Transcript Ethnicity - Education Forum

Ethnicity
Life Chances
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Households that are headed by someone from an ethnic minority are more likely to
have less income.
Ethic minority groups are more likely to live in poor quality housing where over
crowding and problems such as damp can affect peoples health.
Bangladeshi and Black African were most likely to live is social rented housing
(council housing).
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Ethnic minority groups have greater risk of poverty then whites.
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Ethic minority groups are more likely to have unskilled or semi skilled jobs then
whites.
Chinese and Indian men are most likely to have professional or managerial jobs.
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Pakistani and Bangladeshi have the highest unemployment in the UK and they are
three times more likely then whites to fall below the poverty line.
Black Caribbean's, Pakistani and Bangladeshi groups are least likely to be in the
highest socio-economic group.
Unemployment rates were 21% of Bangladeshis and16% of Pakistanis compared
with the 4% of the white population.
In 2002, only 10% of Pakistani/Bangladeshi households had all adults in paid
employment compared to 57% of white households.
• Modood- found that Black Caribbean boys are the group that are
most likely to be excluded from school and are the lowest
achievers. Chinese and Indian pupils are the least likely to be
excluded and are the highest achievers.
• Flaherty et al- minority ethnic groups can end up in poverty as a
result of difficulties with the benefits system. They also face direct
and indirect discrimination for example there’s a failure to provide
translation facilities.
• Pete Alcock- social exclusion is often as much as a problem for
minority ethnic groups as material deprivation. It can involve lack
of access to good quality housing, unequal access to healthcare
and social services and educational facilities. He also says that
racial harassment may produce a sense of isolation and fear,
which can add to the social exclusion caused by inequalities.
Functionalism
• Sheila Patterson- racism and
disadvantage are only temporary as the
immigrants take on the values of the
society.
• They have been criticised for assuming
that integration is inevitable and ignores
the obstacles of racism and class conflict.
Marxism
• Castles and Kosack- capitalism benefits
from having the working class divided by
ethnic inequality because it makes the
proletariat class easy rule over. Ethnic
differences distract the working class from
the real cause of their problems. For
example, ethnic minorities are blamed for
unemployment and housing shortages.
Ethnic division also creates relatively
cheap labour.
Weberianism
• John Rex- the underclass have the lowest social
status and are cut off from the rest of the
working class. This describes Britain’s ethnic
minorities.
• Rex and Tomlinson- In the primary labour market
workers have secure jobs, good wages,
opportunities and high status. In the secondary
labour market jobs are less secure, have low
wages, fewer opportunities and are not valued
by employers. People from ethnic minorities are
more likely to be in the secondary labour market.