Transcript Unit 6: Cell Biology Chapter 3.3: Cell Membranes Chapter 3: Cells
Chapter 3: Cells Section 3: Cell Membrane
Unit 6: Cell Biology
Chapter 3.3: Cell Membranes
Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles
Agenda for Today Do Now!
Quick Review on Organelles Protein Production QUIZ!
Cell Membrane
Chapter 3: Cells Section 3: Cell Membranes Good Posters and Presentations!
The cat loved your posters!
Chapter 3: Cells Section 3: Cell Membrane Do Now!
Carolyn and Nouman are giving a presentation about cell organelles. To help the students understand the function of organelles, they describe the cell by using the analogy that the cell is a factory.
Using the picture below, which part should Carolyn and Nouman describe as the generator (or powerplant) that powers the factory, and why?
Possible answers:
• Organelle 1:
this structure controls all activities of the cell.
• Organelle 2:
this structure packages and delivers proteins
and lipids. • Organelle 3:
this is where cellular respiration occurs.
• Organelle 4:
this is where photosynthesis occurs.
Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles • Cytoskeleton • • • • • “cyto” = “cell” Supports organelles and gives the cell structure.
3 different components: microtubules , intermediate filaments , & microfilaments .
Found in Animals and Plants Found only in Eukaryotes
Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles The Cytoskeleton
Chapter 3: Cells • Protein Production Section 2: Cell Organelles • A number of organelles work together to make and deliver proteins.
• Nucleus -> Ribosome -> Rough ER -> Golgi Body -> Vesicle -> final destination. • We will use an analogy to describe this process, so be patient.
Chapter 3: Cells • Nucleus Section 2: Cell Organelles • • • • “nucleus” = “kernel” (just like “karyon”)
Stores and protects genetic material (DNA)
Surrounded by a double membrane with many pores , called the nuclear envelope .
Nucleolus assembly.
is the site of ribosome
Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: Cells • Ribosome Section 2: Cell Organelles • “ribo” comes from RNA (ribonucleic acid). “soma” = “body” • Has 2 major parts, a large and a small subunit.
• In-between the subunits is RNA •
Links amino acids together to form proteins.
Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles 3-D View of Ribosome
Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles • Endoplasmic Reticulum • • • • • “endo” = “inside”; “plasma” = “fluid”; “reticulum” = “net” 2 major sections: Rough and Smooth ER
Rough ER is the site of protein synthesis Smooth ER is the site of lipid
synthesis (fat, hormones, etc.) ER is an extension of the nuclear envelope
Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles Endoplasmic Reticulum
Chapter 3: Cells • Golgi Apparatus Section 2: Cell Organelles • • • • Named after Camillo Golgi, the Italian scientist who first identified it.
Shaped like a stack of long flattened sacks.
Packages and ships out/in proteins and other macromolecules.
Creates vesicles and lysosomes.
Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles Golgi Apparatus (bloop bloop)
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Chapter 3: Cells • Lysosome Section 2: Cell Organelles • • • • “lyse” = “to break apart”; “soma” = “body” Digests worn-out organelles and other cell parts.
Breaks down viruses, bacteria, and other foreign bodies.
Full of digestive enzymes and acids.
Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles Lysosome Production
Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles • Mitochondria • “mito” = “thread”; “chondros” = “granule” • Site of cellular respiration • The “ powerhouse of the cell ” • Breaks down pyruvate(glucose) and makes ATP (cell energy).
Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles Endoplasmic Reticulum
Chapter 3: Cells • Chloroplast Section 2: Cell Organelles • “chloros” = “green; “plastis” = “one who forms” • Site of photosynthesis.
• Converts light energy into chemical energy (glucose).
Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: Cells • Centriole Section 2: Cell Organelles • • • • • “kentros” = “center”; “ole” = “little”.
Help organize microtubles.
Serves as an anchor for spindle fibers (during mitosis).
Helps form cilia and flagella.
Always occur in pairs, called a “centrosome”
Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: Cells • Vacuole Section 2: Cell Organelles • • • • “Vacuus” = “empty” ; “-ole” = “small” Membrane bound Stores water, food, and other important molecules Found in Animals and Plants
Chapter 3: Cells • Vacuole Section 2: Cell Organelles • • • Found both in Animals and Plants Smaller in Animals, only used for storage.
Larger in plants, also used to maintain turgor pressure and plant structure
Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: Cells • Cell Membrane Section 2: Cell Organelles • • • • • • • “membrane” = “skin” Found in all cells (eu, pro, animal, plant) Double layer of phospholipids Hydrophobic between layers, hydrophilic on outside.
Fluid (everything is in motion) Semi-permeable Has many proteins embedded in it.
Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: Cells • Cell Wall Section 2: Cell Organelles • • • • Found only in Plants (Eukaryotes) Made of cellulose Provides structure for the plant body.
Cell wall in prokaryotes in not the same thing. (made of different stuff)
Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles
Chapter 3: Cells Section 2: Cell Organelles