Transcript Partition of Africa

Partition of Africa
Unit 5 Lesson 3
vocab
 Shaka
 paternalistic
 David Livingston
 King Leopold II
 Boer War
 Menelik Ii
Why
 There are 5 motives for imperialism!
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Economics
Political Reasons
Military
Cultural
Religious
Forms of Imperial Rule
 Direct Rule
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Nation sent administrators
 Indirect rule
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Nation used local rulers
 Protectorate
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Local rulers left in place but followed advice
 Sphere of Influence
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Exclusive trading rights
Why did it spread so quickly?
 Western advantages
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Gov’t, armies, technology, weapons
Parts of Africa
 West :Impacted by slave trade
 North: muslim, Mediterranean, always an
important part of the region
 East: long Muslim influences
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Ivory/ copper from Central Africa moved
through East to be traded
 South: settled by Dutch
The Triangle Trade
Impact of the Slave Trade
 In the 1800s Europeans began to outlaw the
slave trade.
 In East Africa the slave trade continued to
Asia.
 1787 Sierra Leone was resettled by freed
slaves organized by Britain
 1847 Liberia was resettled by freed blacks
from the United States.
“Black” Gold for Sale!
European Contact increases in 18th
Century
 1800s – explorers into interior of Africa (glory)
 mapped the interior and sources of great rivers:
Niger, Nile and Congo
 Missionaries (gospel)
 Catholic and Protestant
 sincere
 built schools, brought medicine
 paternalistic view- children that need guidance
Who is African – American?
Charliez Theron
Dijmon Hounsu
Review Questions
What region is mostly desert?
2) What did East Africa trade?
3) Why didn’t outlawing the transatlantic slave
trade end slavery?
4) Where did former US slaves go?
1)
Africa in the early 1800’s
 North Africa
 Mostly desert, part of the Muslim World
 West Africa
 Usman dan Fodio led an Islamic revival
 The Asante kingdom was in the forest regions
 East Africa
 Slaves, Ivory, and Copper were traded with the
middle east
 Southern Africa
 Shaka led the Zulu’s to power in 1814
 The Zulu’s fought the Boers starting in 1830
European Contact Increases
 Explorers go into the interior
 Missionaries follow explorers
 Dr. David Livingstone was an explorer and
missionary who spent 30 years in Africa
David Livingstone
 30 years
 wrote about people
in Africa
 opposed slavery
 profitable business
for African rulers
and foreign traders
 Christianity would
end slavery
African Trade [15c-17c]
Colonies
 King Leopold II –
Belgium
 wanted to civilize Africa
 sent in Stanley to
explore Congo
 also wanted to conquer
and profit
 His activities set off a
frenzy to claim bits of
Africa
A Scramble for Colonies
 King Leopold II of Belgium began the rush
 Conference of Berlin in 1884
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No African’s Allowed!
European countries had to set up
governments to get a colony
A Scramble for Colonies
 King Leopold II gives his colony to Belgium
 France took a large share (as big as the US)
 Britain takes a scattered share
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Many natural resources
Fight the Boer War in 1899 to unify South Africa
 Portugal, Italy, and Germany took smaller shares
Berlin Conference
 European nations were
scrambling for land.
 To avoid war and
bloodshed, European
powers met in Berlin at
a conference in 1884.
 No Africans were
invited to the
conference
What the Berlin Conference decided
 Leopold had claim on the Congo Free State.
 Called for free trade on the Congo and Niger
rivers.
 European powers had to set up a government
in any part they claimed
 This lead European powers to exert control
over locals and leaders.
Result
 The rush to claim land and colonize Africa
was on.
 Over the next 20 years Europeans carved up
and claimed Africa.
Boer War
Guns v. Spears
Dutch Comandos
Shaka Zulu
1885
South Africa
powerful tribe of the Zulus.
1818-1828 Shaka waged war and conquered
many nearby people.
1830s the Zulus faced off against the Dutch
Boers.
In the end the Zulus lost against the Boer guns.
Sig: Technology triumphed over skill
Africans Resist Imperialism
 Asante tribe fought Britain
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After the King is exiled Queen Yaa Asantewaa
lead the rebellion
 Nehanda led the Shona in Zimbabwe
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She is executed but inspired others
Ethiopia Survives
 Menelik II modernized his country
 He hired Europeans to help design roads,
bridges, and a school system
 He imported weapons and officers to train
armies
 At the battle of Adowa Ethiopia crushes Italy
Ethiopia
 Menelik II
 resisted Imperialism
 Ethiopia does go on
to survive as and
independent African
nation
Africa
in
1914
Review Questions
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
Why did more Europeans go into Africa?
Who set off the race for colonies?
Who was invited to the Berlin Conference?
Do you think the outcome of the Conference
would have been different if others had been
invited?
What two countries took the largest share?
Why do you think those countries were able to
take so much?
What happened to the African queens who
tried to lead rebellions?
Why was King Menelik II successful in
defeating Europeans?