Transcript Cardiovascual_Disease_1.ppt

CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASE
WHERE ARE WE GOING IN
THE NEW MILLENNIUM
Cardiovascular Disease
Statistics
1996 estimates 58,800,000 Americans have
Cardiovascular Disease.
•High blood pressure - 50,000,000
•Coronary heart disease - 12,000,000
*Myocardial infarction (acute heart attack) 7,000,000
*Angina pectoris (chest pain) - 6,200,000
Stroke - 4,400,000
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Cardiovascular diseases:
• Claimed 959,227 lives in 1996.
• Other 1996 mortality: total cancer 544,728;
accidents 93,874; HIV (AIDS) 32,655.
• One sixth of all people killed by CVD are
under age 65.
• From 1985 to 1995 death rates from CVD
declined 22%.
• In the same 10-year period the actual number
of deaths declined only 2.0 percent.
Coronary Heart Disease
• Caused 476,124 deaths in ‘96 - the single
leading cause of death in America today.
• This year an estimated 1,100,000 Americans
will have a new or recurrent coronary attack,
and about 1/3 will die.
• At least 250,000 people a year die of coronary
attack within 1 hr. of the onset of symptoms.
Cardiovascular Disease Cost
•The cost of cardiovascular diseases and stroke in
1999 is estimated by the AHA at $286.5 billion.
This includes direct costs, which include cost of
physicians and other professions, hospital and
nursing home services, the cost of medications,
and home health.
•It is impossible to assess the cost in terms of
suffering and human life.
What is Heart Disease?
What are some types of heart and blood vessel
diseases?
•HARDENING OF THE ARTERIES
•HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
•HEART ATTACKS
•HEART FAILURE
•STROKE and TIA
What is a Heart Attack?
What causes a heart attack?
Myocardial Infarction:
•Blood flow is blocked (by a blood clot or buildup of
plaque).
Warning signs:
•Uncomfortable heavy feeling, pressure, pain or squeezing
in the center of your chest that lasts more than a few
minutes.
•Pain that goes to your shoulders, neck or arms.
•Discomfort in your chest along with a light head, fainting,
sweating, nausea or shortness of breath.
Risk Factors
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Family history
Smoking
Hyperlipidemia
Hypertension
Obesity
Inactive Lifestyle
Diabetes
Your FAMILY HISTORY may increase
your risk if. . .
Your father or brother had a heart attack
before age 55 OR your mother or sister
had one before age 65.
You have a close blood relative who had
a stroke.
CIGARETTE SMOKING . . .
it’ll make you choke!
•Cigarette smoking is the most important preventable cause of
premature death in the United States.
Current estimates for the United States are that 25.2 million men
(26.7%) & 23.2 million women (22.8%) are smokers, putting
them at increased risk of heart attack. In addition, an estimated
4.1 million teenagers aged 12 thru 17 years are smokers.
•Women who smoke and use oral contraceptives greatly increase their
risk of coronary heart disease compared with women who neither
smoke nor use oral contraceptives.
•People who smoke cigars or pipes seem to have a higher risk of
death from coronary heart disease (possibly stroke), but their risk
is not as great as cigarette smokers.
SMOKING CESSATION
Approximately 48 million Americans currently smoke cigarettes, but
most smokers are either actively trying to quit or want to quit. Since
1965, more than 40% of all adults who have ever smoked have quit.
•After 1 year off cigarettes, the excess risk of heart disease caused by
smoking is reduced by half. After 15 years of abstinence, the risk is
similar to that of persons who have never smokes.
•In 5 to 15 years, the risk of stroke for ex-smokers returns to the level
of those who have never smokes.
•Male smokers who quit between 35 to 39 add an average of 5 years to
their lives. Female quitters in this age group add 3 years. Men and
women who quit at ages 65 to 69 increase their life expectancy by 1
year.
High Blood Cholesterol . . .
is your number up?
Estimates are that 98.1 million American
adults (51.9%) have total blood cholesterol
values of 200 mg/dL and higher, and about
39.4 million American adults (about 20%)
have levels of 240 or above.
CHOLESTEROL,
Lowering the Levels
The American Heart Association dietary
guidelines for healthy Americans recommend
that no more than 30 percent of your total
calories should come from fat.
The AHA also recommends that your daily
intake of dietary cholesterol be less than 300
milligrams (mg) and no more than 200 mg is
you have coronary heart disease.
How Can I Lower High Cholesterol
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Low fat, low cholesterol diet
Weight control
Exercise program
Medication
HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE . . .
The Silent Killer
High blood pressure (hypertension) killed
41,634 Americans in 1996 and contributed to
the deaths of about 202,000.
•One in five Americans (and one in four
adults) has high blood pressure.
•Of those people with high blood pressure,
31.6% don’t know they have it.
What is blood pressure?
Blood pressure is the result of two forces. One is created by the
heart as it pushes blood into the arteries and through the
circulatory system. The other is the force of the arteries as they
resist the blood flow.
What do blood pressure numbers indicate?
•The higher (systolic) number represents the pressure while the
heart is beating.
•The lower (diastolic) number represents the pressure when the
heart is resting between beats.
Blood pressure of less than 140 over 90 is considered a
normal blood pressure reading for adults.
Blood Pressure cont.
High blood pressure usually has no symptoms.
In fact, many people have high blood pressure
for years without knowing it. That’s why it’s so
dangerous.
The only way to find out if you have high blood
pressure is to have your blood pressure
checked. Your doctor or other qualified health
professional should check your blood pressure
at least once every two years.
OBESITY AND OVERWEIGHT
. . . It’s a Real Drag!
About 61 million American adults are now 20% or
more over their ideal weight. People who are more
than 20% over their ideal body weight (obese) are
more likely to develop heart disease and stroke, even
if they have no other risks factors.
Obesity is defined simply as an excess of body fat.
Obesity is now recognized as a major risk factor for
coronary heart disease, which can lead to heart attack.
OBESITY:
•raises blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
•lowers HDL (the “good” cholesterol linked with
lower risk).
•raises blood pressure.
•can induce diabetes. In some people, diabetes has a
strongly adverse effect on these risk factors. In
them, the resulting danger of heart attack is
especially high.
Physical Inactivity . . . Just move!
Physical inactivity has been established as a
major risk factor for the development of
coronary artery disease. It also contributes to
other risk factors including obesity, high
blood pressure and a low level of HDL
cholesterol. Even moderate intensity physical
activity such as brisk walking is beneficial
when done regularly for a total of 30 minutes
or longer on most days.
What are other benefits of exercise?
•Physical activity builds healthy bones,
muscles, and joints, and reduces the risk of
colon cancer. In fact, millions of Americans
suffer from illnesses that can be prevented or
improved through regular physical activity.
•Physical activity also brings psychological
benefits. For example, it reduces feelings of
depression and anxiety, improves mood and
promotes a feeling of well-being.
DIABETES MELLITUS
Diabetes mellitus killed 61,559 Americans
in 1996.
• 10,060,000 Americans have diabetes
(about 4.6 million males and 5.5 million
females).
• 625,000 new cases of diabetes are
diagnosed every year.
What is diabetes mellitus?
Diabetes mellitus is the inability of the body to
produce or respond to insulin properly. Insulin
allows the body to use glucose (sugar).
Diabetes is a major risk factor for stroke and is
now recognized as a major risk factor for
coronary heart disease, which leads to heart
attack.
How Can I Avoid a Heart Attack?
•Don’t smoke.
•Treat high blood pressure if you have it.
•Eat a diet that’s low in fat, cholesterol, and salt.
•Exercise.
•Keep your weight in the normal range.
•Follow your doctor’s orders for taking medicine.
•See your doctor for regular checkups.
•Control your blood sugar if you have diabetes.