Transcript Document

New Horizon College English
Book Four
Unit Five
Text A
Are Books an Endangered Species?
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Pre-reading Activities
Text Analysis
Expressions & Patterns
Test yourself
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I. Pre-reading Activities: Listen, Look & Say
Back
Proverbs and Sayings about Books
Compound Dictation
Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks
.
Watch & Discuss
Watch the video and discuss the given topics.
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I. Pre-reading Activities:
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Studies serve for delight, for ornament,
and for ability.
---Francis Bacon
读书足以怡情，
足以博采，
足以长才。
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Histories make men wise; poets witty; the
mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep;
moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.---Francis Bacon
读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人
周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，
逻辑修辞使人善辨。
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Reading a good book
is talking to a great man.
读一本好书就是
和伟人在谈话。
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I. Pre-reading Activities:
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Compound Dictation
Directions:
You will hear a passage. It will be
read twice. Listen carefully and
supply the missing words.
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• So you think (S1) ___________ music from the Internet
through a phone line is a really cool thing modern thing?
Not so. In 1896, Thaddeus Cahill filed a patent on the
instrument for transmitting music electronically, and (S2)
___________ 1914 he sent music (S3) ___________
down telephone lines with this instrument. And he wasn’t
even the first. Elisha Gray (S4) ___________ music over
a telephone line in 1876, which was the same year the
telephone was (S5) ___________. Gray invented the
first (S6)___________ music instrument in 1874, calling
it the “Musical Telegraph”. Alexander Graham Bell also
designed an (S7) ___________ “Electric Harp” for (S8)
___________ to be transmitted over a telephone line
using technology similar to Gray’s. Bell was a speech
teacher for the (S9) ___________. In 1879 he created
an instrument to measure hearing loss. That is why the
(S10) ___________ of loudness came to be measured in
bels or decibels.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
S1.downloading
S2. until
S3. signals
S4. transmitted
S5. invented
S6. electronic
S7. experimental
S8. speech
S9. deaf
S10. degrees
I. Pre-reading Activities: Listen, Look & Say
Directions:
Watch the video and
then discuss the topics
as follows:
1. What is your ideal college like?
2. What do you think of your present
campus life?
Video watching
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Text Analysis
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in-class questions
Question 1
Question 2
Are Books an Endangered Species?
In the house where I grew up, we had a room we called
the library. It wasn't a real library, of course. It was just a
small room that was dominated by a television set. But
there were bookshelves built into all four walls, and
hundreds of books surrounded us in that room. The
books, collected by my parents and grandparents
throughout their lifetimes, were a part of my childhood.
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Text Analysis
in-class questions
Question for para.3
Para.2
My generation, the generation that came of
age in the 1950s and 1960s, may be the last to
appreciate being surrounded by millions of words
working together to create plots of every kind. These
days, in the 1970s, we are seeing a gradual, but
unmistakable, movement away from such things. The
book — a precious symbol of the permanence of
thought, the handing down of wisdom from one
generation to the next — may be a new addition to our
list of endangered species.
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Text Analysis
in-class questions
Question for para.4
Para.3 I have a friend who runs a bookstore in a
college town close by. He says that he can certainly
notice the changing of the tides just by looking at the
things students are buying, and not buying, right now.
"You know how we used to see people carrying around
book bags?" he tells me. "Well, now I look out the
window of my shop, and all I see are students carrying
parcels from the record stores. Students who like to
read are scarce these days."
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Text Analysis
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Para.4 And he may be right. Stories of problems
young people have with reading are not new, though
things seem to be getting worse. Recently, the head of
the University of Illinois's branch campus in Chicago
reinforced the reality of such a problem in saying that
10 percent of the freshmen at his university could read
no better than the average student in elementary school.
As sad a statement as this is, there is something that will
frighten you even more: of those same college freshmen,
the chancellor reported that many had ranked in the top
half of their high school classes!
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Text Analysis
in-class questions
Question for para.4-8
Para.5a The consequences such a reality brings
to the nation are abundant, and will become even
more plentiful in the years to come. Such serious
effects are already being felt in the cultural
marketplace, where commercial book sales are
sliding quickly. A first-rate work of fiction, for
instance, if it has any luck at all, will sell perhaps
3,000 copies in its first run.
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Text Analysis
in-class questions
Question for para.4-8
Para.5b But what about a music record? Well, a
new group on the music scene, "Boston,"
recently released its first record. Sales so far have
exceeded 3.5 million copies. What does such a
contrast say about the society we are living in?
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Text Analysis
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Para.6a Much of the problem, I think, is that we
live in a passive age. To listen to a record, to sit
through a movie, to watch cartoons on television —
these activities all require nothing of the cultural
consumer, save his mere presence. Reading a book,
though, requires that the consumer become an active
participant. The person cannot just sit there; he must
do something, even though the "something" is as
simple an action as opening the book, closing the door,
and beginning to read.
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Text Analysis
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Para.6b In generations before my own, this
activity was as much a part of life as sleeping
and eating — it was an outlet into another
world. But now, at the dawn of the information
age, such reverence is not given to the reading
of books. If a young American reads at all, he is
far more likely to purchase a book, give it a
quick inspection, and then throw it away.
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Text Analysis
in-class questions
Question for para.10
Para.10-11 Ultimately, in an age when
everything seems to be disposable, the book one
keeps and reads time and again is nothing more
than a primitive item from the past with little or
no place in a society that is always on the go.
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Expressions and patterns
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Are Books an Endangered Species?
Paraphrase: Are books going to disappear
Species：a group of animals or plants which are all similar and can
Breed together to produce young of the same kind.
（动植物的）物种；种
More example
This rare bird has become an endangered species.
这种珍禽已成为濒临灭绝的物种。
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My generation, the generation that came of age in
the 1950s and 1960s, may be the last to appreciate
being surrounded by millions of words working
together to create plots of every kind.
Paraphrase:
My generation reached the age of adult
in the 1950s and 1960s. And we may be the last
generation who like being surrounded
by a large number of books telling all kinds of stories.
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expression:
Come of age: reach the age (usually 18 or 21) when one is
considered by law to be a responsible adult成年；达到法定年龄
（通常为18岁或21岁）
More example
When you come of age, you can travel alone.
等成年后，你就可以独自去旅行。
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Word
survive: to stay alive despite an injury, illness, war
Etc.(经历伤病、战争等)幸存，活下来
More example
Just eight passengers survived the plane crash.
再这次飞机失事中仅有八名乘客幸免于难。
His doctor says it is a miracle that he survived
他的医生说他能活下来真是个奇迹。
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These days, in the 1970s, we are seeing a
gradual, but unmistakable, movement away from such things.
Paraphrase:
These days, in the 1970s, there is a definite tendency,
slow though it might be, that fewer and fewer people
are buying and reading books.
movement: tendency
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The book —a precious symbol of the permanence of
thought, the handing down of wisdom from one
generation to the next —may be a new addition to our
list of endangered species.
Paraphrase: The book is regarded as a valuable symbol
of keeping human ideas for ever and of passing on
knowledge from one generation to the next. Now it may
well be another thing that is going to disappear, just like
many other species.
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phrase
hand down: give or leave to people who are younger or who
live on after传给（后代）
more examples
These paintings have been handed down to us through
three generations.
这些画是经过三代人传给我们的。
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Recently, the head of the University of Illinois's branch
campus in Chicago reinforced the reality of such a
problem in saying that 10 percent of the freshmen at his
university could read no better than the average student
in elementary school.
Paraphrase:
Recently, the president of the Chicago branch of the
University of Illinois emphasized the existence of such a
problem. He said that the reading ability of 10 percent of
the first-year students at his university was only equal to
that of average students in elementary school.
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Word
reinforce: vt. give strength or support to 加强；
增强
More examples
His words reinforced his neighbor’s hatred toward him.
他的话使邻居更加恨他。
Their guess is strongly reinforced by the latest
trade figures.
最新贸易数字有力地证实了他们的猜测。
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As sad a statement as this is, there is something that
will frighten you even more: of those same college
freshmen, the chancellor reported that many had
ranked in the top half of their high school classes!
Paraphrase:
While this concept might be a sad one, the president
pointed out something even more shocking. That is,
among the same freshmen at his university who were
mentioned above, many were in the better half in their
high school classes.
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word
rank：have a particular position in a list of people
or things 具有…等级（地位）
New York State ranks first in wealth.
纽约市是最富的一个州。
Shanghai ranks as one of the world’s largest cities.
上海是世界最大的城市之一。
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A first-rate work of fiction, for instance, if it has any
luck at all, will sell perhaps 3, 000 copies in its first
run.
Paraphrase:
A well-written first class novel, for example, if it is
lucky, will sell perhaps 3,000 copies in its first printing.
instance： an example of a particular kind of situation
例子；实例
more examples
Could you tell me one instance of his not behaving well?
你能举一个他行为不端的例子吗？
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To listen to a record, to sit through a movie, to
watch cartoons, on television — these activities all
require nothing of the cultural consumer, save his
mere presence.
Paraphrase:
To listen to music, to watch movies, or to watch
cartoons on television requires no intellectual efforts
on the part of the audience; what these activities need
is simply that you are present at such events.
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Phrase
Sit through: attend a meeting, performance, etc. and
stay until the end 一直坐到（会议、演出等）结束
more examples
I don’t understand the lecture, but I managed to sit through
it. 我听不懂那个讲座，但我还是尽力把它听完了。
Phrase
Cultural consumer: a person who pays for the music, movies
and cartoons he/she finds entertaining文化消费者
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Reading a book, though, requires that the
consumer become an active participant.
Paraphrase: Reading a book, however, demands
that you read actively.
Grammar
Require等表示“命令、决定、建议”等词语后的
that引导的从句中，不管主语是什么人称，动词一律
用“原型”
或“should＋原型”。除了require外，同样用法的
词语还有insist, order, suggest, demand,
command, advise, instruct, request等。
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examples
He ordered that the books (should) be sent to his office at once.
他要求必须马上将这些书送到他的办公室。
Mary insisted that John (should) come. 玛丽坚持要约翰来。
I suggested that he (should) finish up that project quickly.
我建议他尽快将项目做完。
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Ultimately, in an age when everything seems
to be disposable, the book one keeps and
reads time and again is nothing more than a
primitive item from the past with little or no
place in a society that is always on the go.
Paraphrase：Finally, in a time when everything
can be thrown away after being used, the book a
person keeps and reads repeatedly is just an outdated
thing with little or no place in a society that is always
busy and fast-paced.
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Phrase
On the go: working all the time or very busy忙碌；
忙个不停
Example
I’ve been on the go all day and I’m worn out.
我忙碌一整天，累得筋疲力尽了。
Life after leaving school is always on the go.
毕业后的生活总是不停地忙碌着。
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Test Yourself—Multiple Choice
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Multiple Choice
For each sentence there are four choices
marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the
ONE answer that best completes the
sentence.
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1. The film managed to turn the _____ of
American opinion against the war.
A. tide
C. center
B. topic
D. view
2. He was unwilling to join them, for his _____
would make her angry.
A. present
C. presence
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B. existence
D. being
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3. The new concert hall will be built in the
center of the university_______.
A. campus
B. garden
C. playground
D. yard
4. Price tends to ______ all other
considerations.
A. decorate
B. deny
C. dominate
D. doubt
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5. Opportunities to practice the language were
______.
A. plentiful
B. many
C. few
D. a few
6. With prices ______ fast, small computers
are becoming popular.
A. sliding
B. rising
C. changing
D. going
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7. The driver was fined by the police for
______ the speed limit.
exceeding
A. breaking
B.
C. proceeding
D. reaching
8. Fresh water and medicine were _____ in the
flooded region.
A. small
B. scarce
C. little
D. popular
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9. Success in the talks will _____ his
reputation as an international statesman.
A. multiple
B. stimulate
C. refresh
D.
reinforce
10. Many divorced fathers only have ______
to their children on weekends.
A. access
B. entrance
C. means
D. approach
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Questions for para1
How did the author spend his childhood?
Reference
words:
Read books
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Question for para.2
What was the change in the 1970s?
Reference
words:
Fewer and fewer people read books.
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Questions for para.2
What was the situation of the book?
Reference
words:
A new addition to the list of endangered species
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Question for para.3
What are students interested in nowadays?
Reference
words:
More interested in music parcels than books
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Question for para.4
What is the problem of the college students
nowadays?
Reference
words:
10 percent of the freshmen could read no better than
the average student in elementary school
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Questions for para.5
What is the contrast in the cultural marketplace?
Reference
words:
Books sell much worse than music records
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Questions for para.6
What are the possible reasons that people give up
reading?
Reference
words:
the passive age we are live in; reading books
requires more.
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Question for the text
In your opinion, what can be the best solution to
this problem?
Reference
words:
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Text Analysis
书是濒危物种吗?
•
在我长大成人的家里，有一间屋子我们称其为
“图书馆”。当然那不是真正的图书馆。 它只是
一间很小的房间，屋里的一台电视机十分显眼。但
它四面墙上嵌着书架，环绕一圈， 藏书达数百本之
多。我的父母和祖父母穷其一生收集的这些书构成
了我童年的一部分。
•
我这一代，即在20世纪50年代和60年代长大成人
的这一代，也许是喜欢被营造各种情节的无数文字
包围的最后一代。在20世纪70年代的今天，我们看
到一个缓慢但却毋庸置疑的远离书本的趋势。书
本——在其中，思想凝固成永恒，智慧代代相传—
—很可能成为濒危物种名单上的新成员。
Text Analysis
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• 我有个朋友，在附近的大学城开了家书店。他说从
学生买什么、不买什么，就可以发现这一趋势。他
告诉我说：“我们过去常见的是人们买成包的书。
可是现在呢，我从店里的窗户往外看，只看见学生
们从唱片店里买走成包的东西。这年头喜欢看书的
学生已经不多了。”
•
也许他是对的。尽管情况似乎不妙，年轻人在读
书上存在问题却不是个新发现。最近，伊利诺伊州
大学芝加哥分校校长的一番话证实了这个问题的存
在。他说在他的大学，10％的新生只有普通小学生
的阅读水平。这个说法已经够让人悲哀的了，更令
人触目惊心的是，同样还是这批新生，该校长指出
他们很多人在高中时居然还是班级里的佼佼者。
Text Analysis
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• 这种现状对国家所造成的影响是多方面的，
将来还会更多。文化市场已经感受到了它
的严重影响，书籍的销量一落千丈。举个
例子说，如果运气好的话，一部一流小说
第一印可卖出3，000册。可是让我们看看
音乐唱片的情况吧。一个刚刚在音乐界崭
露头角的新组合“波士顿”，最近出了第
一张唱片。到目前为止，销量已逾350万
张。这样一个反差说明我们社会的什么问
题呢?
Text Analysis
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• 我认为问题主要在于我们身处一个被动的时代。
听音乐、看电影、看电视上的卡通片， 这些活
动对文化消费者没有任何要求，只需到场即可。
但是读书却要求消费者成为积极的 参与者。他
不能只是坐在那里，而必须做些什么，尽管这
些事情很简单，如打开书、关上 门然后开始阅
读。对于我的先辈们来说，读书和吃饭睡觉一
样是生活的一部分。它是通 往另一个世界的通
道。可是现在，随着信息时代的到来，读书却
不再如此被推崇。如果 说一个美国年轻人想读
点什么的话，他很可能就是买本书，快速地浏
览一遍，然后就甩在一边了。
Text Analysis
• 处于一个任何东西都可用完就扔掉的时代，一
本被珍藏并反复阅读的书最终不过是旧时代的
古物，在高速运转的时代几无立足之处了。
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