Transcript Slide 1
WWI: The War in Europe Video Concept Guide World War I: The War in Europe World War One • The Great War • The War to End All Wars • The Imperialist War • The Trench War • First Modern War Nationalism • Interests of the homeland should always be put ahead of world cooperation • Russians believe they are the protector all Slavic peoples • Poles want own state with self-rule • Czechoslovakians want self-rule Imperialism • Many countries bldg global empires • Great Britain and Germany colonizing Africa and the Middle East • France and Germ. clash over Morocco • Race for trade, resources creates race to build up military strength • Creates agreements to alliances Alliances – Checks & Balances • Triple Entente –France –Great Britain –Russia • Also treaty with Serbia –Later- “Allies” • Triple Alliance –Germany –Austria-Hungary –Ottoman Empire –Italy • Later joins Allies –Later- “Central Powers” Spark of War • Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria • Sarajevo; assassin was Serbian member of the secret “Black Hand” • A-H determined to make example of Serbia; squash any ideas of future nationalist uprisings • A-H declares war on Serbia July 1914 Magnitude of War • 65+ million engaged • 9-10 million died in battle • 20 million died due to hunger and disease related to war • 20 million wounded “Western Front” • Two lines of trenches across northern and eastern France • Thousands of miles • “No man’s land” • Muck, mire, rats, lice, disease • Lines remained essentially unchanged Technology-Modern War • Machine gun • “Big Bertha” (German) • Chemical weapons-mustard, chlorine, poisonous gases • Tanks (Great Britain) • Flame throwers (German) Technology-Modern War • Balloons • Airplanes- “dogfights”; Baron von Richthofen: The Red Baron (Germ) • “unterseeboots”-torpedoes • Dreadnaughts (Great Britain) US Enters War • “Freedom of the Seas” • Insure Allies able to repay debts • Lusitania- 128 US lives lost • Germany declares intent to sink all ships in British waters • “The Zimmerman Telegram” • US declares war 1917 Effects of War • Congress establishes the draft • War Industries Board –Production techniques/fabrication –Encourage public support –Daylight Savings Time –Liberty Bonds –“Four Minute Men” Military Personnel • African-Americans serve in Army –Segregated –Officers only allowed to be in charge of African-American troops –“The Harlem Hell Fighters” • Women allowed in non-combat positions with Navy and Marines Vocabulary • Nationalism • Doughboys • Alliance • Fabrication • “Western Front” • “Four Minute Men” • “Dogfight” • Unterseeboot