Transcript Document 7109664

New Horizon College English
Unit 3 : Section A
Longing for a New
Welfare System
新视野
Pre-reading Activities
Text Analysis
Main idea and devices
for developing it
Expressions & Patterns
Summary
How to apply to our real
life the typical expressions
and patterns taken from
the text
Exercises
Blank filling
All the exercises
for Section A
说明文写作技巧
Writing
II. Text Analysis:
Main Idea and Structure
New Words & Text
Main Idea of The Text
New Words
Main Idea
Text
Structure
Main Idea of Each Part
Part Ⅰ
Part Ⅱ
Part Ⅲ
New Words
• raw
• wheelchair
• pension
• caseworker
• landlord
• rent
• opt
• drum
• sticky
Back
• profile
• hip
• crawl
• entitle
• compensation • spine
• spinal
• liberal
• cord
• practically
• screw
• detective
• roller
• paste
• brake
• receipt
• certify
• donation
下一页
New Words
• leak
• bid
• senator
• alert
• appliance • governor
• thrive
• maid
• convict
• roast
Phrases and
• oven
• helicopter Expressions
• champion • face with
• chemist
• drum up
上一页
Back
• under the
table
• to get/be
involved in
• deep down
• make a fool of
sb.
• talk back
• break down
下一页
New Words
• get around
• look into
• fill out
• account for
• build up
• go through
• to lend oneself/sth.
to sth. else
• convict of
上一页
Back
Proper Names
• John Callahan
• Suzanne
Text Reading
Back
Longing for a New Welfare System
A welfare client is supposed to cheat.
Everybody expects it. Faced with sharing a
dinner of raw pet food with the cat, many
people in wheelchairs I know bleed the
system for a few extra dollars. They tell the
government that they are getting two
hundred dollars less than their real pension
so they can get a little extra welfare money.
Or, they tell the caseworker that the landlord
raised the rent by a hundred dollars.
Para. 1
下一页
Text Reading
Back
I have opted to live a life of complete
honesty. So instead, I go out and drum up some
business and draw cartoons. I even tell welfare
how much I make! Oh, I’m tempted to get paid
under the table. But even if I yielded to that
temptation, big magazines are not going to get
involved in some sticky situation. They keep
my records, and that information goes right
into the government’s computer. Very highprofile.
Para. 2
上一页
下一页
Text Reading
Back
As a welfare client I’m expected to
bow before the caseworker. Deep down,
caseworkers know that they are being made
fools of by many of their clients, and they feel
they are entitled to have clients bow to them as
compensation. I’m not being bitter. Most
caseworkers begin as college-educated liberals
with high ideals. But after a few years in a
system that practically requires people to lie,
they become like the one I shall call “Suzanne”,
a detective in shorts.
Para. 3
上一页
下一页
Text Reading
Back
Para. 4
Not long after Christmas last year,
Suzanne came to inspect my apartment and saw
some new posters pasted on the wall. “Where’d you
get the money for those?” she wanted to know.
Para. 5
“Friends and family.”
Para. 6
“Well, you’d better have a receipt for it,
by God. You have to report any donations or gifts.”
Para. 7 This was my cue to beg. Instead, I talked
back. “I got a cigarette from somebody on the
street the other day. Do I have to report that?”
Para. 8
“Well I’m sorry, but I don’t make the
rules, Mr. Callahan.”
上一页
下一页
Text Reading
Back
Suzanne tries to lecture me about
repairs to my wheelchair, which is always
breaking down because welfare won’t spend the
money maintaining it properly. “You know, Mr.
Callahan, I’ve heard that you put a lot more
miles on that wheelchair than average.”
Para. 10 Of course I do. I’m an active worker,
not a vegetable. I live near downtown, so I can
get around in a wheelchair. I wonder what she’d
think if she suddenly broke her hip and had to
crawl to work.
Para. 9
上一页
下一页
Text Reading
Back
Government cuts in welfare have
resulted in hunger and suffering for a lot of
people, not just me. But people with spinal cord
injuries felt the cuts in a unique way: The
government stopped taking care of our chairs.
Each time mine broke down, lost a screw,
needed a new roller bearing, the brake wouldn’t
work, etc., and I called Suzanne, I had to endure
a little lecture. Finally, she’d say, “Well, if I can
find time today, I’ll call the medical worker.”
Para. 11
上一页
下一页
Text Reading
Back
She was supposed to notify the
medical worker, who would certify that there
was a problem. Then the medical worker
called the wheelchair repair companies to get
the cheapest bid. Then the medical worker
alerted the main welfare office at the state
capital. They considered the matter for days
while I lay in bed, unable to move. Finally, if I
was lucky, they called back and approved the
repair.
Para. 12
上一页
下一页
Text Reading
Back
Para. 13 When welfare learned I was making
money on my cartoons, Suzanne started
“visiting” every fortnight instead of every two
months. She looked into every corner in search
of unreported appliances, or maids, or a roast
pig in the oven, or a new helicopter parked out
back. She never found anything, but there was
always a thick pile of forms to fill out at the end
of each visit, accounting for every penny.
上一页
下一页
Text Reading
Back
Para. 14 There is no provision in the law for
a gradual shift away from welfare. I am an
independent businessman, slowly building up
my market. It’s impossible to jump off welfare
and suddenly be making two thousand dollars a
month. But I would love to be able to pay for
some of my living and not have to go through an
embarrassing situation every time I need a
spare part for my wheelchair.
上一页
下一页
Text Reading
Back
Para. 15
There needs to be a lawyer who can
act as a champion for the rights of welfare
clients, because the system so easily lends itself
to abuse by the welfare givers as well as by the
clients. Welfare sent Suzanne to look around in
my apartment the other day because the
chemist said I was using a larger than usual
amount of medical supplies. I was, indeed: the
hole that has been surgically cut to drain urine
had changed size and the connection to my
urine bag was leaking.
上一页
下一页
Text Reading
Back
Para. 16
While she was taking notes, my
phone rang and Suzanne answered it. The
caller was a state senator, which scared
Suzanne a little. Would I sit on the governor’s
committee and try to do something about the
thousands of welfare clients who, like me,
could earn part or all of their own livings if
they were allowed to do so, one step at a
time?
上一页
下一页
Text Reading
Back
Para. 17 Hell, yes, I would! Someday
people like me will thrive under a new
system that will encourage them, not seek
to convict them of cheating. They will be
free to develop their talents without guilt
or fear—or just hold a good, steady job.
上一页
下一页
II.Text Analysis:
Main Idea and Structure
Back
What is the text mainly about?
The passage explores the problems of the present
welfare system first and then expresses the desire
to have a new system. According to the author, a
disabled person with spinal cord injuries, he is
forced to account for every penny while enduring
lectures by the caseworkers. It is hard to have his
wheelchair repaired and even harder to make a
gradual shift away from welfare. That is why he
longs for a new system under which the disabled
like him can earn part or all of their own livings.
II.Text Analysis:
Back
Main Idea and Structure
How is the text organized?
The passage is composed of three parts: how
people behave under the present welfare system,
what the problems are with it, and what
solutions should be applied to the problems.
The organization of the whole passage goes
after the problem-solution pattern, spiced
throughout with examples taken from the
author’s own experiences.
For details
Back
Current
Part
One
situation
Paras.
1-3
describing
On
one same,
other,
hand,
All the
most
welfare
casesome welfare
like
me
clients
workers,
cheat
like
have opted
to
the
detectives,
live system
a life offor
more
expect
money.
every
honesty.
Are
Are
client
to beg.
any
therethere
any
examples
Why? (Para.3)
here?
(Para.1)
(Para.2)
Problems
Part Two
with the
Paras.
4 - 14
system
Problem 4:
2:
1:
3:
It
The
Clients
If
is
clients
difficult
laware
does
make
for
not
clients
encourage
forced toashave
money,
report
the
their
clients
anything
author’s
wheelto own
make
new toa
chairs
gradual
caseworkers.
experience
repaired.
shift Is
Is
away
there
reveals,
there
from
any
any
they
example
welfare.
have to account
here?
(Paras.
Evidence?
for every
94 -penny.
12)
8)
(Para.14)
(Para. 13)
Solutions
to
Part Three
the
Paras.
15-17
problems
Solution 1:
2:
3:
There
needs
The
A
new
welfare
systemto
be
a lawyer
system
is
needed
should
to to
protect
thewho
help those
encourage
rights of
are to earn
clients
to
clients.
their own
develop
their
Example?
livings.
talents
without
How?
(Para. 15)
(Para.(Para.17)
guilt.
16)
II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing It
Back
Main idea?
Part I
(Paras. 1-3)
Part II
Part III
This part is about how people
concerned behave under the
present welfare system: Clients
cheat the system for more money
while caseworkers, like detectives,
expect the clients to bow down to
them and beg.
Devices for developing it?
Deduction (演绎法)
For details
Back
A
statement: A
welfare
client
is a life
A general
general statement:
I have
opted
to live
expected
to cheat,
trying
to bleed
the
this part
of three
paragraphs,
thesystem
first
ofIncomplete
honesty.
(Para.
2)
for
a few
extra dollars.
(Para. 1) with a
two
are organized
respectively
Examples:
general statement supported by examples
Examples:
I go
out and
business
and
1.or____________________________________
details.
Thedrum
deviceupofsome
deduction
makes
1. They
____________________________________
tell
the government that they are
draw
cartoons.
____________________________________
clear and persuasive the author’s
____________________________________
getting
two
hundred
dollars
less
than
their
I
even
tell
welfare
how
much
I
make!
2.viewpoints
____________________________________
on welfare clients who cheat
____________________________________
real
pension
so they
can
getFor
adetails
little
extra
If Ithose
want
to
get
paid
under
the
table,
big
3.and
____________________________________
who are honest.
____________________________________
welfare
money.
magazines
are not going to get involved in
____________________________________
tell
the
caseworker
that
the
landlord
2. They
____________________________________
some
sticky
situation.
____________________________________
raised the rent by a hundred dollars.
____________________________________
返回
II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing It
Back
Main idea?
Part I
Part II
(Paras. 4-14)
Part III
Several events are narrated to
illustrate the problems with the
present welfare system: welfare
caseworkers try to find anything
unreported, welfare clients have
difficulties in obtaining help, and the
law does not encourage clients to make
a gradual shift away from welfare.
Devices for developing it?
Narration (叙事法)
For details
Back
Narration is used throughout the whole
part to tell the events as examples. For
instance, the account of the first event
goes from Para. 4 to Para. 8, with specific
characters—Suzanne and I, time—not
long after Christmas last year, and
location—my apartment.
返回
II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing It
Back
Main idea?
Part I
Part II
A lawyer is needed to act as a
champion for the rights of welfare
clients. Besides, the author wishes
that the government would help
clients earn part or all of their
livings. And, a new system is desired
to encourage them, rather than seek
to convict them of cheating.
Part III
(Paras. 15-17)
Devices for developing it?
Exemplification (例证法)
For details
Back
Argument: There needs to be a lawyer who can
act as a champion for the rights of welfare
clients, because the system so easily lends itself to
abuse
the 15,
welfare
givers as well
as by the
In by
Para.
for instance,
the author
clients.
gives his argument in the first sentence,
and then
with sent
the event
of medical
Example:
Welfare
Suzanne
to look around
supplies
as anthe
example
to support
it.
in my
apartment
other day
because the
Forusual
details
chemist said I was using a larger than
amount of medical supplies. I was, indeed: the
hole that has been surgically cut to drain urine
had changed size and the connection to my urine
bag was leaking.
返回
III. Expressions & Patterns
A. Expressions
1. to long for
2. to be faced with
3. to bleed… for…
4. to drum up
5. under the table
6. to yield to
>>> more
B. Patterns for you
to use as models
1. Typical patterns
for unfavorable
changes in sb.
2. Typical patterns
for the statement
of facts
3. Typical patterns
for suggestion
>>> more
III. Expressions & Patterns
Back
7. to get involved in
14. to get around
8. deep down
15. to get the cheapest
bid
9. to make fools of sb.
10. to be entitled to (do)
sth.
16. to make a gradual
shift away from…
17. to jump off
11. to be the cue to do
sth.
18. to act as a champion
for…
12. to talk back
19. to lend oneself to …
13. to lecture sb. about
sth.
20. to convict sb. of doing
sth. wrong
III. Expressions & Patterns
返回课文
Back
1. 渴望/盼望······
 to long for… (Title)
活学活用
由于备受多年内战的煎熬，全民族都渴
望和平。
Bitterly afflicted with many years of
civil war, the whole nation longs for
peace.
上一页
下一页
III. Expressions & Patterns
返回课文
Back
2. 面临着······
 to be faced with… (L. 1)
活学活用
面临各种职业选择时，你最好选择一个可以
充分施展专长或才能的职业。
When faced with various choices of career,
you’d better choose one in which to exercise
to full your specialty or talent.
上一页
下一页
III. Expressions & Patterns
返回课文
Back
3. 向······榨取······
 to bleed… for… (L. 2)
活学活用
不择手段榨取消费者钱财的奸商终将受到惩罚。
The profiteers who bleed consumers for
money by hook or by crook are bound to
come to grief in time.
上一页
下一页
III. Expressions & Patterns
返回课文
Back
4. 竭力争取；大力招揽
 to drum up (L. 6)
活学活用
每年圣诞节期间，商家们各显神通来招揽生意。
During the season of Christmas each year,
traders use their own unique tricks to drum
up their business.
上一页
下一页
III. Expressions & Patterns
返回课文
Back
5. 私下，背地里
 under the table (L. 8)
活学活用
惩治的焦点应集中在热衷于私下交易的商
人身上。
The focus of punishment should be on the
traders who are mad about business
under the table.
上一页
下一页
III. Expressions & Patterns
返回课文
Back
6. 向······屈服
 to yield to… (L. 8)
活学活用
莫道随波逐流时；出水才看两脚泥。
Don’t admit the time for yielding to the
trend;
Only when out of water can you tell the
final end.
上一页
下一页
III. Expressions & Patterns
返回课文
Back
7. 卷入/潜心于······
 to get involved in… (L. 9)
活学活用
她一旦潜心钻研某一课题，任何事情都无法使
她分心。
Once she gets involved in a research, nothing
can distract her mind from it.
上一页
下一页
III. Expressions & Patterns
返回课文
Back
8. 在心底
 deep down (L. 11)
活学活用
阿尔费雷德·诺贝尔看上去乐观开朗，但在内心
深处却感到悲伤和孤独。
Alfred Nobel appeared optimistic and
cheerful, but, deep down, he felt sad and
lonely.
上一页
下一页
III. Expressions & Patterns
返回课文
Back
9. 愚弄某人
 to make fools of sb. (L. 12)
活学活用
愚弄他人就等于愚弄自己。
Making fools of others is just the same as
laying oneself open to ridicule.
上一页
下一页
III. Expressions & Patterns
返回课文
Back
10. 有权做某事
 to be entitled to (do) sth. (L. 13)
活学活用
你没有权利告诉任何人什么是对什么是错。
You are not entitled to teach any one what is
right or what is wrong.
上一页
下一页
III. Expressions & Patterns
返回课文
Back
11. 是做某事的暗示
 to be the cue to do sth. (L. 26)
活学活用
她光彩迷人的脸庞是在暗示消费者去购买这种
化妆品。
Her shining and charming face is the
consumer’s cue to buy this type of makeup.
上一页
下一页
III. Expressions & Patterns
返回课文
Back
12. 顶嘴
 to talk back (L. 26)
活学活用
当他发现两岁的儿子学会顶嘴了，他觉得又
好气又好笑。
When he found his two-year-old son learned
to talk back, he felt angry and funny.
上一页
下一页
III. Expressions & Patterns
返回课文
Back
13. 就某事训斥某人
 to lecture sb. about sth. (L. 29)
活学活用
如果一个领导不论大事小事都爱训人，
那一定是他无能的表现。
If a leader tends to lecture his men about
anything major or minor, that must be an
expression of his incompetence.
上一页
下一页
III. Expressions & Patterns
返回课文
Back
14. 四处走动
 to get around (L. 32)
活学活用
在城里四处走走，你会强烈地感受到这里的
居民特有的淳朴和善良。
Get around in the city and you will feel
intensely the special simplicity and kindness
in the citizens here.
上一页
下一页
III. Expressions & Patterns
返回课文
Back
15. 拿到最低的报价
 to get the cheapest bid (L. 41)
活学活用
通过公开招标，我们既可以拿到最低报价又
可以杜绝暗箱操作。
Through open tender, we can not only get
the cheapest bid but prevent business under
the table as well.
上一页
下一页
III. Expressions & Patterns
返回课文
Back
16. 逐渐脱离······
 to make a gradual shift away from… (L. 50)
活学活用
一旦吸烟成瘾，想渐渐摆脱其诱惑也是难上
加难的。
Once one is addicted to smoke, it is also next
to impossible for him/her to make a gradual
shift away from its lure.
上一页
下一页
III. Expressions & Patterns
返回课文
Back
17. 突然脱离/摆脱
 to jump off (L. 51)
活学活用
说也奇怪，你越急于摆脱一种思维定式，
你越难于如愿。
Strangely, the more urge you feel to jump
off a fixed pattern of thinking, the harder
you find it to make it.
上一页
下一页
III. Expressions & Patterns
返回课文
Back
18. 成为······的捍卫者
 to act as a champion for… (L. 55)
活学活用
我们的社会需要越来越多的官员成为老百姓
利益的忠实捍卫者。
Our society needs more and more officials
to act as devoted champions for the
interests of common people.
上一页
下一页
III. Expressions & Patterns
返回课文
Back
19. 适宜于······; 同意参与······
 to lend oneself to… (L. 56)
活学活用
从不亵渎爱情的人常常是第一个品尝真爱果实
的人。
Those who never lend themselves to abuse of
love are often the first to taste the fruits of true
love.
上一页
下一页
III. Expressions & Patterns
返回课文
Back
20. 证明/宣判某人有罪
 to convict sb. of doing sth. wrong (L. 66)
活学活用
我们无权勒令他退学，除非有足够的证据
证明他考试作弊。
We have no right to order him to leave
school unless there is enough evidence to
convict him of cheating in the exam.
上一页
下一页
III. Expressions & Patterns
返回课文
Back
1. Typical patterns for unfavorable changes in sb.:
原句: Most caseworkers begin as collegeeducated liberals with high ideals. But after a
few years in a system that practically requires
people to lie, they become like the one I shall
call “Suzanne”, a detective in shorts. (L. 13)
大多数社会工作者刚开始时都是些大学毕业生，有
理想，而且思想开明。可是在这个实际上是要人撒
谎的系统里干了几年后，他们就变得与那个叫苏珊
娜的人一样了—— 一个穿运动短裤的侦探。
上一页
下一页
III. Expressions & Patterns
返回课文
Back
句型提炼
Sb. begins as… with high ideals/great
ambitions/good intentions to... But after a
few years in… /of doing sth., he/she becomes
like the one people often call “…”.某人刚开
始时是······ ，有理想/有远大抱负/有······的
美好愿望。可是在这个······里/做某事做了
几年后，他/她就变得与人们所称的······一
样了。
上一页
下一页
III. Expressions & Patterns
返回课文
Back
应用： a. 他起初是怀有远大抱负的。可是在
这个充斥着不健康信息的互联网上漫游了数载
之后，就变得与人们所称的“冷血动物”一样
了。
He was full of ambitions at the beginning. But
after a few years of wandering on the Internet
flooded with unhealthy information, he
became to like the one people would call “coldblooded animal”.
上一页
下一页
III. Expressions & Patterns
返回课文
Back
应用：b. 在那部电视剧中，许多官员刚开始都
是些有希望的人才，怀着为民造福的美好愿望。
但是在诱惑有非凡抵御力的官场上干了数载之
后，他们就变得与人们所称的“吸血鬼”一样
了。
In the teleplay, many officials begin as
promising talents with good intentions to work
for the well-being of the people. But after a few
years in the official circles that require unusual
resistance to temptation, they become like the
ones people would call “bloodsuckers”.
上一页
下一页
III. Expressions & Patterns
返回课文
Back
2. Typical patterns for the statement of facts:
原句: There is no provision in the law for a
gradual shift away from welfare. (L. 50)
如何逐渐脱离福利照顾，这在法律条款中没有明
确规定。
句型提炼
There is no provision of… in… for…
在······中没有明确/提供······ ， 使你达
到······目的。
上一页
下一页
III. Expressions & Patterns
返回课文
Back
应用：a. 书山有路勤为径。
There is provision of ways in the mountains of
books for your attainment of the summit but
diligence serves as your own path to the top.
上一页
下一页
III. Expressions & Patterns
返回课文
Back
应用：b. 学海无涯苦作舟。
There is no provision of bounds in the ocean of
learning for your attainment of the other end
but diligence serves as your own vehicle of
passage.
上一页
下一页
III. Expressions & Patterns
返回课文
Back
3. Typical patterns for suggestion:
原句: There needs to be a lawyer who can act
as a champion for the rights of welfare clients,
because the system so easily lends itself to
abuse by the welfare givers as well as by the
clients. (L. 55)
真需要有一位律师来捍卫福利救济对象的权利，因
为这一福利体制不仅容易使救济对象滥用权利，也
很容易使福利提供者滥用权力。
句型提炼
There needs to be sb./sth. who/that …,
because… 真需要有······来······, 因为······
上一页
下一页
III. Expressions & Patterns
返回课文
Back
应用：a. 真需要有越来越多的学子来对考场
作弊说“不”，因为这种现象有愈演愈烈之势。
There need to be more and more students who
can say “no” to cheating in the exams, because
this phenomenon has shown an inclination to
become from bad to worse.
上一页
下一页
III. Expressions & Patterns
返回课文
应用：b. 真需要有越来越多的仁人志士来
Back
捍卫中华民族的美德，因为它们是我们社
会生活中最不可缺少的品质和因素。
There need to be more and more publicspirited people who can act as champions for
the virtues of the Chinese nation, because they
are the vital characters and factors of our
social life.
上一页
III. Exercises — Summary
tough Living on
Life in a wheelchair is _____.
welfare is just like sharing a dinner of raw pet
with the cat. Many welfare clients do not
food ____
As a result
have money to ___
live a decent life. __________,
lying and cheating the welfare system ___
for extra
money becomes normal. However, some
made a choice to
unusual individuals, who have ____________
live a life of complete honesty, do ___
tell the truth
to caseworkers and declare
______ any extra income
they make. Being honest, however, is not
without its problems. Caseworkers will greatly
_______
下一页
III. Exercises — Summary
increase
_______ the frequency of their visits and
leave behind
______ a small mountain of paper
out The rules say
work ___
for the client to fill ___.
that not a penny is to be unaccounted
___________ for.
no matter how small, is to
___ a single gift, _____________
Not
be unreported. These rules and the natural
unfortunately tend to
consequent lying ____________
transform caseworkers from
____ being helpers
of the poor __
to being detectives constantly
searching for any forms of cheating.
_________
上一页
Exercises
Comprehension
《读写教程4》EX: II,
Vocabulary
《读写教程4》EX: III, P. 66
P. 66
《读写教程4》EX: IV, P. 67
Collocation
《读写教程4》EX: V,
Word Building
《读写教程4》EX: VI, P. 68
P. 67
《读写教程4》EX: VII, P. 68
Structure
《读写教程4》EX: VIII, P. 69
《读写教程4》EX: IX, P. 69
Translation
《读写教程4》EX: X,
P. 70
《读写教程4》EX: XI, P. 70
III. Exercises--Comprehension
Back
《读写教程 IV》: Ex. II, p. 66
II. Answer the following questions.
1. What does the author mean by saying
“A welfare client is supposed to cheat.
Everybody expects it”?
He means that a welfare client is
believed to lie to get a little extra welfare
money and those caseworkers know it
well.
上一页
下一页
III. Exercises--Comprehension
Back
2. How has the author chosen to live as a
welfare client?
He has chosen to live an honest life by
drumming up some business outside and
drawing cartoons for magazines.
3. What do caseworkers really expect welfare
clients to do?
They know clearly that they are being made
fools of by some of their clients, and they
feel they are entitled to have clients bow to
them as compensation.
上一页
下一页
III. Exercises--Comprehension
Back
4. What is the author’s attitude towards
caseworkers?
He doesn’t think those caseworkers are
to blame so he isn’t being bitter.
5. Why is the welfare system to blame,
according to the author?
Because he believes it practically requires
people to lie.
上一页
下一页
III. Exercises--Comprehension
Back
6. How could the author possibly get his
wheelchair repaired at last?
He had to call a caseworker he called Suzanne
first. After giving a little lecture, Suzanne was
supposed to notify the medical worker, who
would certify that there was a problem. Then
the medical worker called the wheelchair
repair companies to get the cheapest bid.
Then the medical worker alerted the main
welfare office. They considered the matter for
days before calling back and approving the
repair, if he was lucky.
上一页
下一页
III. Exercises--Comprehension
Back
7. What does the author think of the current
welfare system?
The system so easily lends itself to abuse by
the welfare givers as well as by the clients.
8. What kind of new welfare system does the
author dream of?
He dreams of a new system that will
encourage the clients and help them to
develop their talents, rather than seek to
convict them of cheating.
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises--Vocabulary
Back
《读写教程 IV》: Ex. III, p. 66
III. Fill in the blanks with the words given
below. Change the form where necessary.
receipt
thrive
pension
convict
bid
leak
alert
rent
entitle
profile
bleed
donation
1. If _________
convicted of the charge he could face a
prison sentence of six years.
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises--Vocabulary
receipt
thrive
pension
convict
bid
leak
Back
alert
rent
entitle
profile
bleed
donation
2. John believes that the donation
________ of food to
the hungry is more helpful than giving
money.
3. The West is ________
bleeding poorer countries dry
through interest payments on their debts.
4. It has been estimated that around one in
five pensioners _______
entitled to these benefits do
not actually claim them.
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises--Vocabulary
receipt
thrive
pension
convict
bid
leak
Back
alert
rent
entitle
profile
bleed
donation
5. I decided to keep a low ______,
profile after all I
was a guest.
6. When you retire, you are allowed to
exchange part of your expected _______
pension for
a lump sum—and this is tax-free under the
present law.
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises--Vocabulary
receipt
thrive
pension
convict
bid
leak
Back
alert
rent
entitle
profile
bleed
donation
7. My garden is too dry and shady—not many
thrive in that condition.
plants ______
8. We are ready to start services immediately
upon receipt
______ of government approval.
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises--Vocabulary
Back
《读写教程 IV》: Ex. IV, p. 67
IV. Fill in each of the following sentences with
a suitable preposition or adverb.
1. His role was to drum ____ contributions
and donations from friends in big business.
up
to
2. It’s very easy to yield ____ the temptation
to sign for a lot of money.
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises--Vocabulary
Back
3. Children who talk ____ are regarded as
cheeky (厚脸皮的) and disrespectful.
back
4. As he poured the tea, Peter wondered if
she’d told James about how she’d made a
fool ____ him; perhaps they had laughed
at him together.
of
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises--Vocabulary
Back
5. News of her pregnancy soon gets _____ in
the small neighborhood.
around
6. You should review your situation, think
about changes, look _____ the past and
present before you revise your plans for
your future.
into
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises--Vocabulary
Back
for
7. If natural selection was to account ____
the evolution of man’s higher faculties, as
Darwin was convinced it could, then those
faculties must have a material basis.
8. The computer lends itself _____ many
different uses.
to
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises--Collocation
Back
《读写教程 IV》: Ex. V, p. 67
V. Look at the following sentence taken from your
reading passage. Just think about what else you
can “endure” and fill in the sentences with the
right word.
e. g. Each time mine broke down, lost a
screw, needed a new roller bearing,
the brake wouldn’t work, etc., and I
called Suzanne, I had to endure a
little lecture.
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises--Collocation
Back
1. The two men have endured the heaviest
pressure that could be imagined rather
pres____
than betray their friend, Resenence
Jeopardy.
hardships endured by many
2. In view of the hard_____
peasants, it is hardly surprising that there
were outbreaks of discontent, sometimes in
violent forms.
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises--Collocation
Back
3. As intended, it was the highlight of the film
pain endured
and successfully reflected the pa__
by long-distance runners.
4. The general was clear that his troops could
not endure another de____
defeat in this freezing
winter.
5. The passengers were informed that they had
to endure a further de___
delay of two hours
because of the heavy fog.
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises--Collocation
Back
6. By mid-April the German soldiers were
complaining that they would rather endure
hunger than make the dangerous expeditions
hun___
(远征) for food.
7. I’d rather be a slave in comfort than endure
conditions of freedom.
those con_______
8. Little Tom had his eyes closed and his fists
clenched (捏紧) tight as he summoned (鼓起)
up every last ounce of courage in his elevenyear-old body to endure his father’s bad
temper without weeping or crying out.
tem___
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises—Word Building
Back
《读写教程 IV》: Ex. VI, p. 68
VI. The suffix -like is added to nouns to form
adjectives with the meaning of being similar to
or resembling. And the suffix -ish is added to
nouns to form adjectives with the meaning of
of the nature of or resembling. The suffix is also
added to adjectives to form new adjectives
with the meaning of having a small amount of
the characteristics or quality described by the
original adjective. For example:
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises—Word Building
violin
lady
child
dark
violin-like
ladylike
childish
darkish
Back
child
shell
fool
large
childlike
shell-like
foolish
largish
Now complete each of the following sentences
with the proper form of the words given in
brackets, using either the suffix -like or the
suffix -ish depending on the context.
1. After tea he wrote a ______
longish letter to Hilda.
(long)
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises—Word Building
violin
lady
child
dark
violin-like
ladylike
childish
darkish
Back
child
shell
fool
large
childlike
shell-like
foolish
largish
2. The local paper criticized what it
described as the __________
animal-like behavior of
the football fans. (animal)
3. I know that when I have children, I have
to be less ______.
selfish (self)
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises—Word Building
violin
lady
child
dark
violin-like
ladylike
childish
darkish
Back
child
shell
fool
large
childlike
shell-like
foolish
largish
4. The flowers of mature lime trees (酸橙树)
have a delicious _________
honey-like fragrance (芳
香). (honey)
5. There was a large, _______
ball-like structure on
the top of the building. (ball)
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises—Word Building
violin
lady
child
dark
violin-like
ladylike
childish
darkish
Back
child
shell
fool
large
childlike
shell-like
foolish
largish
6. Even as an old man he retained his ______
boyish
charm. (boy)
7. You can see that the leaves of these trees
vary from ________
yellowish green to dark green.
(yellow)
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises—Word Building
violin
lady
child
dark
violin-like
ladylike
childish
darkish
Back
child
shell
fool
large
childlike
shell-like
foolish
largish
8. It was a _______
goodish production of the play:
I’ve seen better but there have also been
far worse. (good)
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises—Word Building
Back
《读写教程 IV》: Ex. VII, p. 68
VII. The suffix -ian is added to nouns and
adjectives to form new nouns. Nouns
formed in this way refer to a person whose
job or hobby involves the thing referred to
by the original noun. For example:
mathematician: a
mathematics + -ian
person who specializes in
the study of mathematics
historian:a person who
history
上一页
+ -ian
specializes in the study
of history
下一页
V. Exercises—Word Building
Back
Look at the following words ending in -ian
and think about their meanings. Then
complete the following sentences with the
newly formed nouns.
beautician electrician magician
politician
physician
musician
technician comedian
politicians but
1. It’s strange: No one trusts _________,
we let them govern the world.
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises—Word Building
Back
beautician electrician magician
politician
physician
musician
technician comedian
2. They are looking for a laboratory
_________, who is very good at the
technician
detailed technical aspects of laboratory
management.
3. The audience burst out laughing when
comedian copied the acts of Charlie
the _________
Chaplin.
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises—Word Building
Back
beautician electrician magician
politician
physician
musician
technician comedian
4. The blind man told him that the music
seemed out of tune to their Western ears,
but it had charm and he asked him to
musicians for him.
describe the _________
5. In this country physicians
_________ are required to
report cases of dangerous contagious (传染
性的) diseases like AIDS as public-health
hazards.
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises—Word Building
Back
beautician electrician magician
politician
physician
musician
technician comedian
electricians are
6. We have been told that __________
coming to do the rewiring on Tuesday.
7. When she was in London, she worked as a
_________ and skin care specialist in an
beautician
expensive salon (沙龙).
8. The children were all amused by the
wonderful tricks the ________
magician performed.
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises—Structure
Back
《读写教程 IV》: Ex. VIII, p. 69
VIII. Study the models given below and rewrite
each of the following sentences using the
structure “be V-ed + to V ” with the verb
provided. Pay attention to the tense and
voice in the structure.
Model 1: People expect that a welfare client
cheats. (suppose)
A welfare client is supposed to cheat.
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises—Structure
Back
Model 2: It is reported that two people were
killed in the explosion. (report)
Two people are reported to have
been killed in the explosion.
1. People believe that the wanted man is living
in New York. (believe)
The wanted man is believed to be living in
New York.
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises—Structure
Back
2. It is said that many people are homeless
after the floods. (say)
Many people are said to be homeless after
the floods.
3. People say that three men were arrested
after the explosion. (say)
Three men are said to have been arrested
after the explosion.
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises—Structure
Back
4. It is thought that the prisoner escaped by
climbing over the wall. (think)
The prisoner is thought to have escaped by
climbing over the wall.
5. It is reported that four people were
seriously injured in the accident. (report)
Four people are reported to have been
seriously injured in the accident.
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises—Structure
Back
《读写教程 IV》: Ex. IX, p. 69
IX. Look at the following sentence taken from
your reading passage. The verb “stop” is
used with v-ing form. There are other verbs
in English that can be followed either by an
infinitive or an -ing form, but with different
meanings. Now rewrite each of the sentences
with the verb in the brackets and take care to
think whether to use -ing form or infinitive.
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises—Structure
Back
Model: The government no longer took care of
our chairs. (stop)
The government stopped taking care of
our chairs.
1. He did send her flowers, but it didn’t have
any effect. (try)
He tried sending her flowers, but it didn’t
have any effect.
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises—Structure
Back
2. I don’t feel sorry about telling her what I
thought, even if I upset her. (regret)
I don’t regret telling her what I thought,
even if I upset her.
3. She read a biography (传记) about Charlie
Chaplin, which described him as a Marxist.
(remember)
She remembered reading a biography
about Charlie Chaplin, which described
him as a Marxist.
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises—Structure
Back
4. We feel sorry but we have to inform you
that we are unable to offer you
employment. (regret)
We regret to inform you that we are unable
to offer you employment.
5. He first welcomed the new student and then
he turned to the topic of college regulations
and made some explanations. (go on)
He welcomed the new student and then
went on to explain the college regulations.
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises—Translation
Back
《读写教程 IV》: Ex. X, p. 70
X. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. 从法律上说，你完全可以将质量不过关的商
品退还给那家商店，但是应该解释清楚为什
么。
legally
to be entitled to do
to account for
You are legally entitled to take faulty goods back
to the store where you purchased them, but you
are supposed to account for why you want to do
so.
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises—Translation
Back
2. 你只需填写一张表格就取得了会员资格，
它可以使你在买东西时享受打折的优惠。
to fill out
a form
to entitle you to a
discount on goods
You only need to fill out a form to get your
membership, which entitles you to a
discount on goods.
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises—Translation
Back
3. 一年前,那位汽车经销商(dealer) 以优质服
务来招揽顾客,如今他的生意已十分红火。
by offering
good services
to drum up
buyers
business be
thriving
One year ago, the car dealer tried to drum up
buyers by offering good services. Now, his
business is thriving.
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises—Translation
Back
4. 这桩刑事案件经过仔细调查后，他被证明
犯了谋杀罪。
to be convicted
of murder
to look into
carefully
The crime was looked into carefully before
he was convicted of murder.
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises—Translation
Back
5. 我的车子在高速公路上抛锚后,我打电话向
高速公路巡逻队(the Freeway Service Patrol)
求助,20分钟后他们帮我解了围,留下了一张
150美元的收据。
to come to
to call…
to break
my rescue
down
for help
I called the Freeway Service Patrol for help
after my car broke down on the freeway.
Twenty minutes later, they came to my rescue
and left a $ 150 receipt.
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises—Translation
Back
6. 由于面临失业的危险，这些工人只好接受
了管理部门的意见，重新回去工作。
to be faced
with…
to yield to…
Faced with the threat of losing their jobs,
these workers yielded to the management’s
advice and went back to work .
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises—Translation
Back
7. 拐走孩子的那名中年男子向男孩的父亲
敲诈了两万美金，来补偿他公司的损失。
to bleed sb.
for…
as a compensation
for the loss
The middle-aged man who took the boy
bled the father for $20,000 as a
compensation for the loss of his company.
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises—Translation
Back
8. 这个靠救济过日子的人开始慢慢地建立
了自己的市场，生意日渐兴隆。
the man living
on welfare
business be
thriving
one step
at a time
The man living on welfare began to set up
his own market, one step at a time and his
business is thriving.
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises--Translation
Back
《读写教程 IV》: Ex. XI, p. 70
XI. Translate the following sentences into
Chinese.
1. A welfare client is supposed to cheat. Everybody
expects it.
每个人都觉得靠社会福利救济的人在骗人。
上一页
下一页
Back
V. Exercises--Translation
2. But even if I yielded to that temptation, big
magazines are not going to get involved in
some sticky situation.
但即使我抵抗不住这种诱惑，我投稿的那
些大杂志也不愿给自己惹麻烦。
上一页
下一页
Back
V. Exercises--Translation
3. Deep down, caseworkers know that they are
being made fools of by many of their clients,
and they feel they are entitled to have
clients bow to them as compensation.
社会工作者心底里知道许多救济对象在欺
骗他们，因此他们觉得，作为补偿，他们
有权让救济对象点头哈腰。
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises--Translation
Back
4. This was my cue to beg. Instead, I talked back.
她这是在暗示我：得哀求她了。但是我却将她
顶了回去。
5. Suzanne tries to lecture me about repairs to
my wheelchair, which is always breaking
down because welfare won’t spend the money
to maintain it properly.
苏珊娜试图就修理轮椅的问题训斥我。由于福利
部门不愿花钱好好地修，所以我的轮椅经常坏。
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises--Translation
Back
6. Of course I do. I’m an active worker, not a
vegetable.
我当然得经常用我的轮椅。我是一个工作
很积极的人，又不是植物人。
7. There is no provision in the law for a
gradual shift away from welfare.
如何逐渐脱离福利照顾，这在法律条款中
没有明确规定。
上一页
下一页
V. Exercises--Translation
Back
8. There needs to be a lawyer who can act as
a champion for the rights of welfare
clients, because the system so easily lends
itself to abuse by the welfare givers as well
as by the clients.
我们需要一位律师来捍卫福利救济对象的
权利，因为这一福利体制不仅容易使救济
对象滥用权力，也很容易使福利提供者滥
用权力。
上一页
下一页
Ⅵ. Writing
Definitions of Something
1. 人们对某一事物的不同界定。
2. 其正确的定义为······
3. 如何对待该事物？
（界定说明文）
写作模式
参考范文
Back
写作模式（界定说明文）
1) Something may be many things to
many people./People usually view
something from different perspectives. (主
题引入) 2) Some would prefer to define it
as… while others would like to interpret it
as… (人们的不同解读) 3) There are still
some others who are inclined to regard it
as…(人们的进一步解读)
（划线部分可替换）
上一页
下一页
Ⅵ.
Writing
Back
4) If seen in its true colors/In a proper sense/
In essence, however, something is nothing but…,
no matter what… (正确的界定) 5) The key to
the issue is the yardstick you use for measuring.
(进一步阐述) 6）If you…, you are more likely
to… but, if you…, you have more chances
to…(进一步阐述) 7) On the other hand,
something is also a becoming.(进一步界定) 8)
It goes up along with… whereas it goes down
together with… (进一步阐述)
上一页
（划线部分可替换）
下一页
Ⅵ.
Writing
Back
9) So there is much need to... 10) To
achieve this/To make it, you’d better learn
how to…, which/as…(建议I) 11) And
meanwhile, you may…, after which, you
will… (建议II) 12) But most important/
vital for you is… (建议III)
上一页
（划线部分可替换）
下一页
Ⅵ.
Writing
Back
The True Meaning of Self-worth
1. 人们对自我价值的不同界定。
2. 其正确的定义为······
3. 如何培养正确的自我价值观？
上一页
下一页
Ⅵ.
Writing
Back
1) Self-worth may be many things to
many people. (主题引入) 2) Some would
prefer to define it as the wealth they have
achieved while others would like to
interpret it as the social status they enjoy.
(人们的不同解读)3) There are still some
others who are inclined to regard it as the
esteem of others they have gained. (人们的
进一步解读)
上一页
下一页
Ⅵ.
Writing
Back
4) If seen in its true colors, however, selfworth, or self-esteem, is nothing but a
positive acceptance of your whole self, no
matter what you are in society. (正确的界定)
5) The key to the issue is the yardstick you
use for measuring. (进一步阐述) 6）If you
tend to weigh yourself on the scale of the
more successful or the judgment of others,
you are more likely to feel down on yourself,
上一页
下一页
Ⅵ.
Writing
Back
but if you love to compare your advantages
with others’ disadvantages, you have more
chances to overestimate your own value.(进一
步阐述) 7) On the other hand, self-worth is
also a becoming.(进一步界定) 8) It goes up
along with more and more worth you prove to
society whereas it goes down together with less
and less effort you make in what counts to
society as well as to your life. (进一步阐述)
上一页
下一页
Ⅵ.
Writing
Back
9) So there is much need to develop a
proper self-worth. 10) To achieve this, you’d
better learn how to reinforce the belief that
every individual has unique worth, which
awaits his/her discovery.(建议I) 11) And
meanwhile, you may choose a goal within your
reach and attain it, after which, you will have
a better opinion of your self-worth. (建议II)
12) But most important for you is to build up
your self-worth through greater and greater
efforts in your study and work.(建议III)
上一页
THE END
返回
Text
渴望新的福利救济制度
Para. 1
人人都觉得福利救济对象是在骗
人。我认识的许多坐轮椅的人面临与宠物猫
分吃生猫食的窘境，都会向福利机构多榨取
几美元。为了能领到一点额外的福利款，他
们告诉政府说他们实际上少拿了200美元的
养老金，或告诉社会工作者，说房东又提高
了100美元的房租。
Text
返回
Para. 2
我选择了过一种完全诚实的生活，
因此我不会那样做，而是四处找活，揽些画
漫画的活。我甚至还告诉福利机构我赚了多
少钱！噢，私下里领一笔钱当然对我也挺有
吸引力，但即使我抗不住这种诱惑，我投稿
的那些大杂志也不会去给自己惹麻烦。他们
会保留我的记录，而这些记录会直接进入政
府的电脑。真是态度鲜明，毫不含糊。
Text
返回
Para. 3
作为一名福利救济对象，我必须
在社会工作者面前卑躬屈膝。社会工作者心
里知道许多救济对象在欺骗他们，因此他们
觉得，作为补偿，他们有权让救济对象向他
们点头哈腰。我并不是故意感到忿忿不平。
大多数社会工作者刚开始时都是些大学毕业
生，有理想，而且思想开明。可是在这个实
际上是要人撒谎的系统里干了几年后，他们
就变得与那个叫苏珊娜的人一样了——一个
穿运动短裤的侦探。
Text
返回
去年圣诞节，苏珊娜到我家来了解情况，
看到墙上贴着新的宣传画，便问：“你从哪儿弄
到钱来买这些？”
Para. 5 “朋友和家人。”
Para. 6 “那么，你最好要张收据，真的，你接
受任何捐献或礼物都要报告。”
Para. 7 她这是在暗示我：得哀求她了。但是我
却将她顶了回去。“ 那天在马路上有人给我一根
烟，我也得报告吗？”
Para. 8 “对不起，卡拉汉先生，可是规定不是
我制定的。”
Para. 4
Text
返回
苏珊娜试图就修理轮椅的问题训斥
我。由于福利部门不愿意花钱好好地修理，
所以它总是坏。“您是知道的，卡拉汉先生，
我听说您的那台轮椅比一般人用得多得多。”
Para. 10 我当然用得多，我是个工作很积极
的人，又不是植物人。我住在闹市区附近，
可以坐着轮椅到处走走。我真想知道如果她
突然摔坏臀部，不得不爬着去上班时，是什
么感受。
Para. 9
Text
返回
Para. 11
政府削减福利开支已经导致许多
人挨饿受苦，我只是其中之一。但这种削减
对脊柱伤残的人士更有特别的影响：政府已
经不管我们的轮椅了。每次我的轮椅坏了，
掉了螺丝，需要换轴承，或刹车不灵等，我
都打电话给苏珊娜，但每次都要挨训。她最
后总会说：好吧，如果今天我能抽出时间的
话，我会找医务人员的。
返回
Text
Para. 12
她该通知医务人员，由他来证
明问题确实存在，然后打电话给各家轮椅维
修公司，拿到最低的报价。接着医务人员就
通知州府的福利总部，他们再花几天时间考
虑这件事。而这期间我只能躺在床上，动弹
不得。最后，如果我幸运的话，他们会给我
回电话，同意维修。
返回
Text
Para. 13
当福利部门获悉我画漫画赚钱时，
苏珊娜就开始每两个星期 “拜访” 我一次，
而不是每两个月才一次了。她寻遍每个角落，
想找出我未上报的电器，或者是女仆、烤炉
里的烤猪、停在房后新买的直升飞机什么的。
她从来都是一无所获，但最后我总要填厚厚
的一叠表格，说明每一分钱的来历。
返回
Text
Para. 14
如何逐渐脱离福利照顾，这在
法律条款中没有明确规定。我是一个独立的
生意人，正在慢慢建立起自己的市场。 要
脱离福利救济，一下子做到每月能挣 2,000
美元是不可能的。但我很想自己负担部分生
活费用，不必在每次需要为轮椅买点配件时
都去尴尬地求人。
Text
返回
Para. 15 真需要有一位律师来捍卫福利救
济对象的权利，因为这一福利体制不仅容易
使救济对象滥用权利，也很容易使福利提供
者滥用权力。前几天，由于药剂师说我使用
的医疗用品超出常量，于是福利部门派苏珊
娜到我的住所调查。我确实多用了，因为外
科手术所造的排尿孔的大小改变了，于是尿
袋的连接处发生渗漏。
Text
Para. 16
返回
她正做着记录，我家的电话铃
响了。苏珊娜接听了电话，是一位州议员打
来的，这使她慌了一下。数以千计像我这样
的福利救济对象，如果允许的话，可以慢慢
地负担自己的一部分甚至全部生活费用，对
此，我会不会在州政府的委员会里尝试做点
儿什么呢？
Text
Para. 17
返回
还用说吗？我当然会！总有一
天，像我这样的福利救济对象将在一种新的
福利制度下过上好日子，这种制度不是要千
方百计证明福利救济对象在欺骗，而是要鼓
励他们自立。他们将能自由地、毫无愧疚、
毫不担忧地发挥他们的才干，或拥有一份稳
定的好工作。