Partition of Africa
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Transcript Partition of Africa
Partition of Africa
Unit 5 Lesson 3
vocab
Shaka
paternalistic
David Livingston
King Leopold II
Boer War
Menelik Ii
Why
There are 5 motives for imperialism!
Economics
Political Reasons
Military
Cultural
Religious
Forms of Imperial Rule
Direct Rule
Nation sent administrators
Indirect rule
Nation used local rulers
Protectorate
Local rulers left in place but followed advice
Sphere of Influence
Exclusive trading rights
Why did it spread so quickly?
Western advantages
Gov’t, armies, technology, weapons
Parts of Africa
West :Impacted by slave trade
North: muslim, Mediterranean, always an
important part of the region
East: long Muslim influences
Ivory/ copper from Central Africa moved
through East to be traded
South: settled by Dutch
The Triangle Trade
Impact of the Slave Trade
In the 1800s Europeans began to outlaw the
slave trade.
In East Africa the slave trade continued to
Asia.
1787 Sierra Leone was resettled by freed
slaves organized by Britain
1847 Liberia was resettled by freed blacks
from the United States.
“Black” Gold for Sale!
European Contact increases in 18th
Century
1800s – explorers into interior of Africa (glory)
mapped the interior and sources of great rivers:
Niger, Nile and Congo
Missionaries (gospel)
Catholic and Protestant
sincere
built schools, brought medicine
paternalistic view- children that need guidance
Who is African – American?
Charliez Theron
Dijmon Hounsu
Review Questions
What region is mostly desert?
2) What did East Africa trade?
3) Why didn’t outlawing the transatlantic slave
trade end slavery?
4) Where did former US slaves go?
1)
Africa in the early 1800’s
North Africa
Mostly desert, part of the Muslim World
West Africa
Usman dan Fodio led an Islamic revival
The Asante kingdom was in the forest regions
East Africa
Slaves, Ivory, and Copper were traded with the
middle east
Southern Africa
Shaka led the Zulu’s to power in 1814
The Zulu’s fought the Boers starting in 1830
European Contact Increases
Explorers go into the interior
Missionaries follow explorers
Dr. David Livingstone was an explorer and
missionary who spent 30 years in Africa
David Livingstone
30 years
wrote about people
in Africa
opposed slavery
profitable business
for African rulers
and foreign traders
Christianity would
end slavery
African Trade [15c-17c]
Colonies
King Leopold II –
Belgium
wanted to civilize Africa
sent in Stanley to
explore Congo
also wanted to conquer
and profit
His activities set off a
frenzy to claim bits of
Africa
A Scramble for Colonies
King Leopold II of Belgium began the rush
Conference of Berlin in 1884
No African’s Allowed!
European countries had to set up
governments to get a colony
A Scramble for Colonies
King Leopold II gives his colony to Belgium
France took a large share (as big as the US)
Britain takes a scattered share
Many natural resources
Fight the Boer War in 1899 to unify South Africa
Portugal, Italy, and Germany took smaller shares
Berlin Conference
European nations were
scrambling for land.
To avoid war and
bloodshed, European
powers met in Berlin at
a conference in 1884.
No Africans were
invited to the
conference
What the Berlin Conference decided
Leopold had claim on the Congo Free State.
Called for free trade on the Congo and Niger
rivers.
European powers had to set up a government
in any part they claimed
This lead European powers to exert control
over locals and leaders.
Result
The rush to claim land and colonize Africa
was on.
Over the next 20 years Europeans carved up
and claimed Africa.
Boer War
Guns v. Spears
Dutch Comandos
Shaka Zulu
1885
South Africa
powerful tribe of the Zulus.
1818-1828 Shaka waged war and conquered
many nearby people.
1830s the Zulus faced off against the Dutch
Boers.
In the end the Zulus lost against the Boer guns.
Sig: Technology triumphed over skill
Africans Resist Imperialism
Asante tribe fought Britain
After the King is exiled Queen Yaa Asantewaa
lead the rebellion
Nehanda led the Shona in Zimbabwe
She is executed but inspired others
Ethiopia Survives
Menelik II modernized his country
He hired Europeans to help design roads,
bridges, and a school system
He imported weapons and officers to train
armies
At the battle of Adowa Ethiopia crushes Italy
Ethiopia
Menelik II
resisted Imperialism
Ethiopia does go on
to survive as and
independent African
nation
Africa
in
1914
Review Questions
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
Why did more Europeans go into Africa?
Who set off the race for colonies?
Who was invited to the Berlin Conference?
Do you think the outcome of the Conference
would have been different if others had been
invited?
What two countries took the largest share?
Why do you think those countries were able to
take so much?
What happened to the African queens who
tried to lead rebellions?
Why was King Menelik II successful in
defeating Europeans?