba misi nebismieri subieqti da cdilobs am garemoSi
miaRwios misTvis sasurvel Sedegs.
2. wesrigi ar arsebobs calmxrivi aRiarebis pirobebSi.
wesrigis etapebi SeiZleba ganvixiloT misi mTavari subieqtebis Seqmnisa
da transformaciis safuZvelze.
saerTaSoriso ekonomiuri wesrigis mTavari subietebi arian:
1.
saxelmwifo
2.
transnacionaluri korporaciebi
3.
saerTaSoriso organizaciebi
SeiZleba gamovyoT Tanamedrove msoflio ekonomikuri wesrigis formirebis
sami mTavari etapi:
1.
1648 weli vestfaliis xelSekruleba (zavi), romlis Sedegadac Camoyalibdnen saerTaSorisod
aRiarebuli suverenuli saxelmwifoebi da gaxdnen saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis mTavari
subieqtebi.
2. 1944 weli. breton-vudsis sistemis Camoyalibeba. Camoyalibda iseTi organizaciebi, rogoricaa
msoflio banki da saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi.
3. 1970-iani wlebi, rodesac gansakuTrebiT gaaqtiurdnen tnk-ebi da gaeros specialur sesiaze miRebul
iqna deklaracia: “axali saerTaSoriso wesrigis Sesaxeb”

saxelmwifoTa da pirvel rigSi eri-saxelmwifoTa ricxvi swrafad gaizarda meore msoflio omis
Semdeg. Tu 1871-1914 wlebSi 12 axali saxelmwifon warmoiqmna, 1918-1945 wlebSi ki_16,
1945-1997 wlebSi axlad Seqmnilma suverenulma saxelwifoebis ricxvma 110 Seadgina anu orjer da
ufo metjer meti vidre manmde iyo.

tradiciuli warmodgena saxelmwifoze, rogorc msoflio wesrigis ZiriTad erTeulze, gulisxmobs mis
SedarebiT homogenurobas, anu igi gvevlineba rogorc unitaruli, erTiani miznebis mqone subieqti.
magram Tanamedrove epoqaSi saerTaSoriso da transnacionaluri organizaciebis ricxvis zrdam,
Secvala rogorc saxelmwifos ise samoqalaqo sazogadoebis dinamika.

globalizaciis da maRalteqnologiuri sistemebis ganviTarebis fonze arsebobs
garkveuli sferoebi, sadac saxelwifos roli radikalurad Seicvala da amis Sedegad, misi
unari, rom gaakontrolos sakuTari mosaxleoba da Sida socialuri procesebi, Semcirda.

integraciuli procesebis gaRrmavebam kidev ufro gaamZafra erTi qveynis
moqalaqeebSi erTiani saxelmwifos aRqmis sakiTxi.
h.martini da k.Sumani : `globalizaciis xafangi, Seteva demokratiasa da keTildReobaze~ 1996w
`globalizaciis Zala aerTianebs msoflios da amave dros angrevs mas. udidesi
investiciuri saxsrebisa da msoflio koncernebis mflobelebi TavianT
pirobebs karnaxoben sust erovnul saxelmwifoebs~
mraval arguments Soris aRniSvnis Rirsia radikaluri globalistebis
sapirispiro mosazrebac:
saerTaSoriso samarTals ar SeuZlia moqmedeba eri-saxelmwifos gareSe,
ara ubralod imitom, rom saxelmwifoebi mis materialur uzrunvelyofas da
im agentebs warmoadgenen, romlebsac es normebi Seexeba, aramed
imitom, rom isini warmoadgenen agentebs, romlebic qmnian da
auqmeben kanonebs.
saerTaSoriso organizaciebi, romelTa roli umniSvnelovanesia saerTaSoriso
ekonomuri wesrigis CamoyalibebaSi.

gaerTianebuli erebis organizacia. Seiqmna 1945 wels. aRsaniSnavia
rogorc konkretulad misi agreTve misi specializebuli dawesebulebebis da
gaeros sistemis saerTaSoriso organizaciebis roli
 saerTaSoriso
savaluto fondi. gaxlavT gaeros sistemis specializebuli
dawesebuleba. Seiqmna 1944 wels breton vudsis konferenciaze. misi mTavari
mizania globaluri finansuri sistemis mdgradobis uzrunvelyofa, valutebis
gacvliTi kursebis da qveyanaTa sagadamxdelo balansebis monitoringis
safuZvelze. igi agreTve saWiroebisamebr ganviTarebad qveynebs sTavazobs
teqnikur da finansur mxardaWeras.
 msoflio banki. gaxlavT gaeros sistemis specializebuli dawesebuleba.
Seiqmna 1944 wels breton vudsis konferenciaze. mis mTavar amocanas Seadgens
ganviTarebad qveynebSi stabiluri ekonomikuri zrdisTvis xelSewyoba da siRaribis
donis Semcireba. msoflio bankTan TanamSromlobis mTavari upiratesoba
daxmarebis mimRebi qveynisTvis mniSvnelovnad SeRavaTiani saprocento
ganakveTebia sesxebze sxva saerTaSoriso kreditorebTan SedarebiT. msoflio
bankis kreditebs mohyveba samTavrobaTSoriso sesxebic, rac mniSvnelovanwilad
zrdis mimRebi qveynis sakredito reitings kerZo investorebisTvis.
 vaWrobis
msoflio organizacia.
gaxlavT gaeros sistemis saerTaSoriso organizacia, igi warmoadgens mravalmxrivi
savaWro sistemis samarTlebriv da institucionalur safuZvels (GATT-is
samarTalmemkvidre), aris urugvais raundis 8 wliani (1986-1994 w.w.) kompleqsuri
da xSirad sadavo molaparakebebis Sedegi.
vmo-s ZiraTi mizani aris saerTaSoriso vaWrobis xelSewyoba da masStabebis zrda
msoflio politikis liberalizaciis saSualebiT.
gaeros monacemebiT, dRes msoflioSi arsebobs 65 aTasze meti tnk, romlebic akontroleben 600
aTas Svilobil kompaniasa da ganyofilebas sazRvargareT. maTze modis msoflio vaWrobis
daaxloebiT 2/3 , tnk-ebi awarmoeben msoflio warmoebis naxevars da akontroleben msoflioSi
arsebuli patentebis, licenziebis da nou-haus daaxloebiT 4/5-s.
maT strategiul miznebSi Sedis: sakuTari warmoebis uzrunvelyofa ucxouri nedleuliT; sxva
qveynebis bazarebze SeRweva filialebis Seqmnis gziT; sawarmoebis ganlageba im qveynebSi,
sadac xarjebi sakuTar qveyanasTan SedarebiT ufro dabalia
transnacionalizaciis indeqsis gaangariSeba Semdegi formuliT xdeba:
TI = 1/3 (A1/A + R1/R + S1/S) x 100%
sadac:
TI _ transnacionalizaciis indeqsi, %;
A1_ sazRvargareTuli aqtivebi;
A _ mTliani aqtivebi;
R1 _ ucxouri filialebis mier saqonlisa da momsaxurebis gayidvebis moculoba;
R _ saqonlisa da momsaxurebis gayidvebis mTliani moculoba;
S1 _ sazRvargareTuli Stati;
S _ kompaniis muSakTa mTliani Stati.
aRsaniSnavia tnk-ebis dadebiTi gavlena mimRebi qveynis ekonomikaze

axali tnk-s Semosvlas axali teqnologiebis danergva, produqciis axali saxeobebis gamoSveba, menejmentis axali stili,
sazRvargareTis praqtikidan saukeTeso gamocdilebis gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba moyhveba

tnk-s saqmianoba adgilobriv kompaniebs aiZulebs koreqtivebi Seitanon warmoebis teqnologiur procesSi, meti yuradReba
dauTmon produqciis xarisxs, samomxmareblo Tvisebebs da a.S. yovelive es dadebiTad aisaxeba qveynis ekonomikuri
cxovrebaze

tnk-ebis saqmianobas didi sargebeli moaqvs im qveynebisaTvisac, saidanac maT gaaqvT kapitali. ramdenadac es procesebi
zrdian saSualo mogebas da misi miRebis saimedoobas, tnk-s aqciaTa mflobelebs SuZliaT maRali da mdgradi Semosavlis imedi
iqonion.

tnk xels uwyobs ekonomikur integracias da mdgrad ekonomikur kavSirebs qmnis.
SeiZleba gamovyoT transerovnuli kapitalis erovnulze uaryofiTi gavlenis sakvanZo momentebi:





tnk-ebi mZlavr konkurencias uweven adgilobriv kompaniebs da aviwroveben maT Sida bazarze, ar aZleven
ganviTarebis saSualebas.
transerovnuli kapitalis Tavisufalma gadaadgilebam SeiZlebam SeiZleba Searyios erovnuli valutis stabiluroba da
Seuqmnas safrTxe ganviTarebadi qveynebis erovnul usafrTxoebas.
tnk-ebi aRweven dargSi, romelic dakavSirebulia erovnul usafrTxoebasTan da SeuZliaT uaryofiTi gavlena moaxdinon
maT ganviTarebaze.
transerovnuli kapitalisaTvis Sinaganad Tanmdev kosmopolitizms SeuZlia CaaxSos ganviTarebadi qveynebis jer kidev
moumagrebeli saxelmwifoebrioba da danergos iseTi ideologia, romelic erovnuli biznesis ganviTarebis interesebs
ewinaaRmdegeba.
transerovnuli kapitali, icavs ra Tavis intersebs, SeuZlia mZlavri politikuri zewolis moxdena mimReb qveynebze iseTi
mimarTulebiT, romelic zogjer ar emTxveva erovnul interesebs.
tarnsnacionaluri korporaciebi maT aqtivebis da saxelmwifoebi maTi mSp-s mixedviT (mln. aSS
dolari)




mravali qveynis pirveli ukmayofilebis mizezi iyo is, rom saerTaSoriso organizaciebi ar
asrulebdnen TavianT gacxadebul movaleobebs da maTi Seqmnis mizani iyo mxolod msxvili
transnacionaluri korporaciebisaTvis xelis Sewyoba
ganviTarebadma muslimanurma qveynebma udidesi tempiT iwyes ganviTareba. garkveulwilad
ganTavisufldnen im saerTaSoriso kapitalis tyveobidan, romelmac maT ganviTarebaSi did roli
Seasrula. maTma finansurma damoukideblobam da uzarmazarma saxsrebma, maT saSualeba
miscaT sakuTari pretenziebi wamoeyenebinaT nebismieri subieqtis winaSe.
aRmoCndnen iseTi qveynebic, romelTa mravalsaukunovanma kulturam advilad ver miiRo is
faseulobebi da tradiciebi, romelic am korporaciebma Camoitanes sakuTari qveynebidan.
kidev ufro tragikuli xasiaTi miiRo am faseulobebisaTvis brZolam, rodesac igi “kargad” iqna
gamoyenebuli sxvadasxva islamuri eqstermistuli organizaciebis mier da _ gadasul iqna religiur
WrilSi.
saerTaSoriso terorizmi sabolod SeZlebs ekonomikuri ganviTarebis
damuxruWebas. amis Tavidan asacileblad saWiroa axal globalur msoflio
rukaze meamboxe qveyanaTa Rirsuli adgilis daTmoba da im msoflios
naxevarze meti mosaxleobis interesebis dacva, romelTa umravlesoba
moklebulia elementarul sayofacxovrebo pirobebs.