12.2- Partition of Africa
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Transcript 12.2- Partition of Africa
12.2- Partition
of Africa
European countries
scramble for African
territories. Africans resist, but
cannot stop the Europeans.
Africa in the Early 1800s
Prior to imperialism, Africa was a multilanguage, multi-governmental country
North Africa was largely composed of the
Sahara Desert, along with fertile lands near
the Mediterranean Sea.
East Africa was largely influenced by the
Muslim religion, slave trade (Middle East), and
natural resources such as copper and ivory
Africa in the Early 1800s
In Southern Africa, the Zulus
emerged as a major force,
led by Shaka
Shaka slowly took over and
conquered many nearby
people.
This set off many wars and
migrations away from the
area.
Great Trek
A group called the
boers migrated from the
now British-controlled
Cape Colony.
They migrated
northeast, eventually
running into the Zulus,
creating a conflict that
would last until the end
of the century
European Contact Increases
Navigating Africa’s large rivers (Niger, Nile, Congo)
led European imperialists to explore Africa further
inland
Catholic and Protestant missionaries traveled into
Africa and helped build schools, medical clinics, and
churches
The missionaries urged Africans to reject their native
ways in favor of Western civilization
Famous Missionaries: Dr. David Livingstone, Henry
Stanley
A Scramble for Colonies
King
Leopold II of Belgium hired Henry
Stanley to navigate the Congo River Basin
and arrange trades with African leaders
there.
This
set off a scramble for African colonies
Berlin Conference
The purpose of the Berlin Conference was to avoid
war over African territories
They recognized Leopold’s claims at the Congo
Basin, but organized free trade from the Congo and
Niger rivers
They also claimed that a European power could not
claim any part of Africa unless it had set up a
government office there
This led to the completely redrawn map of Europe,
on page 395.
Issues with Imperialism
Workers in the Congo (under Belgian rule)
were beaten and mutilated, and the
population declined drastically.
France lost tens of thousands of lives in its
conquest of Algeria, in North Africa
Britain acquired the Cape Colony in 1814,
and also saw its influence spread into Egypt,
the Sudan, and West Africa as well.
The Boer War
Boers left the Cape Colony, and headed north to
set up their own colonies and governments
In the late 1800s, the discovery of gold led them
into conflicts with the British, eventually resulting in
the Boer War, which lasted from 1899-1902, costing
many British casualties
Eventually, Britain unified the Boer republics with
the Cape Colony, creating the Union of South
Africa.
Africans Resist Imperialism
Algerians battle the French
British battled the Zulus in the South, and the
Asante in the West
Germans were fighting in Zimbabwe in the East
Maji-Maji Rebellion- Germans survive after burning
farmlands, leading the natives to starve
Ethiopia managed to fight off imperialists and
maintain their independence
Menelik II began to modernize the country in the
late 1800s, building roads, a school system, etc.