Cell Organelles

S7L2: Cell Structure and Function

CELL ORGANELLES

•

Organelles:

Structures within a cell with special functions.

Cell Wall (School Walls)

•

Cell Wall

- Strong, rigid wall that protects the cell and gives it shape.

– Plants cells have

cell walls

; Animal cells do not.

Cell Membrane (Building Doors)

• The outer covering of a cell. • Used for protection and support. • Lets good stuff in; keeps bad stuff out.

Cytoplasm (Air)

• A gel-like substance found inside the cell. • Used to support the organelles.

Nucleus (Main Office)

• Regulates and controls all the activities within a cell.

• Contains

chromosomes

which contain

DNA

hereditary material

Nuclear Membrane

• Covers and protects the nucleus. • Controls what enters or leaves the nucleus.

Chloroplast (Cafeteria)

• Green organelle that makes sugar for plants.

• Chloroplast is used in photosynthesis. • Contain

chlorophyll

sun’s light. animal cells do not.

- Green pigment that captures the • Plants contain chloroplast;

Mitochondria (Generator)

• Bean or Rod-shaped organelle that produces

ATP

(provides energy) by performing

cellular respiration

. • The POWERHOUSE of the cell!

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) (Hallways)

• A network of passages used to move proteins and other materials throughout the cell. • Comes in two types: Rough (has ribosomes) and Smooth (does not have ribosomes)

Ribosomes (Workers)

• Tiny organelles that are used to make proteins. • Some float throughout the cytoplasm, others are stuck to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Golgi Body/Complex/Apparatus (Packaging Center/Mail Room)

• This large organelle modifies and packages proteins. • It is the “Packaging” center for the cell.

Vacuoles (Lockers)

• Organelles that are used for storage. • Vacuoles store food, water and waste.

Lysosomes (Custodians)

• Small round organelles that contain digestive chemicals. • Used to break down food, waste and dying organelles.

Nucleus Chloroplast Mitochondria Roug h ER Smooth ER Organelles Vacuoles Lysosomes Ribosomes Golgi Body

From Cell to Organism

• Groups of cells combine to form tissues. • Groups of tissue combine to form organs.

From Cell to Organism (Cont)

• Groups of organs combine to form organ systems. • Groups of organ systems combine to form an organism.

Cells Tissues Organs Organ System s