Future Powertrains

Global Opportunities & Challenges

Sue Cischke

Vice President of Environmental & Safety Engineering

Overview

• • • Powertrain Drivers Powertrain Technology Solutions Ford’s Powertrain Technology Development 2

Powertrain Drivers

• Climate Change • Fuel Economy • • Emissions Customer Satisfaction 3

C02, Fuel Economy and Energy Independence are public and political issues worldwide. However, regional differences exist and drive different technology solutions. North America

• Currently a and

HEV’s Gas

market • Energy security and fuel efficiency goals drive

diesels Europe

• Currently a

split Gas/Diesel

market • High fuel tax and climate focus continue to drive EU

further toward diesel Japan

• Currently a

Gas

market but with growing

HEV

penetration • High fuel tax, emissions (smog) and climate focus

drive HEV

development in Japan

today

• Energy dependencies may drive to

H 2 solutions sooner then rest of world

4

Diesels offer ~25% CO 2 benefit versus gasoline engines

$6 $5 $4 $3 $2 $1 $-

200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 1995 Diesel Technology Lowers Fuel Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Emissions 1996 1997 Petrol-fuelled vehicles Diesel–fuelled vehicles 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Higher Fuel Prices Drive Smaller Vehicles and Different Technoogy Solutions

Gasoline Diesel US Europe

German vs. US Annual Vehicle Fuel Taxes 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 1.4L

Petrol 1.4L

Diesel

Germany US

1.8L

Petrol 1.8L

Diesel 2L Petrol 2L Diesel 4.4L

Petrol 3L Diesel

5

Emissions regulations continue to drive technology advancement. Differences in standards worldwide result in different solutions.

Gasoline Challenges: Emissions Regulations 0.35

0.3

0.25

EU III 0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

SULEV 0 0 LEV/ Bin 5 ULEV 0.05

EU IV 0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

NOx, g/mi 0.3

Tier 1 0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

6

NOx and Particulate emissions are driving future diesel technologies. New technologies will add significant cost and result in attribute trade-off risks.

Diesel Challenges: Emissions Standards 0.20

0.18

0.16

0.14

0.12

0.10

0.08

Bin 10 0.06

0.04

0.02

Japan (~2006MY) 0.00

0 0.1

LEV/Bin 5 0.2

Euro 4 PC 0.3

0.4

0.5

NOx, g/mi 0.6

Euro 3 PC 0.7

0.8

0.9

1

7

Customers increasingly demand a variety of attributes from their Powertrains

• • • • • •

Performance feel Quietness Quality and reliability Fuel economy and range Towing performance Affordability 8

Technology Solutions

Diesel Engine Gas Engine Alternative Fuel Engines Advanced Diesel Engines Advanced Gas Engines HEV H 2 -ICE Fuel Cell

9

With conventionally derived fuels, air quality differentiates powertrain options more than CO 2 . New infrastructures are required to reach zero CO 2 Renewabl e Diesel Engine Diesel Engine Hybrid Advance d Diesel Engine Current Gasoline Engine Renewabl e Gasoline Engine Renewable H 2 Fuel Infrastructure Changes Carbon Sequestration Renewable Fuels (H 2 or Bio-Fuels) Gasoline Engine Hybrid Advanced Gasoline Engine Powertrain Technology Limit H 2 (NG) Well to Wheels CO 2 (g/km)

10

Traditional powertrains will be increasingly supplemented by one or more advanced alternatives. No single global technology solution has yet emerged.

Today

Fuel Cell Hydrogen I.C.E.

Hybrid Powertrain Diesel Advanced Gasoline Development Deployment Near Term Mid Term Deployment Timeframe Long Term Consequently, Ford, and other manufacturers, continue to develop all of these Powertrain Technologies

11

Ford Motor Company‘s

Powertrain Technology Development

• Advanced Gasoline Engines • Advanced Diesel Engines • • Hybrid Electric Vehicles Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines • Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles 12

The Ford Escape Hybrid offers:

•

Acceleration performance similar to a V-6

•

Significant improvement in FE vs. V-6

•

Cleaner vehicle, meeting SULEV tailpipe emissions standard

•

All the advantages of hybrid technology while maintaining all of the benefits of the base Escape, including interior roominess and versatility

•

Confidence of authentic Ford SUV

•

A superior value that is the right choice for the environment

No Boundaries … Room, Range, Performance and Green – The Smart Choice!

13

Hydrogen: The Long-Term Fuel Solution?

Hydrogen comes with new decisions and challenges.

Production Infrastructure Storage On-Board Powertrain

Fuel Cell vs. ICE

14

Infrastructure

: Must Be A Cooperative Effort

OEMs Energy Providers Government

15

Ford is Preparing for a H2 Economy H2 ICE Hybrid (H2RV) H2 ICE Engine

•

Fuel Cell Demo Fleet

•

H2 Research Vehicle (H2RV)

•

Next Gen Fuel Cell Vehicle

•

H2ICE Demo Fleet

Fuel Cell Vehicle

16

Ford Fuel Cell Vehicles

1999 P2000 HFC CGH 2 2002 2000 2000 Ford Focus FC5 Methanol Ford Focus FCV CGH 2 2001 Mazda Premacy Methanol FCEV Hybrid CGH 2 2003 Fuel Cell Vehicle

17

What Is Ford Motor Company Doing to Address the Challenges of Fuel Cells?

• • •

Core Fuel Cell Technology Development



Alliance with Daimler-Chrysler and Ballard



Integration of Core Technology into Vehicle Programs Vehicle Programs

 

Demonstrations Low Volume Production Programs Partnerships with Government Agencies

18

R&D Targets for Fuel Cell Technology • Improvement of Fuel Cell

    Cost Reduction Power Density Increase Mass Production Durability

• Meet System Demands

 Cold Start Operation at High and Low Temps    Durability Insensitivity to Air Impurities Vehicle Range  Hydrogen Storage 19

•

Summary

Selecting a single “winning” Powertrain Technology solution for all markets and time frames is not possible

.

•

As technologies become more complex, manufacturers are challenged with affordably developing all options

•

Our industry should continue to work with governments and energy suppliers worldwide to develop the infrastructures for making and delivering renewable H 2, or other fuels

•

Ford continues to advance Powertrain Technology on all fronts

20