Transcript No Slide Title

School Buses –
A Safe Way To Travel
School Buses –
A Sustainable Way To Travel
What Is The Concern?
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Energy – fuel economy
Emissions – air quality
Climate change – global warming
Operational considerations – Cost,
performance, maintenance
U.S. Energy Flow - 2002
Quadrillion BTUs
Well to Wheel Energy Use
BTU per
mile
Conventional
Hybrid
Fuel Cell
14,000
12,000
10,000
Better
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
from: Fuel Options for Reducing GHG Emissions from Motor Vehicles, US DOT, September 2003
Diesel Engines and Air Quality
• Diesel exhaust is a complex mixture of
gases and fine particles
• Engines have historically contributed
significant amounts of NOx, particulate
matter to air pollution
Exposures Inside School Buses
• Personal exposure
monitors for PM 2.5
• Levels 5 – 10
times higher than
ambient averages
• California study
estimates cancer risk
increases by 4%,
asthma risk by 1%
Economics of Clean Diesel
Environmental/Public Health Impact
in Oregon
– $2 billion per year
or
– $2+ per gallon of diesel used
Global Warming Factors
From Hansen and Saito, 2001
Clean vs. Dirty Diesel
CONVENTIONAL
RETROFITTED
Real time measurements of particulate matter pollution inside a car
“chasing” a diesel truck before and after retrofitting.
Courtesy of Clean Air Task Force
Burn Cleaner Fuel - Biodiesel
• Vegetable oils and/or waste grease refined
to diesel fuel
• Biodegradable, nontoxic, renewable fuel
• Reduces PM, CO, VOCs; Increases NOx
• Can be blended (20%) or used neat
• Excellent lubricity
• Cost, high cloud point
The Modern Hybrid
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Does not idle when stopped
Uses a battery pack to store energy
Uses an electric motor to accelerate
Recharges batteries when braking or
coasting
• Allows for smaller combustion engine
• Increased fuel economy and lower
engine wear
What is a Plug-In Hybrid?
• Can receive portion of battery energy
from grid
• Plugging in is optional
• Once range is depleted, operates as a
normal hybrid
• Categorized by range on electricity
– HEV30 is 30 miles on electric range
CO2 Emissions from Series Hybrid
NOx Emissions for Series Hybrid
Fuel Costs of Series Hybrid
Program Costs for Hybrid
• Initial cost greater than standard diesel
• Operating cost less than standard diesel
• Lifecycle cost about same as standard
diesel
• Infrastructure
– Same diesel pumps
– Same maintenance garage
– Electric plug-in chargers
Clean School Bus USA
• School Districts and ESDs only allowed to apply
• Anticipated awards up to $725,000, averaging
$200,000 - $300,000
• 5% cost share
• Fund retrofits, engine upgrades, cleaner fuels, bus
and/or engine replacement
•“Buddy program”
• DEQ here to help with applications
Sustainable Practices With School
Buses – Now!
• Use ultra low sulfur fuel and biodiesel
• Minimize idling time at schools and
events
• Maintain vehicles to reduce smoke and
odors
• Use newer buses more often and for
longer routes
• Install exhaust filters
It’s Not Cool To Idle At School
Suited for 5th to 8th grade
students
Learn the scientific principles of
observation and reporting, while
engaging in social change.
Toolkits provided by Oregon
Environmental Council
http://www.oeconline.org/kids
health/teachertools
HB 2172 - Clean Diesel Initiative
Components in the bill
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Clean Diesel Fund
Clean Diesel Tax Credit
Clean Engine Replacement Incentives
Clean Oregon School Bus Grants
Oregon Clean Diesel Initiative
• For more information:
Kevin Downing
DEQ – Air Quality
503.229.6549
[email protected]