Transcript Self-Rule for Canada, Australia, and New Zealand

Self-Rule for Canada,
Australia, and New Zealand
Chapter #10 – Section #3
Canada Achieves Self-Rule
After France lost Canada to Great Britain in
1763, thousands of French-speaking Catholic
settlers remained.
After the American Revolution, about 30,000
British loyalists fled to Canada. They were
English-speaking Protestants.
Several Native American peoples lived in
eastern Canada.
Canada became very diverse and divided.
Unrest in Two Canadas
To ease ethnic tensions, Britain passed the
Constitutional Act of 1791, which created two
provinces:
1. English-speaking Upper Canada (now Ontario),
where English traditions and laws were kept.
2. French-speaking Lower Canada (now Quebec),
where French traditions and the Catholic Church were
protected.
Unrest grew in in both colonies, as the people resented
the power held by a small group of elites who controlled
the government.
Rebellions followed as Louis Joseph Papineau, head of
the French Canadian Reform party, and William Lyon
Mackenzie, led rebellions in Upper and Lower Canada.
Britain Responds
Britain learned from the American Revolution. Instead of
going into full-scale war against the rebels, they put down
the disorder and sent a talented politician, Lord Durham,
to compile a report on the causes of the unrest.
Acting on Durham’s report, The British Parliament passed
the Act of the Union, which included:
- joining the two Canadas into one province.
- it also provided an elected legislature that determined
some domestic policies.
- Britain still controlled foreign policy and trade.
Canada Becomes a Dominion
In the mid-1800s, thousands of English, Scottish, and Irish
people immigrated to Canada.
As the country grew, two Canadians, John Macdonald and
George Etienne Cartier, urged confederation=unification
of Britain’s North American colonies.
- these colonies included Nova Scotia, New Brunswick,
Prince Edward Island, and British Columbia, as well as
Upper and Lower Canadas.
To protect against American ambitions and help its economic
development, Britain passed the British North American Act
of 1867.
- the act created the Dominion of Canada.
- Canada had its own parliament, modeled after Britain’s.
Canada Grows
Like the United States, Canada expanded westward in the
1800s.
The Canadian Pacific Railway opened, liking eastern and
western Canada. Wherever the railroads went, settlers
followed. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, immigrants
flooded into Canada.
Westward expansion destroyed the way of life for Native
Americans in Canada. Most were forced to sign treaties
giving up their lands.
Louis Riel led a revolt of the metis, people of mixed
Native American and French Canadian descent in 1869 and
1885.
Many metis were French-speaking Catholics who believed
that the government was trying to take their lands, and
destroy their language and religion.
Louis Riel & the Metis
Europeans in Australia
Read pg 334 and 335.
Witness History Video:
- Australia: The Story of a Penal Colony.
The Aborigines
New Zealand’s Story
New Zealand is located southeast of Australia.
In 1769, Captain Cook claimed its islands for Britain.
Missionaries landed there in 1814 to convert the indigenous people, the
Maori, to Christianity.
The Maori were seafaring people who had reached New Zealand from
Polynesia in the 1200s. They were determined to defend their land from
British settlers.
White settlers were attracted to New Zealand’s mild climate and good soil.
In 1840, Britain annexed New Zealand.
Colonists poured in and took more and more land, leading to fierce wars
with the Maori. Many Maori died in the struggle. More died from disease,
alcoholism and other misfortunes that followed European colonization.
By the 1870s, the Maori resistance crumbled. Their population fell from
200,000 to less than 45,000 in 1896. Only recently has the population
started to grow.
White New Zealanders wanted self-rule. In 1907, they won independence,
with their own parliament, prime minister, and elected legislature. They still
preserved close ties to the British empire.
The Maori
Homework
Section 3 Assessment:
- Answer (#1, 3 – #6)
- Pg. 336.