Stroke Risk & Identification
Download
Report
Transcript Stroke Risk & Identification
3rd leading cause of death
Leading cause of serious long term disability in
the U. S.
Women more likely to die from a stroke than
men
On average, every 40 seconds someone has a
stroke
Death of brain cells leading to loss of
neurological function
Two types
Ischemic Stroke: blocked circulation to a part of the
brain usually due a blood clot, often in a narrowed
artery
Hemorrhagic Stroke: ruptured blood vessel, usually
arterial, causing circulation loss to part of the brain
87% if strokes are ischemic and 13% hemorrhagic
Temporary neurological symptoms in the
distribution of a blood vessel that blocks, and
then clears
Usually develop stroke like symptoms that
resolve in 60 minutes or less
Similar to Angina preceding a heart attack
F.A.S.T.
Face: facial droop on one side: ask the person
to smile
Arms: Loss of coordination or
weakness/numbness on one side- hold both
arms straight out from the body- does one drift
downward?
Speech: Ask the person to repeat a simple
sentence- was it repeated normally?
Time: Get to the Hospital immediately if any of
the above are abnormal: Time is Brain
Less common, but potentially stoke symptoms:
New type of severe headache
Sudden Nausea/Vomiting
Sudden sleepiness or agitation
Ataxia- staggering while moving, clumsiness
Blood pressure: increased risk for blood pressure
above 120/80
Cholesterol: Should be less than 200 mg/dl
Diabetes
Smoking
Diet: know your Body Mass Index- BMI less than
24
Exercise: cardiovascular fitness reduces stroke risk
Family History: Increased risk if immediate family
members with heart or cerebral vascular disease at
an early age.
Check blood pressure and work with a doctor
to achieve BP less than 120/80
Have your cholesterol checked and work on
reduction if elevated
Check for diabetes
If a smoker, work on smoking cessation
Drink alcohol in moderation
Have an ECG or heart rhythm evaluation to
check for Atrial Fibrillation
Develop an exercise habit
Enjoy a reduced fat and sodium diet
Antihypertensives- reduce blood pressure
Antidysrhythmics- control Atrial Fibrillation
Anticoagulants- decrease clotting risk
Anticholesterol/lipid medications
Diabetic medications
Affects 25% of the US population.
Each year:
Claims 1 million lives
Cost $290 billion
2004- 1 of every 5 deaths
Every 26 seconds someone suffers a heart attack
Every 1 minute someone will die from a heart
attack
Uncomfortable pressure, heaviness, squeezing
or pain in the center of the chest lasting at least
2 minutes.
Pain the travels to the shoulders, arms, neck,
jaw or back
Severe pain, lightheadedness, fainting,
sweating, nausea or shortness of breath
Women, diabetics, the elderly
Unusual fatigue
New, unusual shortness of breath with
everyday activity or while a rest
Nausea or Dizziness
Stomach or lower chest pain; back pain
Time is heart muscle
Treating heart disease:
Medications
Angioplasty and Stenting
Bypass
Implantable devices
Age
Race
Gender
Family History
Diabetes
Blood Pressure
Cholesterol
Smoking
Diabetes
Obesity
Physical Fitness
Rarely causes symptoms
Strains Heart Muscle and increased heart
oxygen use
Damages blood vessels
Class
Normal
Pre HTN
Stage 1
Stage 2
SBP
<120
120-139
140-159
> 160
DSP
<80
80-89
90-99
> 100
Reduce weight
Keep salt intake to less than a teaspoon dailyboth added and in foods
Assure eating plenty of fruits and vegetables;
low-fat dairy products
Exercise
Reduce stress
Medications
Single greatest risk factor predicting heart
disease
High Blood Pressure
High LDL cholesterol
High Triglycerides
Low HDL cholesterol
Irritates blood vessel walls
Risk of developing heart disease:
Women: 5-7 times
Men: 2-3 times
Good: HDL
Bad: LDL
Ugly: VLDL
HDL
LDL
Women- 60 mg/dl or higher
Men- 50 mg/dl or higher
Normal 90-100 mg/dl
Desire < 100 mg/dl
In heart disease or diabetics: goal < 70 mg/dl
VLDL- highest triglycerides
Desire below 20 mg/dl
Extra weight adds strain to the heart and
cardiovascular system
Since 1991 obesity has increased 75%
7 of ten adults are overweight
Body Mass Index: BMI
Active persons reduce cardiovascular risk by
50%
Opportunity to Exercise: OTE
Walk stairs
Park farther from store front or walk/bike to store
Take walk breaks during the day
Partner up: walk/run/bike/gym
Improves blood lipid profile
Burns calories and reduces weight
Improves blood pressure
Improves blood sugar control
Decreases depressed moods
Decreases stress
Improves energy and confidence
Tobacco use increases the probability of Heart
Disease
Nicotine:
Speeds development of atherosclerosis
Decreases HDL cholesterol levels
Binds carbon monoxide to Red Blood Cells,
decreasing oxygen delivery tissue
Polyunsaturated fats and Monounsaturated
fats- healthiest
Saturated fats- less good
Trans fats- the worst
Fruits and Vegetables
Whole grains
Brans
Unrefined cereals
Healthy Habits
Maintain healthy weight- BMI < 24.
Physical activity
Non-smoker
Eating Habits:
Fruits and vegetables
Low fat dairy
Low total fat
Avoid saturated and trans fats
Low salt
Control blood sugar
Know your numbers
Blood Pressure
Lipid Panel
Blood Glucose
Under 40:
Blood Pressure
Lipid Profile
Blood Chemistry
Over Age 40:
Urinalysis
EKG
Stress Test
No your numbers
Seek treatment for BP, DM, cholesterol
Eat right and get regular exercise
Watch your weight
Smoking cessation
Recognize symptoms
Seek immediate care
?