Transcript 古代指南车
中国古代指南车 Ancient Chinese Compass Vehicle 研究报告 Study Report 组员：李张谭，王炜，温哲西，徐瑞琨，张博崴 Members: Zhangtan Li ;Maxwell Wen ;Ruikun Xu; Wei Wang Bowei Zhang 组长：温哲西 Leader :Maxwell Wen ours way to do the study report 我们采取了双线研究： 组B进行古代指南车结构、原理等 相关研究；组A则是创新出一种与古代指南车不同的方案。 这样，不仅我们可以了解认识古代指南车，而且能培养我 们的创新思考能力 。 we divide our reseach group into two groups,group A and B. Students in A do reseach about ancient compass vehicle. Gourp B create a different compass vehicle. This not only help us comprehnd ancient compass vechile,but also cultivate our creative minds 目录(Catalogue) 有关思路介绍(our solution) 点击(click) 组A的研究(group A’s ) 点击(click) 组B的研究(group B’s) 点击(click) 总结(summary) 点击(click) A小组的研究 在研究中我们发现：车辆在行驶中，能产 生指南效果，只有利用两轮的转速不同， 利用其他的变量达不到指南效果。 Group A finds that if we want the vehcile to show the directions ,the only way that we can chose is to take advantages of the different speed between two wheels when it takes turns. 下一页(next page) A组的设计图 Group A’s solution to the compass vehicle 错误(error)！！ (ω1×R1)/R3=(ω2×R2)/R4 R3 ω1 （原创） R1 R4 R2 ω2 下一页 (next page) 返回(back) 小组B的研究 小组B则是利用上网搜索、在图书馆查阅资 料以及与同学讨论等途径，分析已复原指 南车的结构和过程原理。 group B mainly study the construction of restored ancient Chinese compass vehicle by searching the internet ,consulting books and discussing with group members . 下一页(next page) 复原示意图 The design of restored ancient chinse compass vehicle 转轴 辕的后端 axle Tip B 齿轮A Gear-wheel A 绳子 rope 齿轮B Gear-wheel B 齿轮B落下后的位置 Gear-wheel B anther position 动画(flash) 下一页(next page) 复原3D图 Stereoscopic structure of Ancient Chinese compass veichile 辕的后端 Tip B 辕的前端 Tip A 转轴 axle 绳子 rope 齿轮B gear-wheel B 辕的固定转点 the axle for shaft 下一页(next page) 燕肃的指南车是一辆双轮独辕车，车上立 一木人，伸臂指南。车中，除两个沿地面 滚动的车轮外，尚有大小不同的7个齿轮。 《宋史·舆服志》分别记载了这些齿轮的直 径或圆周以及其中一些齿轮的齿距与齿数。 由齿数、转动数，并保证木人指南的目的， 可见古人掌握了关于齿轮匹配的力学知识 和控制齿轮离合的方法。车轮转动，带动 附于其上的垂直齿轮 (称“附轮”或“附立 足子轮”) ，该附轮又使与其啮合的小平轮 转动，小平轮带动中心大平轮。指南木人 的立轴就装在大平轮中心。当车转弯时， 车辕会自动控制车上的离合装置，即竹绳、 滑轮(分别居于车左或车右的小轮) 和铁坠 子，就可以控制大平轮的转动，从而使木 人指向不变. 下一页(next page) Yan Su guide car is a two-wheeled single House car, car-li a blockhead, cantilevers guide. The car, in addition to two full rounds of rolling along the ground (ie, wheels), there are different sizes of the seven gears. "Sung • Yu Fu Chi" were recorded in these gear diameter or circumference, as well as some of the gear tooth spacing and number of teeth. By the number of teeth, rotation number, and to ensure that blockhead purpose of the guide can be seen on the gear matching the ancients mastered the knowledge and control of the mechanical gear clutch method. The vertical guide blockhead Ohira wheel mounted on the center. When the car turns, the thill the car will be 下一页(next page) automatic clutch device, the bamboo rope, pulley (respectively left or living in cars right car ferry) and iron pendant, you can control the Ohira wheel rotation, so that point is not blockhead change 下一页(next page) 来举个例子 Let me set an example 下一页(next page) 例如:当车向右转弯，则其前辕(车把 的前端,人手拖车的地方)向右，后辕 (车把的尾端,和前辕之间有钉子钉住, 好像跷跷板一样)必向左。后辕连接 两根竹绳，这两根竹绳分别绕过两个 处与同一水平面上的滑轮（滑轮在左 右小平轮之上），绑定在左右小平轮 的轴上。此时后辕向左移动，通过竹 绳和滑轮,把右小平轮拉起，从而与 大平轮啮合，大平轮就随右小平轮而 逆转。 下一页 (next page) When the compass vehicle turns left ,the tip of the shaft which is connected with houses turns left too. Before the vehicle takes turns, two part of the rope are in same length. When the vehicle turns left ,the tip turning right will change the both two part of rope ‘s length, then one of the gear-wheel will fall down, and it will in harmony with the gear wheel . 下一页(next page) 同时拉左小平轮的竹绳松弛，以致 左小平轮受重力影响而下落，从而 与大平轮脱离开（其实左右两个小 平轮在车直走的时候都是出于大平 轮下面，与大平轮分开，而现在的 左小平轮距离大平轮更往下了）。 这样一来，车往右转，左小平轮没 用，右小平轮使大平轮向左转。由 于各个齿轮匹配合理，车轮转向的 弧度与大平轮逆转弧度相同，故木 人指向不变。 下一页(next page) At the same time the bamboo rope pulling the left small gear goes slack ,resulting in the left small gear falling down because of gravity.So the left small gear is apart from the big gear(in fact, the two small gears are under the big gear and apart from the big gear when the car goes straight, but now the left small gear becomes lower down). As a result,when the car turns right,the left small gear is useless,and the right small wheel makes the big gear turn left.Because different gears match reasonably and the car wheel rotates the same arc with the big gear in the opposite direction,the dummy points at the same direction. 返回(back) Our solutions to this subject 很简单，在指南车中我们能利用的只 有两个车轮在转弯时，不同的角速度 The solution is quite simple, we just take the advantages of the different speed between two wheels when the vehicle takes turns 返回(Back) 总结 Summary 通过本次实验，各组员对指南车有了较深刻 的了解，体会到了古人的智慧，对简单的传 动装置也有一定的接触。而小组内的互相讨 论、合作提高了我们的实际动手能力和团队 协作水平。最重要的是每个组员都在学习中 有所收获。 The things we want to share with you 作为一个团体，当每个人都尽心尽力去做 好自己的工作时，每个人做的多少就没有了意义， 因为每个人的工作都是重要的，是缺一不可的。 As a team, when every member tried his or her best to achieve the goal, their works are all important, no matter how little had he done . 谢谢您的聆听！ Thanks for your listening! 完 The End thanks!!