Transcript Solar, wind, hydro, CHP in Thailand: technology, cost, potential, applications Palang Thai Citizen’s meeting on Power Sector Reform Chris Greacen November 25, 2007 Bangkok, Thailand.

Solar, wind, hydro, CHP in Thailand:
technology, cost, potential, applications
Palang Thai
Citizen’s meeting on Power Sector Reform
Chris Greacen
November 25, 2007
Bangkok, Thailand
Solar
13.7 km
TESCO Lotus, Rama I,
460 kWp, Cost: 75,165,000 baht
13.7 km
0.037% of
Thailand area 
100% peak load
(22,586 MW)
World-wide
2006: 6,000 MWp cumulative
2007: >9,000 MWp cumulative
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Solar
3 kW = 660,000 baht
Thai population: 65,069,000
Person per household: 5
Households: 13,014,000
System size: 3 kW
If 58% of households  100% of peak load
VSPP subsidy: 8 baht / kWh
Thai government solar
home program
203,000 solar home systems
>20% failure rate within first year in Tak
Wind
Thai wind
potential:
1600 MW (?)
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Hundreds of watts to 5 MW per turbine
Now over 15,000 MW in Germany
Denmark gets >17% electricity from wind
At windy site, US 5 cents/kWh (1.65 baht/kWh)
In Thailand: 6 baht/kWh (?)
VSPP subsidy: 2.5 baht/kWh (3.5?)
1 MW = 35,000,000 baht
28,530 MW =
Thailand’s
peak load in
2007
•Installed in Thailand: 1 MW
Wind energy – human scale
http://natee2007.thaiza.com
8,200 baht
17.7
baht/kWh
Thai wind
pioneers build
wind power
themselves.
Micro-hydro technology
Source: Inversin, A. R. (1986). Micro-Hydropower Sourcebook.
Micro-hydro technology
Pelton
Turgo
Crossflow
Kaplan
Centrifugal
pump
Thai Potential:
1000s of projects - 700 MW (?)
Mae Kam Pong, Chiang Mai
DEDE + community
40 kW
4 million baht cost
Sell electricity to PEA – 400,000 baht/year
VSPP subsidy: 0.8 baht/kWh
Mae Kam Pong, Chiang Mai
2 @ 20 kW
Weir: 2 meters high, 15 meter wide
Head: 55 meters
Households: 190
Cost: 3.99 million baht
Constructed in year: 2526 (1983)
Thai Potential:
10,000s of projects – 10s MW (?)
Huai Krating, Tak
Power: 3 kW
Head: 35 meter
Flow: 20 liters/second
Cost: <200,000 baht
(turbine - 24,500 baht)
Constructed: 2548 (2005)
Kre Khi village, Tak Province
1 kW for school, clinic, church
Cost: <150,000
(turbine 10,000)
Head: 10 meters
Flow: 15 lit/sec
Mae Klang Luang, Chaing Mai
200 watts
5,000 baht (turbine: 4,000 baht)
Installed: 2550 (2007)
Head: 1.7 meters
Breakdown of economically viable
biomass resource
Biomass resource
Economic potential (MW)
Bagasse
1900
Biogas (cassava, pig, food waste)
1185
Wood residues
950
Rice husk
100
Corncob
54
Distillery slop
49
Coconut
43
Palm oil residues
43
TOTAL
4,324
Source: Black and Veatch (2000). Final Report: Thailand Biomass-Based Power Generation and Cogeneration Within Small Rural Industries. Bangkok, NEPO;
NEPO/DANCED (1998). Investigation of Pricing Incentive in a Renewable Energy Strategy -- Main report. Bangkok. Bagasse figure from interview with interview
with Sirisak Tatong, power plant manager at Mitr Phol sugar factory. Biogas from interviews with biogas developers
Rice husk fired power plant
 9.8 MW
 Roi Et province
 VSPP: Subsidy 0.3 baht/kWh
Korat Waste to Energy - biogas
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Uses waste water from cassava to make methane
Produces gas for all factory heat (30 MW thermal) + 3 MW of electricity
3 x 1 MW gas generators
VSPP: Subsidy 0.3 baht/kWh
Reduces air and water pollution
Produces fertilizer
Biogas from Pig Farms
Produces electricity
8 x 70 kW generator
Ratchaburi
Subsidy: 0.3 baht/kwh
Source: Presentation by Ministry of Energy at Energy Strategy Workshop chaired by Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra. 28 August 2003
Combined Heat and Power (CHP)… Why?
Why CHP?
Electricity Generation Worldwide (TWh)
(source: International energy Agency 2002)
67% wasted!
Combined Heat and Power (CHP)… also called
“cogeneration”
Thai CHP Potential:
?,??? MW
>2,400 MW in applications
received
Combined Cooling Heat and Power (CCHP) plant at Bangkok’s
Suvarnabhumi International Airport
55MW CCGT
Steam provides cooling for
terminal (563,000 m²) and
surrounding facilities
60
50
40
30
7.3%
20
Thai Data from ‘Power Development Plan 2007” , Ministry of Energy
World Data from ‘World Survey of DE - 2005’ World Alliance for Decentralized Energy
India
France
Brazil
Mexico
Thailand
WORLD
US
Portugal
Chile
China
Canada
Germany
Russia
Finland
0
Netherlands
10
Denmark
DE share as % of total power generation
Global Distributed Energy Development
Thank you!
For more information contact:
Tel. (+011) 662-672-0364
[email protected]
www.palangthai.org
Download presentation slides & documents at:
http://www.palangthai.org/docs/index
Thai government solar
home program
203,000 solar home systems
US$200 million
No maintenance plan
23% failure rate within 20 months
Estimated renewable energy
potential in Thailand
Resource
Technical
potential
(MW)
Commerical
Potential*
(MW)
Year 2011
Government
targets (MW)
Biomass (includes biogas)
Biogas
Solar PV
Micro- & Mini- hydro
Wind
Municipal Waste
7,000
>400
>5,000
700
1,600
?
>4,300
300
?
>200
?
?
1548
10
33
450
45
100
Total
>14,000
>4,500
2192
* Commercial potential based on actual prices paid to renewable energy generators currently on-line.
Source: Technical potential from Thai Ministry of Energy. (2003).“Energy Strategy for Competitiveness”
http://www.eppo.go.th/admin/moe-workshop1/index.html. Commercial potential from from Black &
Veatch 2000 and NEPO/DANCED 1998 as well as interviews with power plant managers. Targets
from 2005 Prime Minister’s Energy Workshop 23 November.