Transcript What Role for Peer Review in Fostering Regional Integration? - Comments Ki Fukasaku OECD Development Centre 1st OECD - Southeast Asia Regional Forum Jakarta  23-24

What Role for Peer Review in
Fostering Regional Integration?
- Comments Ki Fukasaku
OECD Development Centre
1st OECD - Southeast Asia
Regional Forum
Jakarta  23-24 January 2007
Questions to Consider in Session III
 What are the major challenges for
regional integration in ASEAN?
 Can Peer Review be useful for
monitoring and advancing regional
integration?
2
Recap

Globalisation and regionalisation: is East Asia
special?

Need for coherent policies to integrate all
ASEAN countries (esp. CLMV)

Enhance the capacity of reviewed countries
to engage in peer review

Where to East Asian regionalism?

Why Peer Review? (Or why not other
methods?)
3
Two Types of Regionalisation
 Market-led Regionalisation, driven by higherthan-average economic growth and trade and
FDI liberalisation both multilaterally and
unilaterally [Lloyd 1992]
 Institution-led Regionalisation, driven by the
formation of RTAs and enhanced regional cooperation in areas other than trade
4
From Market-led to Institution-led
Regionalisation in East Asia
 East Asian and Pacific
interdependence
 Promoting growth
through reform
 East Asian currency
and financial crisis
 Slow progress in the
WTO process
 9/11 and security
 “WTO plus” issues
 Emergence of China
and India
 Increasing FTAs/EPAs
in the ROW
5
Where to East Asian Regionalism?
 APEC Bogor Declaration (1994) : free trade and
investment in the APEC region by 2010
(developed members) and by 2020 (developing
members)
 Embracing FTAs in East Asia
 FTA/EPA bandwagons (Japan, Korea, China)
6
East Asian “Noodle Bowl” of RTAs
Japan
China
Republic
of Korea
Mexico
ASEAN
Taiwan
Thailand
Philippines
Chile
Study group
Under negotiation
Panama
Malaysia
Agreement signed
Singapore
In force
Indonesia
Australia
CER
USA
New Zealand
Source: Drysdale (2006)
7
Where to East Asian Regionalism
 From Bilateral FTAs to an East Asian FTA [e.g.
Cheong 2003; Urata & Kiyota 2003; Plummer &
Wignaraja 2006]
 ASEAN to write a charter and to create the free
trade area by 2015
 2nd East Asia Summit agreed to launch a Track
Two study on a Comprehensive Economic
Partnership in East Asia (CEPEA) among EAS
participants.
8
East Asia’s Functional Co-operation
at Different Levels
 17 Co-operative Areas,
including:
 48 different groupings,
including:
 Trade and investment
 ASEAN
 Money and finance
 ASEAN + 3
 Energy
 ASEAN + CER
 IT
 ASEAN + India
 Intellectual Property
 ARF
 Food
 East Asia Summit
 Health
 APEC
 Environment
 ASEM
 Disaster prevention
 Development assistance
9
ASEAN/East Asia: Cases for Regional
Peer Review?
 Scope
 Participants
 Ownership
 Capacity building
10
Thank you for
your attention!