Transcript The Scramble for Africa – Late 19 Century What did Africa have that

The Scramble for Africa –
Late 19th Century
What did Africa have that
others wanted and would
kill for?
What did Africa have that
others wanted?
Phase One
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Good ports along route to India
and spice trade.
Defensive posts to keep others
away from trade (monopoly)
Cape Town – good farm lands to
grow crops to supply sailors.
Market for European finished
goods
Slaves
What did Africa have that
others wanted?
Part Two – After Slave Trade
Ended (Early 19th century)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Land = greed & ego
(Belgium Congo > Belgium).
Slaves, Diamonds (DeBeers), Gold,
Salt, Minerals, etc.
European rivalry
Scramble for Africa
European Colonies
Africa Political Boundaries Today
European Colonies
How did rubber change the world?
The cost of Colonization on Africa.
A look at the Belgium Congo.
King Leopold of Belgium
He PERSONALLY owned The Congo
Belgium Congo
Prisoners at work in the Belgium Congo 1912
Which tribe do you think was the stronger one before Belgium
supplied the guns?
How did Belgium impact tribal relations?
What do you think will happen after Belgium pulls out?
Belgium kept tight control of the
bullets it supplied to the tribes.
For every bullet fired a human
hand had to be brought back. In
one year alone more than 2
million bullets were shipped to
the Congo. An estimated 8-10
million people died as a result of
Belgium’s/King Leopold’s
policies.
How do you think these policies
impacted tribal relations?
Rudyard Kipling in his poem
“White Man’s Burden” justified
the European colonies and their
policies of total submission of
the people in Africa.
How prepared (educated and
trained) were the Africans for
their “independence” once it
was finally obtained?
What kind of rulers had the
Europeans taught them to be?
Initially King Leopold’s Belgium Congo was the world’s primary supplier
of rubber, a crucial component of the Industrial Revolution. However,
rubber trees were being planted in the US controlled Philippines and
elsewhere, and they would be ready to be harvested in approximately 20
years. Time was running out for Belgium’s domination of the rubber
industry.
A village in the Congo before being destroyed to make room for more
rubber trees.
After destruction
Congo women being held captive to
force their husbands to go into the rain
forest to gather wild rubber.
Unloading Rubber – Congo 1900
Analyze this
picture. What
is happening
and why?
Why did Europeans feel they had
the right to conquer the Africans?
How were they able to defeat and
conquer a continent of millions?
How were the Europeans able to
maintain power?
The Racial Ladder:
European belief in
the superiority of
whites
Remember:
Rudyard Kipling’s
White Man’s
Burden.
How Africa was being portrayed
during Colonial Period
A European traveling in the
Belgium Congo 1912 –
A White Man’s Burden
A postcard showing a tribal chief on his
honeymoon French Congo 1902
What is the message here?
How is this portraying the African’s?
Cecil Rhodes “We are the finest race in
the world and the more of the world
we inhabit the better it is for the
human race.” 1877
European Colonies late 19th Century
right before & after
The Scramble for Africa
American Cartoon 1900
What is the message?
What is the
message here?
How were they able to defeat
and conquer a continent of
millions?
Think PREMS
Soldiers of the Force Publique
Congo - 1912
Military
Whatever happens, we have got
The Maxim gun, and they have not
Maxim Machine Gun - 1883
Steam-powered Gunboats
travel up the Nile to rescue
British forces - 1883
Boer Wars 1898 - 1902
How would/could you keep millions
enslaved and “peaceful”?
How would/could you keep millions
enslaved and “peaceful”? PREMS
1. Divide and conquer
2. Put minority tribes into positions of
“power” (i.e. Yugoslavia, Rwanda)
3. Restrict Education
4. European rules, judges, officers
5. European supplies