Cell Organelles

© J Beauchemin 2006

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Create a KWL chart for cells. Fill out the K and the W

You will need to know the following organelles and their function:

Cell Membrane Cytoplasm (not an organelle) Nucleus Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Complex Mitochondria Lysosome

Cell Organelles

Organelle = “little organ” An

organelle

is a membrane-bound structure that carries out specific activities for the cell.

Found only inside

eukaryotic cells

Cell Wall

Found in plant and bacterial cells Rigid, protective barrier. Protects and maintains the shape of the cell.

Located outside of the cell membrane

Cell Membrane

Boundary of the cell. Controls the passages of materials in and out of the cell.

Made of a phospho lipid bi layer

Like doors of school

Nucleus

Control center of the cell Contains

DNA

Surrounded by a double membrane Usually the easiest organelle to see under a microscope Usually one per cell • Like the principals office that runs school and stores student files

Cytoplasm

Not an organelle but important All organelles reside (live and float around in) the cytoplasm • Like air inside school

Cytoskeleton

Acts as

skeleton

and

muscle

Provides shape and structure Helps move organelles around the cell Made of three types of filaments

Centriole

Aids in cell division Usually found only in animal cells Made of microtubules

Where else have we talked about microtubules ?

Golgi Apparatus

Looks like a stack of plates Stores, modifies and packages proteins Molecules transported to and from the Golgi by means of vesicles Like lunch room staff that handles and delivers food

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A.k.a. “ER” Highway of the cell Transports materials throughout the cell Rough ER : studded with ribosomes; it makes proteins Smooth ER : no ribosomes; it makes lipids

Ribosome

Site of protein synthesis Found attached to rough ER or floating free in cytosol Produced in a part of the nucleus called the nucleolus

Mitochondria

“Powerhouse of the cell” Generates energy (ATP) for a cell Cellular respiration occurs here to release energy for the cell to use.

Like the students and teachers eating to give them energy

Vacuoles

Large central vacuole usually in plant cells Many smaller vacuoles in animal cells Storage container for water, food, enzymes , wastes, pigments, etc.

What type of microscope may have been used to take this picture?

Like the storage closets in school

Lysosomes

Garbage disposal of the cell Contain digestive enzymes that break down wastes

Which organelles do lysosomes work with?

Like the janitors of the school that clean up the garbage

Chloroplast

Found only in plant cells Contains the green pigment chlorophyll Site of food ( glucose ) production Photosynthesis takes place here.

Uses light energy to make ATP

Quick Review

Which organelle is the control center of the cell? Nucleus Which organelle holds the cell together?

Cell membrane Which organelles are not found in animal cells?

Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts Which organelle helps plant cells make food?

Chloroplasts What does E.R. stand for?

Endoplasmic reticulum

Animal Vs. Plant Cells

What differences do you notice?