Chapter 20.1
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Transcript Chapter 20.1
World War I: The Road to War
Causes of the War: Imperialism
European nations
compete for trade in
Africa, Asia, and Pacific.
Germany expands,
Militarizes
Countries get fearful.
Causes of the War: Nationalism
National groups want to
be free of their European
rulers. They are separate
and want to rule
themselves.
Example: Serbians
living/ruled by AustrianHungarian Empire want to
be free.
Causes of the War: Alliance System
When countries fear
attack they gain
friendships/alliances.
Germany-Austria-Hungary
France, Britain, Russia
Causes of the War: Assassination
June 28, 1914
Sarajevo, Bosnia
Gregario Princip
(Serbian Nationalist)
kills Archduke Franz
Ferdinand (AustroHungarian prince).
July 29 – AustriaHungry declares war
on Serbia
Any guesses as to
what happens next?
The Order.
June 28th – assassination
July 28th – Austria-Hungary
declares war on Serbia
July 31st – Russia Mobilizes
its armed forces
August 1 – Germany
declares war on Russia
August 3 – Germany
declares war on France
August 4 – Germany invades
neutral Belgium
August 4 – Great Britain
declares war on Germany
Western Front
Germany marches west
to France, Allies march
east, meet at Marne.
Stalemate for 3 terrible
years.
Trench Warfare
“no man’s land”
“Over the top”
Western Front
Technology improves
Airplanes
○ Scouting and support of
ground forces
Armored Tanks
Rapid-fire machine guns
○ Heavy artillery
Poison gas
Choking, blinding, skin
issues, lung problems
American Neutrality
Issue #1: Ethnic
Loyalties
German Americans support
Germany/Central powers
Irish Americans support
Germany/ Central Powers
Britain/U.S. share common
language/history
American slavs/Italian
support allies
American Neutrality
Issue #2: Propaganda
Used by both sides
Sway opinions of others for
support
Exaggerated/made- up
Images are powerful
American Neutrality
Issue #3: Trade
Americans traded goods
with allies
American banks loan
money to Allies
British blockade American
ships heading to Germany
○ Wilson insists Britain buy all
American Goods it is
boycotting.
American Neutrality
Issue #4: The Lusitania
Germany had many U-boats
(subs)
February 1915 – Germany
blockades Britain
May 7, 1915 – U-boat sinks
British Passenger ship off
coast of Ireland
1,200 people die, 128
Americans
U.S. protests, Germany
promises to not sink
passenger ships.
Entering the War
Zimmerman Telegram
Feb 24, British intercept
telegram from Germany to
Mexico
IF Mexico joins the war with
Germany, THEN Germany
will help Mexico gain new
Mexico, Texas, and Arizona.
Released to press on March
1, Americans are mad
3 more American merchant
ships sunk by German Uboats.
IT IS ON!!!!!!
Meanwhile…in Russia…
Tsar Nicholas II of Russia
and his family is thrown in
jail and eventually
murdered.
Revolution in Russia
caused by food shortages,
military defeats
No absolute monarchs
ONLY democratic powers,
last step to joining allies.
Declaring War
April 2, 1917 – Wilson
asks Congress to
declare war on Central
Powers.
Bring it Europe!